Fertility decline in Tanzania

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akim J. Mturi ◽  
P. R. Andrew Hinde
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Fertility Decline ◽  
Mortality Level ◽  
Proximate Determinant ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality ◽  
Demographic Correlates

SummaryAccording to the 1991/92 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey, a Tanzanian woman has, on average, 6·1 births before she reaches age 50, a decline of about one birth per woman since the early 1980s. The major proximate determinant of fertility is universal and prolonged breastfeeding. An analysis of the social and demographic correlates of fertility shows that infant and child mortality, level of education and age at first marriage are among the factors which significantly influence fertility in Tanzania.

Social Return to Education: Empirical Study from Dhofar Region in Oman

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muawya Ahmed Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
University Education ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Mother’S Education ◽  
Mother’S Age ◽  
Mother's Education

A model was developed in this paper to examine the effect of wife and husbands' education, mother age, age at first marriage and child mortality on fertility among women in Dhofar Region, Oman. Econometric techniques are applied to examine social returns to female education. Descriptive statistics and ordinary least squares (OLS) methods are used for data analysis. The results suggest that mother’s education, child mortality, mother’s age and age at first marriage are important factors in determining the fertility level. Mother’s education, particularly secondary and university education, are found to have a significant negative impact on fertility, whereas child mortality, mother’s age and age at first marriage have significant positive impact on fertility.

scholarly journals Age at First Marriage and Fertility Decline in Dabat Health and Demographic Surveillance System Site, northwest Ethiopia: Decomposition analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nega Mihret Alazbih ◽  
Assefa Hailemariam Kaya ◽  
Mezgebu Yitayal Mengistu ◽  
Kassahun Alemu Gelaye
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Decline ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Demographic Surveillance System ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage

Abstract Background: Fertility declines in Ethiopia have been documented since 1990s. Amhara National Regional State has recorded the most noticeable fertility decline. However, specific factors that explain the incipient course of fertility decline in the study area and their relative contributions were not well investigated. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the factors that contributed for fertility decline, and to assess the variations in fertility that can be attributed to both changes in characteristics and reproductive behaviors of women aged 15–49 years between 2008 and 2014 in Dabat Demographic and Health Surveillance System Site, Northwest Ethiopia.Methods: Cross sectional censuses were carried out in Dabat Health and Demographic Surveillance System site in 2008 and 2014. Data for 4,775 and 10,807 women with reproductive age in 2008 and 2014 were used for the analysis. Poisson regression model was employed to assess the trends of determinants of fertility, and Multivariate Decomposition technique was applied to evaluate observed changes in fertility using data from two consecutive cross-sectional censuses of Dabat HDSS conducted in 2008 and 2014.Results: The findings indicated that there was a reduction of an average 640.69 births per 1,000 women of the reproductive age during the year 2014 compared to the year 2008 in the surveillance site (P-value <0.001; 95% CI: -669.5 to -582.4). This overall change in fertility during the study period was attributed to both changing characteristics of women (the distribution effect) (76%) (P-value < 0.001; 95%CI: -524.74, -453.13, and their reproductive behavior (the effect shown by regression coefficients of the variables on the outcome) (24%) (P-value <0.001; 95% CI: -224.36 to -79.14). The drivers of the recent fertility decline during the study period were the shift observed in the age at first marriage, the change in the proportion of currently married women, the shift in women’s birth to later age and the change in women's educational status.Conclusion: This study indicated that the overall reduction in fertility was attributed to both changing characteristics of women and their reproductive behavior. The major contributors to the changes in fertility were the postponing of women’s first marriage to later age and the change in the proportion of currently married women over the study period. Encouraging women to complete at least secondary education are important to increase the age at first marriage and birth which intern accelerate the current fertility transition.

Determinants of cumulative fertility in Kenya

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
William K. A. Agyei ◽  
Joseph Mbamanya
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Fertility Survey ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Main Determinant ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Cumulative Fertility ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Using Data

SummaryThis paper analyses the effects of age at first marriage, level of education, place of residence, marriage disruption, religion, contraceptive use, and work status on cumulative fertility in Kenya, using data from the 1977–78 Kenya Fertility Survey. Age at first marriage is the main determinant of cumulative fertility, but there are significant effects of level of education and marriage disruption. Place of residence is only significant for the Coast province. The implication of the findings is that to promote any real decline in fertility, emphasis should be placed on providing higher education and work opportunities for young women as an alternative to early marriage.

scholarly journals Age at First Marriage and Fertility Decline in Dabat Health and Demographic Surveillance System Site, northwest Ethiopia: Decomposition analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nega Mihret Alazbih ◽  
Assefa Hailemariam Kaya ◽  
Mezgebu Yitayal Mengistu ◽  
Kassahun Alemu Gelaye
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Decline ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Demographic Surveillance System ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage

Abstract Background: Fertility declines in Ethiopia have been documented since 1990s. Amhara National Regional State has recorded the most noticeable fertility decline. However, specific factors that explain the incipient course of fertility decline in the study area and their relative contributions were not well investigated. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the factors that contributed for fertility decline, and to assess the variations in fertility that can be attributed to both changes in characteristics and reproductive behaviors of women aged 15–49 years between 2008 and 2014 in Dabat Demographic and Health Surveillance System Site, Northwest Ethiopia.Methods: Cross sectional censuses were carried out in Dabat Health and Demographic Surveillance System site in 2008 and 2014. Data for 4,775 and 10,807 women with reproductive age in 2008 and 2014 were used for the analysis. Poisson regression model was employed to assess the trends of determinants of fertility, and Multivariate Decomposition technique was applied to evaluate observed changes in fertility using data from two consecutive cross-sectional censuses of Dabat HDSS conducted in 2008 and 2014.Results: The findings indicated that there was a reduction of an average 641 births per 1,000 women of the reproductive age during the year 2014 compared to the year 2008 in the surveillance site (P-value <0.001; 95% CI: -669.5, -582.4). This overall change in fertility during the study period was attributed to both changing characteristics of women (the distribution effect) (78%) (P-value <0.001; 95%CI: -537.65, -462.32), and their reproductive behavior (the effect shown by regression coefficients of the variables on the outcome) (22%) (P-value <0.001; 95% CI: -214.56 to -67.368). The drivers of the recent fertility decline during the study period were the shift observed in the age at first marriage, the change in the proportion of currently married women, the shift in women’s birth to later age and the change in women's educational status.Conclusion: This study indicated that the overall reduction in fertility was attributed to both changing characteristics of women and their reproductive behavior. The major contributors to the changes in fertility were the postponing of women’s first marriage to later age and the change in the proportion of currently married women over the study period. Encouraging women to complete at least secondary education are important to increase the age at first marriage and birth which intern accelerate the current fertility transition.

SOCIAL–DEMOGRAPHIC INFLUENCE ON FIRST BIRTH INTERVAL IN CHINA, 1980–1992

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHENG ZHENZHEN
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
First Birth ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
First Child ◽  
Social Demographic

This study examines the delay between first marriage and first live birth in China among a sample of women who married between 1980 and 1992. Most couples in China only use contraception after the first child is born. Most sample women had their first child within 2 years of marriage. However, there are significant rural–urban differences in the first birth interval, indicating that there was most probably deliberate fertility regulation after marriage among many urban couples. Survival analysis shows that place of residence, level of education, age at first marriage and marriage cohort affect the first birth interval.

Fertility, Nuptiality, and Family Limitation Among the Wends of Serbin, Texas, 1854 to 1920

1988 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Fliess
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Decline ◽  
Marital Fertility ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Birth Intervals ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Family Limitation ◽  
Males And Females

The decline of American fertility on a national scale is a well-known and well-documented phenomenon, but little is known about fertility decline at the community level. Are immigrant groups really different or are they affected by the same factors and respond to them in the same manner as native-born populations? This essay investigates the fertility and nuptiality experience of the Wends of Serbin, Texas using age-specific fertility rates, total marital fertility rates, the index of family limitation, age at last birth, birth intervals and age at first marriage for both males and females. The Wends are shown to have experienced fertility decline in the same magnitude as the rest of the country though they begin and end at higher levels.

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