Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Autoimmune Disease: Background and Current Status, Update Overview of Biotechnological and Biomedical Fields and Future Trends for 3D Models

Hashimoto thyroiditis, also known as chronic autoimmune thyroiditis or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, is an autoimmune illness in which thyroid cells are damaged by immunological mechanisms involving cells and antibodies. Thyroid peroxidase and/or thyroglobulin autoantibodies in the serum are biochemical indicators of the condition, with females having a higher incidence than males and increasing with age. It’s the leading cause of hypothyroidism in affluent countries. Inadequate dietary iodine intake, on the other hand, is the most common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide. The development of antithyroid antibodies that target the thyroid tissue, causing gradual fibrosis, is the pathogenesis of Hashimoto thyroiditis. The diagnosis can be difficult, and as a result, the problem is frequently not detected until late in the disease process. The most prevalent laboratory findings are raised TSH and low thyroxine (T4) levels, as well as enhanced antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies. The pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of Hashimoto thyroiditis are discussed in this article.

Iodine-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Adsorption and desorption of iodine-containing α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (aCCa) matrix species were studied using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The MALDI-TOF MS method showed that ca. 0.8- 1.4 monolayer (~ 100 ppm) of iodine-containing species was adsorbed at the surface and assisted in desorption and ionization of a protein digest peptides or peptides varying in isoelectric potential. At low laser power, desorption of analytes in protonated and sodiated form was observed but not iodine cluster relative to aCCa without iodine, suggesting a two-electron reduction process to form the protonated pseudo molecular ion, although adsorption on the surface would lead to oxidation of iodide to iodine. The addition of iodine to matrix has been demonstrated to greatly facilitate the MALDI-TOF MS process and is a valuable tool when complex protein mixtures need to be analyzed.

Smartphone and Smartwatch for Human Activity Recognition

Human activity recognition (HAR) systems are developed as aspect of a model to allow continual assessment of human behaviors in IoT environments in the areas of ambient assisted living, sports injury detection, elderly care, rehabilitation, and entertainment and close monitoring. Smartphones are already used to recognize activity. Most of the research done in this field placed a restriction on fixing the smartphone securely in a certain location on the human body, along with the machine learning system, to promote the process of classifying raw data from smartphone sensors to human activities. Smartwatches solve this limitation by placing them in a consistent position, which becomes steady and precisely sensitive to body movements. For this experiment, we evaluate both the accelerometer and the gyroscope sensor on the smartphone and the smartwatch, and decide which sensors hybrid does superiorly. Five daily physical human activities are evaluated using five classifiers from WEKA, in addition to Artificial Neural Network (ANN), K- Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms builtin MATLAB 2018a. We used confusion matrix and random simulation to compare the accuracy and efficiency of those models. The results showed that the accelerometer sensors combination has the highest accuracy among other combinations and achieved an overall accuracy of 97.7% using SVM that gives the best performance among all other classifiers.

Microfluidic Live Imaging Technology to Perform Research Activities in 3D Models

Morphological dissimilarity and its evolution over time are one of the most unexpected variations found when comparing cell cultures in 2D and 3D. Monolayer cells appear to flatten in the lower part of the plate, adhering to and spreading in the horizontal plane while not extending vertically. Consequently, cells developed in two dimensions have a forced apex-basal polarity. Co-cultivation and crosstalking between multiple cell types, which control development and formation in the in vivo counterpart, are possible in 3D cultures. With or without a scaffold matrix, 3D model culture may exhibit more in vivo-like morphology and physiology. 3D cultures mimic relevant physiological cellular processes, transforming them into one-of-akind drug screening platforms. The structures and dynamics of regulatory networks, which are increasingly studied with live-imaging microscopy, must be considered to help and guarantee the functional maintenance of a 3D structure. However, commercially available technologies that can be used for current laboratory needs are minimal, despite the need to make it easier to acquire cellular kinetics with high spatial and temporal resolution, in order to improve visual efficiency and, as a result, experimentation performance. The CELLviewer is a newly developed multi-technology instrument that integrates and synchronizes the work of various scientific disciplines. The aim of this study is to test the device using two different models: a single Jurkat cell and an MCF-7 1 spheroid. The two models are loaded into the microfluidic cartridge for each experiment after they have been grown and captured in time-lapse for a total of 4 hours. The samples used are tracked under the operation of the optics after adaptive autofocus, while slipping inside the cartridge chamber and the 3D rotation was successfully obtained experimentally. The MitoGreen dye, a fluorescence marker selectively permeable to live cells, was then used to determine cell viability. To measure the model diameter, construct fluorescence intensity graphs along a straight line passing through the cell, and visualize the spatial fluorescence intensity distribution in 3D, Image J software was used.

Possibility of Estimating the Risk of Falling at the Seat-Off Face While Rising Up from a Chair

It is known that falls in the daily life of the elderly occur frequently during walking and rising up and greatly affect their quality of life. In the previous study we obtained the COG-heel horizontal distance and the COG horizontal velocity when the subjects performed rising up under the “fastest” or “slowest” velocity task. These seat-off parameters which were an indicator of the stability in rising from a chair were defined based on the relationship between them. In this experiment with healthy adults as subjects the seat-off parameters were found to become a different distribution because of the rising up strategies of each subject. Moreover, based on the relationship between the seat-off parameters and motor function, they could become an index expressing current fall risk and predicting future fall risk.

Establishment of BM-TRIZ Biomedical Inventive Principles and Design-thinking Methods for Innovative Design of Medical Devices Based on A New Polymeric Biomaterial Containing Polyvinyl Alcohol Foam via an Air-foaming Procedure

A new biomaterial containing polyvinyl alcohol foam with a fully open-cell microstructure would be designed and prepared via air-foaming procedure in this study. The resulting biomaterials might provide several functional properties for various clinic potential applications. Also, the resulting biomaterial containing polyvinyl alcohol foam could be employed to prepare a series of new medical device for the clinic potential applications. Further, a systematic design-thinking method for innovative design of medical device would be built up and provided. A series of new medical devices would be designed and obtained.

Evaluation of Stress Biomakers (Cytokines) in Presence of Unpredictable Chronic Stress (UCS) in Sprague Dawley Rats after Treatment with the Biofield Energy Treated Novel Proprietary Test Formulation

Unpredictable chronic stress (UCS) model was used to evaluate the effect of Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment (the Trivedi Effect®) on a novel test formulation in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats for the estimation of serum cytokines such as TNF-Alpha, IFN-Gamma, IL-6, and IL-2, along with C-reactive protein (CRP) using ELISA assay. A test formulation was formulated including minerals (calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, selenium, and zinc), vitamins (ascorbic acid, alpha tocopherol, cholecalciferol, cyanocobalamin, and pyridoxine HCl), cannabidiol isolate, Panax ginseng extract, and β-carotene. The constituents of the test formulation were divided into two parts; one part of each ingredient was defined as the untreated test formulation, while the other parts and three groups of animal received Biofield Energy Healing Treatment remotely by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi. The cytokines estimation results showed that the level of IL-2 was reduced by 14.2% in Biofield Energy Treatment per se to the rats (G6) group as compared with the disease control group (G2). TNF-α level in serum was decreased by 11% in the G6 group as compared with the G2 group. IL-6 level in serum was decreased by 21.7%, 30.8%, 16.3%, 10.1%, and 13.4% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared with the G2. However, IFN-γ level was decreased by 18.3% and 11% in the G6 and G9 groups, respectively as compared with the G4. Similarly, CRP level was significantly decreased by 25.8%, 15.2%, and 14.6% in the G5, G6, and G7 groups respectively, as compared with the G4. All-inclusive, Mr. Trivedi’s Biofield Energy Healing Treatment/Blessing per se along with other preventive treatment groups showed a significant impact on various inflammatory disorders (gout, inflammatory arthritis myositis, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, etc.). Therefore, the outcomes could be slowdown the stress-related disease progression and its complications/symptoms in the preventive maintenance groups (viz. G6, G7, G8, and G9).

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in African American Men Merits Greater Consideration in Academic Medicine

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, which is highly prevalent in aging men. This process of benign prostate enlargement is known to occur more rapidly in African American men, which has resulted in a disproportionately increased prevalence relative to the general population. In the United States, the cause of this disproportionately increased risk in African Americans is believed to be due to both genetic factors as well as a complex myriad of variables related to health disparities. Despite a robust increase in research related to prostate cancer in African American men, the issue of BPH/LUTS in the African American community deserves equally increased attention in academic medicine. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief review of the medical literature on BPH/LUTS in the African American community to highlight unknown components of the disease and to demonstrate the need for more equitable urologic healthcare.

Impact of Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on the Isotopic Abundance Ratio of Sulfamethoxazole Using LC-MS and GC-MS Spectrometry

Sulfamethoxazole is a sulfonamide bacteriostatic antibiotic which is commonly used for the treatment of infections caused by bacteria. In this study, the impact of the Trivedi Effect®-Biofield Energy Healing Treatment on the structural properties and the isotopic abundance ratio of sulfamethoxazole was studied using LC-MS and GC-MS spectroscopy. Sulfamethoxazole sample was divided into two parts, one part of sulfamethoxazole was considered as control (no Biofield Energy Treatment was provided), while the second part was received the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment remotely by a famous Biofield Energy Healer, Dahryn Trivedi and termed as a treated sample. The LC-MS spectra of both the samples at retention time (Rt ) 2.5 minutes exhibited the mass of the deprotonated molecular ion peak at m/z 252 [M-H]- . The peak area of the treated sulfamethoxazole was significantly increased by 42.96% compared to the control sample. The LC-MS based isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/ PM in the treated sulfamethoxazole was significantly decreased by 49.56% compared with the control sample. Thus, 13C, 2 H, 15N, 17O, and 33S contributions from (C10H10N3 O3 S)- to m/z 253 in the treated sample were significantly decreased compared with the control sample. The GC-MS peak area% of the treated sample was significantly increased by 80.3% compared to the control sample. The GC-MS based isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM and PM+2/PM in the treated sulfamethoxazole was significantly altered by 119.53% and -25.48%, respectively compared with the control sample. Hence, 13C, 2 H, 15N, 17O, 18O, 33S, and 34S contributions from (C10H11N3 O3 S)+ to m/z 254 and 255 in the treated sample were significantly altered compared with the control sample. The isotopic abundance ratios of PM+1/PM (2 H/1 H or 13C/12C or 15N/14N or 17O/16O or 33S/32S) and PM+2/ PM (18O/16O or 34S/32S) in the treated sulfamethoxazole were significantly altered compared to the control sample. It can be assumed that the changes in peak area%, isotopic abundance, and mass peak intensities could be due to changes in nuclei possibly through the interference of neutrino particles via the Trivedi Effect®. The new form of sulfamethoxazole would be more efficacious pharmaceutical formulations that might offer better solubility, dissolution, absorption, bioavailability and therapeutic response against urinary tract infections, tuberculosis, traveler’s diarrhoea, ear infections, shigellosis, bronchitis, and pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, etc.

Bacterial Synthesis of Nanoparticles: Current Trends in Biotechnology and Biomedical Fields

On estimation scales ranging from 0.1 nm to 100 nm, the nanoscale is part of the capacitance components of the physicalsynthetic and natural environment. Dimensionality, morphology, structure, uniformity, and agglomeration are all used to classify nanoparticles. Its functionality and effect on the environment and species are influenced by its shape and morphology. The priority research is to determine the effects of nanoparticles on any biological entity that is necessary when designing nanotechnology-based biotechnological and biomedical products. Bacteria have a remarkable ability to reduce metal ions, making them one of the most promising candidates for nanoparticle biosynthesis. Nanoparticles have been researched in the biomedical field for antimicrobial, biosensor, diagnostic imaging, and drug delivery applications. These natural technologies appear to be capable of producing stable nanoparticles with well-defined dimensions, morphologies, and compositions by optimizing reaction conditions and selecting the best bacteria. This work includes a list of the most commonly used microorganisms and associated Nanoparticles, as well as a discussion of current biotechnology and biomedical developments.