An analysis of the sex ratio and occupational class in Japan

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoi Murata ◽  
Yoko Imaizumi
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Paternal Age ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Secondary Sex Ratio ◽  
Multipleregression Analysis

SummaryTo investigate the effect of social class on the secondary sex ratio, atotal of 7·2 million births in the period 1975–78 in Japan has been tabulated according to the occupation of the head of the household, paternal and maternal ages and birth order. Although the variation in the sex ratio among occupational classes is not statistically significant, the changes observed are compatible with those reported by other authors. Multipleregression analysis revealed that the association of birth order and paternal age with the sexratio is relatively consistent among different occupational classes, while that of maternal age varies substantially among occupational groups, a significant negative regression on maternal age being observed in agricultural workers.

A multivariate analysis of the relationship between parental age and birth order and the human secondary sex ratio

1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Garfinkel ◽  
S Selvin
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Paternal Age ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
Similar Association ◽  
Secondary Sex Ratio ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship

The variables maternal age, paternal age, and birth order are studied for possible effects on the human secondary sex ratio. Several multivariate models are applied to a set of over 1·4 million births to assess the effects of these three highly correlated variables. Also investigated is the polynomial regression model used by Novitski & Kimball (1958) in their approach to the same problem. Analysis of the present data shows a weak and negative association between sex ratio and birth order and the suggestion of a similar association with paternal age.

Parental Age Differences

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. James
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Neonatal Death ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Paternal Age ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Parental Age ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Mother’S Age

SummaryData are presented on a representative sample of legitimate live-born first infants in England, Scotland and Wales. When they are categorized simultaneously by paternal age, maternal age and social class of the father, it is found that:(1) Mean parental age difference (father's age — mother's age) is higher in upper class births than in other births.(2) If a man is younger than his wife, he is probably more likely than otherwise to come from the lower social classes, though this conclusion becomes less secure as the age difference increases in this direction.(3) Mean parental age difference increases with paternal age and decreases with maternal age.(4) For a given paternal age, parental age difference increases with a decline in social class, and for a given maternal age, parental age difference increases with a rise in social class.(5) In general, young parents have smaller mean parental age differences than old parents.If such mating patterns are characteristic of white North Americans one would infer:(1) that the risks of neonatal death and stillbirth previously reported in association with aged paternity are the result of biological rather than sociological phenomena, and(2) that the risks of neonatal death and stillbirth previously reported in association with youthful paternity are the result of sociological rather than biological phenomena.In general, it seems that mean parental age difference is unlikely to be a fruitful clue to the aetiologies of pathological conditions unless there are simultaneous controls on the age of at least one parent and on social class.The question is raised whether age disparity between spouses is associated with childlessness as well as with perinatal death and congenital malformations.

Ricerche statistiche e genetiche sulle malformazioni congenite

1959 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Beolchini
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
The Other ◽  
Paternal Age ◽  
Parental Age ◽  
Review Of The Literature

SUMMARYAfter a synthetic review of the literature, the Author reports the results of his statistical researches on the parental age of 739 congenitally malformed children born, from 1942 to 1957, at the Istituto Provinciale di Maternità of Milan.Concerning the mongolism it seems proved the influence of some particular factors correlated with the maternal age, while on the contrary the paternal age and the birth-order seem to have no influence. About the other malformations examined in this research the parental age and the birth-order appear without relevance.

Parental age, parity and sex ratio in births in England and Wales, 1968–77

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. James ◽  
John Rostron
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Secular Trend ◽  
Paternal Age ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Parental Age ◽  
England And Wales

SummaryVariations in sex ratio with maternal age, paternal age, parity and time have been examined in data on all legitimate births (live and stillbirths) in England and Wales, 1968–77. There were significant linear declines in sex ratio with both increasing parity and increasing paternal age, and a curvilinear relationship with maternal age. These effects were largely independent. Before 1955 it seems likely that sex ratio declined with increase in maternal age. But it seems that between 1955 and 1968 there was an unexplained decline in the sex ratio of births to women aged 20–24 and an increase in that of births to women aged 30–34. There was no significant secular trend in sex ratio during the period 1968–77.

Factors affecting the sex ratio in large populations

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (S2) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Teitelbaum
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Order Effect ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Paternal Age ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Male Birth ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Relative Odds ◽  
Race Effect

Summary and conclusionsTo summarize the findings presented here, only three of the five factors studied appear to be independently related to the sex ratio at birth. The significant negative birth-order effect, which in the first analysis accounted for a 2·6% shift in the relative odds of male birth, remained significant when adjustment for the race effect was provided in the second analysis. The magnitude of the effect was diminished by this adjustment, however, indicating that analysis for birth-order effects in the absence of adjustment for the race factor may lead to over-estimates of the importance of the birth-order factor.The significant race effect detected in the second analysis resulted in a 3% lower relative odds for a Negro male birth than that for a white. This racial difference, coupled with the non-uniform distribution of Negro births by paternal-age and birth-order categories, appears to be the source of the mysterious ‘interaction effect’ between birth order and paternal age reported by Novitski & Kimball. The race effect remained significant after adjustment was provided for both the birthorder and socio-economic effects.

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