An Economic Study on Income and Expenditure Activities on Nochikuppam Slum Areas, Chennai City

The dimension of the slums is presumed as something that is deteriorating urban areas that is densely populated and contains dilapidated housing, often in multiple occupations, poverty, social disadvantage and other forms of physical and social deprivation. Urbanization is a global phenomenon experienced by economically advanced as well as developing countries. Rapid urbanization due to “pull factor” or the employment opportunity created in the city and “push factor” due to the lack of the same in rural areas and including environmental degradation, has attracted immigrants not only from the rural Tamil Nadu but also from other parts of the country. Growth of industrialization around the Chennai city, famine situation in the rural area, inadequate rain in the rural area, castism, rapidly and vast building construction activity in and around the city and information technology parks, has given surety for skilled, unskilled, semi-skilled jobs which are available to the deserving people. Most of the immigrated families who could not afford formal housing satisfy their need for housing by occupying available vacant land illegally and solving their housing problem and contribute to the creation of slums. In this study mainly aims to the income and expenditure activities of the Nochikuppam slum areas in Chennai city.

An Appraisal of Husband’s Support for Contraceptive Use in Low Resource Setting of Chattogram City, Bangladesh

This study aimed to explore the current status concerning the roles of husbands in family planning and to identify the associated factors in the slum areas of Chattogram city in Bangladesh. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the women living in different slums (N = 400) of Chattogram city. Data were collected using a structured and facilitator-administered questionnaire. Cross tabulation with chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 24.0. This study revealed that 70.5% of the husbands supported wives’ contraceptive use. This study explored that husbands’ having education (OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.42-4.22), having two children (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.18-0.76) and more than two children (OR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.09-0.50), more utility facility in the slum areas (OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.15-4.68), a good relationship between husband and wife (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.13-3.44), commencing reproductive health communication after the birth of the second child (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.19-0.99), respondents’ having moderate knowledge on RH (OR =4.46, 95% CI: 2.10-9.46) and husbands’ visiting any health center to take wives’ reproductive health care (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.06-4.09) were the predictors for supporting their wives in terms of contraceptive use.

The Impact of Preventive Interventions on Intimate Partner Violence among Pregnant Women Resident in Hamadan City Slum Areas Using the PEN-3 Model: Control Randomized Trial Study

Background: Intimate partner violence is a severe life-threatening criminal and public health problem affecting the well-being of individuals, families, and society. Planning interventions to reduce the burden of this persistent and criminal violence should be relevant culturally and socially.Methods: In this randomized control trial, 150 pregnant women residing in slum areas of Hamadan were randomly assigned to two groups (intervention group: n=50 and control group: n=100). Interventional strategies included educating the victims based on local cultural norms, culturally sensitive individual and group counseling, and educating health care providers. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews at baseline and again at 3 months after the intervention. We used a paired t-test to evaluate the effect of the intervention by comparing changes in the outcomes measured.Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups at baseline in terms of sociodemographic characteristics. Post-test scores of knowledge (7.50±2.65 vs. 5.14±3.51, P=0.001), communication skills (18.38±4.25 vs. 16.2±3.83, P=0.04), and family support and social expectation of obedience (15.79±4.45 vs. 13.40±4.57, P=0.005) of the victims were statistically significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group. Moreover, physical (0.74±2.28 vs. 1.20±2.60, P=0.06), psychological (2.80±4.10 vs. 4.52±5.43, P=0.06), and sexual (0.11±0.58 vs. 0.61±1.22, P=0.04) violence reduced in the experimental group compared to the control group.Conclusion: Culturally relevant interventions can reduce intimate partner violence.

Hazard Level of Slum Areas in Palembang City

The study aimed to identify the hazard level distribution in the slum areas in Palembang City. The research was a quantitative type with 382 families that live in the slums as the samples. The data were collected using proportional area random sampling and analyzed using the K-means Cluster test through SPSS 23. Spatial analysis through Arcgis was conducted to complete the understanding of the hazard distribution in the slum areas. The results showed that the hazard clusters formed by 64 areas could be categorized into three: low, medium, high. High level of hazards, reaching the one-third portion of the areas, dominated the slums in Palembang City. The cluster with a high hazard level was mostly in the city center, which was geographically located on the riverbanks, causing the areas to be vulnerable to flood, diseases, and crimes. The city center was known to offer high numbers of the job vacancy. People in the slums working in the city center were day laborers.

Slum Handling Strategy Based On Community Social Economic Characteristics In The Slum Area In Bantaeng Sub-District, Bantaeng District, South Sulawesi

Bantaeng District is one of the sub-districts in Bantaeng Regency, South Sulawesi Province, with a slum settlement problem. The increase in slum areas between 2014-2019 by 132.58 hectares shows the need for more effective treatment, which focuses on improving social and economic aspects to prevent the emergence of new slum settlements. This study aims to identify the socio-economic characteristics of the community in the slum area and formulate a slum management strategy. The results showed that, in general, the socio-economic characteristics of the people in the slum areas were shallow, including the level of education, most of whom only graduated from elementary school, work as laborers and farmers, and income ranged from Rp. 800,000 - Rp. 1,400,000 per month, with most of the land they occupy without ownership documents or are illegal. However, there are several better socio-economic conditions, such as the head of the family mostly still productive, the density of occupancy, which is mostly still above 7m2, adequate drinking water and sanitation facilities, and ownership of mostly self-owned buildings. Strategies that can be implemented are to encourage the improvement of the socio-economic quality of the community, involve the community in slum handling actions, and make the slum eradication program a priority program of the regional government.

Future Guanabara Bay Clean-up: Rio de Janeiro’s Hillslope Favelas Ought to Be its Amicable Pinnacles

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> This article brings a social discussion about the surroundings of Guanabara Bay, showing that there are technological instruments capable of promoting citizenship and quality of life for the inhabitants of the slum areas. The work is part of the collection of published studies on the Guanabara Bay edited by the electronic journal CALIBRE, integrating a fundamental legacy for future projects in urban ecology.</p><p><strong>Key words:</strong> <em>favelas</em>, escalators, Guanabara Bay, Macro-Imagineering, <em>asfaltos</em>, <em>favelados</em>.</p><p>================================================================== </p><p><strong>Resumo:</strong> O presente artigo traz uma discussão social acerca do entorno da Baía de Guanabara, mostrando que há instrumentos tecnológicos capazes de promover cidadania e qualidade de vida para os habitantes das áreas favelizadas. O trabalho se insere na coleção de estudos sobre a Baía de Guanabara publicados no periódico eletrônico CALIBRE, integrando legado fundamental para futuros projetos em ecologia urbana.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> favelas, <em>escalators</em>, Baía de Guanabara, <em>Macro-Imagineering</em>, asfaltos, favelados.</p>

A cross sectional study to determine the sociodemographic profile and study prevalence of chronic noncommunicable diseases in an urban slum of Mumbai

Background: Mumbai is the economic capital of India. According to 2011 census, 41.84% of total population of Mumbai city resides in slum areas; chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide especially in developing countries where it has a huge impact on socioeconomic dynamics of the country and quality of life of its people.Methods: This was a retrospective cross sectional community level study based on family assessment survey records filled by undergraduate medical students as a part of their curriculum. The survey was conducted over the period of 1 years from August 2017 to July 2018 on 300 families residing in 3 slums in the field practice area of Cooper Hospital in Mumbai.Results: The total population was 1533, 720 were female and 813 were male. 417out of 1533 individuals were known cases of chronic noncommunicable diseases and were on treatment for the same, thus prevalence of chronic noncommunicable disease was 27.20%. There was significant association between age and prevalence of chronic noncommunicable disease (p<0.05) in the given population.Conclusions: The slum areas will continue to expand along with economic and industrial development. Growing number of slums constitute a major challenge to development of the community. The result emphasizes the need to implement measures to improve sanitation and hygiene of slums along with improvement of health coverage in these areas for early detection and treatment of NCDs.