A note on the influence of stage of lactation on the response in the lactose content of milk to a change of plane of energy nutrition in the cow

1972 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Dawson ◽  
J. A. F. Rook
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Friesian Cows

SummaryThree groups of Friesian cows, one of cows in early lactation, one of cows in mid-lactation and one of cows in late lactation, received over successive 4-week periods according to a double changeover Latin square design, rations providing a low, a normal and a high plane of energy nutrition. With the group of cows in early lactation the treatments were repeated again in mid-lactation and in late lactation.In all experimental groups there were increases and decreases in the treatment mean values for milk yield and solids-not-fat, protein and lactose contents, in response respectively to overfeeding and to underfeeding. The responses in lactose content in early and mid-lactation were small (overfeeding, 0·00 to +0·06 percentage units; underfeeding, −0·01 to −0·08 percentage units) and less than those in protein content, whereas in late lactation they were larger (overfeeding, +0·09 to +0·14 percentage units; underfeeding, −0·13 to −0·19 percentage units) and of the similar size to those in protein content.

Effect of level of meat-and-bone meal and pasture type on milk yield and composition of cows grazing tropical pastures

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
TM Davison ◽  
WD Jarrett ◽  
R Clark
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Tropical Grass ◽  
Friesian Cows

An experiment was conducted with Holstein-Friesian cows to determine the effect on milk yield and composition of feeding different amounts of meat-and-bone meal (MBM). Thirty-two cows grazed either tropical grass pastures fertilised with nitrogen (GN) or tropical grass-legume pasture (GL). Cows were offered 2.5 kg DM/day of a molasses supplement incorporating 1 of 4 levels of MBM: 0, 250, 500 or 750 g DM/day. The experiment was conducted over the first 160 days of lactation. With GN pastures, fat-corrected milk (FCM) yield (kg/cow.day) for days 1-160 of lactation was linearly related to the intake of MBM (kg DM/cow.day) and was described by the equation FCM = 14.0 + 1.84 MBM (P<0.01, R2 = 0.95). Most of this response occurred in the first 100 days of lactation, when significant I (P<0.05) relationships between milk yield, FCM yield and intake of MBM were found. Milk yield and FCM yield of cows grazing grass-legume pastures were increased by feeding MBM, but the FCM response was a mean of 32% less than with the nitrogen-fertilised pasture and non-significant at the 5% confidence level. The following mean values over 160 days were recorded for cows on GN and GL pastures, respectively: milk yield, 15.8 and 17.4 kg/day; FCM yield, 14.6 and 16.7 kg/day; butterfat, 3.54 and 3.69%; solids-not-fat, 8.40 and 8.59%; lactose, 4.91 and 4.95%. It was concluded that a MBM supplement will increase the milk yield for cows grazing nitrogen-fertilised pastures, but only during early lactation.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the freezing point of milk from Polish Holstein-Friesian cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 873-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Otwinowska-Mindur ◽  
Ewa Ptak ◽  
Agnieszka Grzesiak
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Friesian Cows

Abstract The objective of this study was to estimate the influence of lactation number, month of milk sampling, lactation stage and herd size on the freezing point of milk of Polish Holstein‑Friesian cows. Data comprised 4,719,787 milk samples from the first seven lactations of 752,770 Polish Holstein- Friesian cows. Milk freezing point (MFP), milk yield, and fat and protein content were analyzed. The mean MFP of milk samples (-0.5326°C) as well as more than 92% of all milk samples did not exceed the quality limit for the freezing point of cows′ raw milk, which, following Polish standards, was taken to be -0.52°C. The freezing point of milk samples, milk yield, fat and protein content were highly significantly affected by all examined factors: month of sampling, successive lactations, stage of lactation, and herd size. MFP was lowest in milk samples taken from January to March, and highest in samples from November to December. MFP increased with lactation number. Mean MFP decreased with time within lactation, except the first stage (5-35 days in milk). Generally, MFP was highest in small herds (up to 9 cows) and lowest in large herds (more than 150 cows).

The responses in milk solids-not-fat and protein contents to improved feeding of cows receiving winter-stall diets and underfed for varying periods

1974 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Wright ◽  
J. A. F. Rook ◽  
P. D. P. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Normal Feeding ◽  
Milk Solids ◽  
Friesian Cows

SummaryThe effect of varying periods of energy undernutrition on milk yield and composition was determined in 30 British Friesian cows receiving a typical winterstall diet. An absence of steaming-up, and underfeeding from the beginning of lactation, depressed both milk yield and solids-not-fat (SNF) content, especially in early lactation. Initially the reduction in milk SNF content was accounted for mainly by a loss in lactose content, but as lactation progressed this effect lessened and an effect on milk protein content was established. Protein content was similarly depressed by underfeeding in mid-lactation. The restoration of normal feeding in mid-lactation after varying periods of underfeeding was associated with only small responses in SNF and protein contents.The effect of the type of basal diet and supplementary concentrates on the extent of the increase in SNF and protein contents in response to improved feeding was examined in 2 further experiments. Responses were in all instances small and it was concluded that with the diets commonly in use in Great Britain the provision during the winter period of supplementary concentrates, whatever their composition, is unlikely to give a marked improvement in milk SNF or protein contents.

The effect of space allowance and milk yield level on the performance and behaviour of dairy cattle housed in straw yards

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 108-108
Author(s):  
J. A. Fregonesi ◽  
J.D. Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Ways Of Coping ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Face Width ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Friesian Cows

Space allowance could be an important variable affecting production, health, reproductive performance and behaviour of dairy cattle. Also, high and low yielding cows may have different ways of coping with insufficient space allowance. The aim of this experiment was to study the influence of space allowance and milk yield level on the performance and behaviour of strawyard housed dairy cows.The experiment was carried out using 24 Holstein Friesian cows with two groups in early lactation of high (over 30 kg/day milk yield) and two groups in late lactation of low yield (under 25 kg/day milk yield). The groups were allocated to strawyard systems with low stocking density (bed area/cow = 9 m2; pen area/cow = 13.5 m2; feed face width/cow = 1.5 m) or high stocking density (bed area/cow = 4.5 m2; pen area/cow = 6.75 m2; feed face width/cow = 0.75m) conforming to a changeover design with two periods, each of four weeks. The cows were fed a total mixed ration ad libitum and 2kg/cow/day of concentrate in the milking parlour. All animals were milked twice daily.

scholarly journals An examination of two concentrate allocation strategies which are based on the early lactation milk yield of autumn calving Holstein Friesian cows

animal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 796-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lawrence ◽  
M. O’Donovan ◽  
T.M. Boland ◽  
E. Lewis ◽  
E. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Allocation Strategies ◽  
Friesian Cows

Responses to a long-chain fatty acid supplement fed to dairy cows at two stages of lactation

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
TM Davison ◽  
FP Vervoort ◽  
F Duncalfe
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplement ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Feeding Systems

A group of 36 Holstein-Friesian cows in a commercial dairy herd were used to test the effects on milk yield and composition of feeding 0.5 kg/day of a rumen-inert fat supplement containing long-chain fatty acids, given in addition to their normal ration. The group was divided into early and mid lactation cows, and the effect of the supplement was evaluated over a 12-week period of grazing predominantly kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) pastures. There was a non-significant (P>0.05) trend to increased milk yield for cows in mid lactation (9% or 2.8 kg milk/kg fat supplement), no response in early lactation, and an overall response of 0.8 kg milk/kg fat supplement for all cows. There was no effect (P>0.05) of fat supplement on milk components. The lack of a milk response in the early lactation group is discussed in relation to the protein content of the diet and changes in liveweight. The varied responses with stage of lactation mean that feeding systems that can easily differentiate stages of lactation for cows would be required in dairies.

scholarly journals Effect of age and stage of lactation on the simple and partial correlations between the yield and the percentages of fat and protein of cow’s milk

1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-165
Author(s):  
Vappu Kossila ◽  
Onerva Hintikka
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Partial Correlations

Coefficients of simple and partial correlations between the milk yield and the percentages of fat and protein in milk were calculated separately for the first-calvers and older cows during the early period of lactation (5—39 days post partum), during a later period (40—360 days p.p.), and during the entire period of lactation, from the data of 1028 milk samples obtained during the indoor-feeding period from 70 different Ayrshire cows belonging to the Viik Experimental Farm dairy herd. Statistical treatment of the data revealed that the milk yield affected the protein content of the milk more than its fat content, especially in the first-calvers. The protein-fat correlation, which was somewhat affected by the milk yield, was generally less close during the early stage of lactation than during its later stage. The percentage of variation in a) the milk yield that was explained by the variations in the percentage of fat and protein, was affected more by age than by the stage of lactation, b) the fat content of milk that was explained by the variations in the milk yield and the protein content of milk, was influenced more by the stage of lactation than by the age of the cow, c) the protein content of milk that was explained by the variations in milk yield and the fat content, was influenced by age as well as by stage of lactation. The equations for estimating theoretically the daily milk yield, the percentage of fat, or the percentage of protein in milk, when two out of the three variables are known, have been presented separately for the first-calvers and for the older cows at early and at later stages as well as during the entire period of lactation. The results of the study indicated that the milk yields and the percentages of fat and protein in milk vary to such an extent independently of each other, even when the age of cows, the stage of lactation, and the season of the year have been taken into consideration, that none of the dependent variables in question could be very closely estimated on the basis of knowing two of the independent variables.

The effect of space allowance and milk yield level on the performance and behaviour of dairy cattle housed in straw yards

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 108-108
Author(s):  
J. A. Fregonesi ◽  
J.D. Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Ways Of Coping ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Face Width ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Friesian Cows

Space allowance could be an important variable affecting production, health, reproductive performance and behaviour of dairy cattle. Also, high and low yielding cows may have different ways of coping with insufficient space allowance. The aim of this experiment was to study the influence of space allowance and milk yield level on the performance and behaviour of strawyard housed dairy cows.The experiment was carried out using 24 Holstein Friesian cows with two groups in early lactation of high (over 30 kg/day milk yield) and two groups in late lactation of low yield (under 25 kg/day milk yield). The groups were allocated to strawyard systems with low stocking density (bed area/cow = 9 m2; pen area/cow = 13.5 m2; feed face width/cow = 1.5 m) or high stocking density (bed area/cow = 4.5 m2; pen area/cow = 6.75 m2; feed face width/cow = 0.75m) conforming to a changeover design with two periods, each of four weeks. The cows were fed a total mixed ration ad libitum and 2kg/cow/day of concentrate in the milking parlour. All animals were milked twice daily.

Depression in silage intake by infusion of propionate into the rumen of the dairy cow

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 76-76
Author(s):  
M.H. Anil ◽  
J.N. Mbanya ◽  
J.H. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Sodium Propionate ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Post Infusion ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Friesian Cows

It is important to understand the factors which limit forage intake in ruminants. Most work carried out on sheep has now been extended to the dairy cow. The effects and possible roles of the short chain fatty acids In the control of forage intake in the dairy cow, in particular, hay intake have already been reported (Mbanya, 1988). One of the factors in question is propionate which depresses intake when given intraportally in sheep, but hay intake in the dairy cow was not affected by intraruminal propionate. The aim of this study was to test the role of propionate in the control of silage intake which has economical importance in the dairy industry.Five rumen fistulated Friesian cows in early lactation (mean yield 25 kg/day) were used in a Latin-square experiment and individually fed grass silage (DM: 229g/kg; CP: 158g/kg DM; MAD fibre = 349g/kg DM; ether extract: 42g/kg DM; ash: 96g/kg DM) ad libitum plus 6 kg of concentrate fed twice daily. 3h intraruminal infusions of the following were made on different days: Control (no infusion), 4,6 and 8 moles of sodium propionate in 41 water. Silage intake was measured during the 3h and for 2h post-infusion.

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