Lactoferrin concentrations in bovine milk prior to dry-off

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari A Newman ◽  
Päivi J Rajala-Schultz ◽  
Jeffrey Lakritz ◽  
Fred J DeGraves
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Intramammary Infections ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Iron Binding Protein ◽  
High Concentrations

Concentration of natural protective factors (NPFs) which have the ability to inhibit growth of mastitis-causing pathogens increase rapidly following the cessation of milking of dairy cows. One such NPF is lactoferrin, an iron-binding protein present in high concentrations in dry-cow secretions. Earlier studies have demonstrated that intermittent milking at the end of lactation increases levels of NPFs in milk and may decrease prevalence of intramammary infections at calving; however, most of these studies date back several decades and may not apply to current high-producing cows. The objective of this study was to assess whether an intermittent milking schedule prior to dry-off increases the concentration of lactoferrin in mammary secretions at the end of lactation and what other factors influence lactoferrin concentration at dry-off. One week prior to dry-off (pre-dry), cows were randomly assigned to an intermittent milking schedule or they continued to be milked twice daily. Duplicate quarter milk samples for microbiological culture were taken at pre-dry and at dry-off to determine infection status of quarters. Quarter somatic cell counts (SCC) were measured on the day of dry-off. Lactoferrin concentrations were quantified by ELISA. Intermittent milking, mean SCC for the last three months prior to dry-off, SCC at dry-off, lactoferrin concentration at pre-dry, quarter infection status at pre-dry and dry-off, days in milk at dry-off, breed, parity, cumulative milk yield for the final week of lactation and season were considered as potential explanatory variables. Their effect on lactoferrin concentration at dry-off was assessed using a mixed-effects linear regression model. Lactoferrin concentration increased significantly during the final week of lactation for cows on an intermittent milking schedule and was significantly associated with initial lactoferrin concentration and infection status at dry-off.

scholarly journals Comparison of systemic and intramammary dry cow treatments

2013 ◽  
pp. 3259-3264 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Andres Contreras B ◽  
Walter M. Guterbock ◽  
Juan Muñoz R ◽  
Phillip M. Sears
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Intramammary Infections ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Dairy Herd Improvement Association

ABSTRACTObjective. To compare four different dry cow treatments (DCT) and establish their effectiveness in reducing intramammary infections (IIM). Materials and methods. DCTs included systemic tylosin (12g) alone or accompanied by cefapirine intramammary infusions and or an internal teat sealant. A total number of 278 cows at the end of lactation period were randomly assigned to one of 4 dry cow treatment groups: CESE Group (n=89), intramammary cephapirin and teat sealant. TYCESE Group (n=84), intramammary cephapirin, tylosin 12 g intramuscular and teat sealant. TYSE Group (n=86), 12 g intramuscular tylosin and teat sealant; TY Group (n=76) 12 g intramuscular tylosin only. Milk samples for culture were collected at dry-off and 1 and 2 weeks after calving. Somatic cell counts (SCC) were taken from Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHI) tests at dry-off, and the first two test days after calving. Results. Bacteria cure rate for Gram-positive intramammary infections (IMI) for TYCESE group was 93.6%, CESE group 78.9%, TYSE group 88.2%, and TY group 78.1%. All four groups showed a decrease in the SCC upon the first and second test after calving. Conclusions. The use of systemic tylosin in combination with intramammary antibiotics increased DCT effectiveness improving the Gram-positive cure rate IMI. Furthermore, systemic tylosin alone plus teat sealant is as effective as cephapirin plus teat sealant when used as DCT.

Frequency of individual udder quarters with elevated CMT scores in cows' milk samples with low somatic cell counts

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (7) ◽  
pp. 213-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Berglund ◽  
G. Pettersson ◽  
K. Svennersten‐Sjaunja ◽  
K. Östensson
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts

scholarly journals Rapid Detection of Mycoplasma bovis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae in Cattle Bulk Tank Milk in Cyprus and Relations with Somatic Cell Counts

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Maria Liapi ◽  
George Botsaris ◽  
Costas Arsenoglou ◽  
Nikolas Markantonis ◽  
Christodoulos Michael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Tank

One hundred and seventy-seven (177) bulk tank milk samples were analyzed with a commercially available real-time polymerase chain reaction kit and 11 (6.21%), 41 (23.16%), and 58 (32.77%) tested positive for Mycoplasma bovis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus agalactiae, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between the presence of S. aureus and S. agalactiae. Enumeration of somatic cells was performed in the same samples by flow cytometry. The somatic cell counts were found higher in S. aureus and S. agalactiae positive samples. No association was found between M. bovis presence and somatic cells counts. Low internal assay control Ct values were found to be related with high somatic cell counts. Noticeably, this is the first report for the presence of M. bovis in Cyprus. Therefore, its presence was confirmed by bulk tank milk culture, conventional PCR, and next generation sequencing. Furthermore, M. bovis was typed with multilocus sequencing typing and was allocated to sequence type 29 (ST 29). Real-time PCR in bulk tank milk samples is a useful tool to detect mammary infections, especially for neglected pathogens such as M. bovis.

scholarly journals Prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci in bovine mastitis in Zimbabwe

2002 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kudinha ◽  
C. Simango
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci in clinical and subclinical mastitis in commercial and small-scale farms in Zimbabwe. Thirty five quarter milk samples from clinical mastitis cases and 371 quarter milk samples from cows with subclinical mastitis were cultured for bacterial pathogens. The most frequent pathogens isolated in clinical mastitis were the enteric bacteria (31.4 %), followed by coagulase negative staphylococci (22.9 %) and then Staphylococcus aureus (17.1 %), whereas in subclinical mastitis S. aureus (34.2 %) and coagulase-negative staphylococci were (33.2 %) the most common. Bacillus species were only isolated in milk samples from subclinical mastitis. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were observed in mixed infections with other bacteria in only 2.2 % of the 406 milk samples from clinical and subclinical mastitis where they were isolated together with Bacillus species in 6 of the 9 mixed infection cases. About 95 % of the milk samples from which 131 coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated had correspondingly high somatic cell counts. The coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated most frequently were S. chromogenes (7.9 %), S. epidermidis (7.4 %) and S. hominis (5.9 %). They were all associated with high somatic cell counts. All the coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates were susceptible to cloxacillin and erythromycin, and more than 90 %of the isolates were susceptible to neomycin, penicillin and streptomycin. The highest resistance was to tetracycline (17.6 %), followed by lincomycin (13.7 %). About 8 % of the isolates were resistant to both penicillin and streptomycin.

Intramammary infections and somatic cell counts in meat and pelt producing ewes with clinically healthy udders

2017 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ylva Persson ◽  
Ann-Kristin Nyman ◽  
Lennart Söderquist ◽  
Nicolina Tomic ◽  
Karin Persson Waller
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Intramammary Infections ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts

Effects of the CSN1AG allele on the clotting time of cow milk and on the rheological properties of rennet-curd

2001 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRIMO MARIANI ◽  
ANDREA SUMMER ◽  
PAOLA DI GREGORIO ◽  
ANDREA RANDO ◽  
ENRICO FOSSA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Rennet Coagulation

The aim of this research was to study the effects of the CSN1AG allele on the main rennet coagulation properties of milk. The study was carried out on individual milk samples with low αs1-casein obtained from 19 Italian Brown cows heterozygous for the CSN1AG allele (seventeen CSN1A BG and two CSN1A CG) from four herds in the province of Parma (Italy). Control cows (sixteen CSN1A BB and three CSN1A BC) giving milk with normal αs1-casein levels were chosen from within the same herds in order to establish pairs of cows with identical environment and management conditions, and comparable lactation stages and numbers. Individual milk samples from single pairs of cows with somatic cell counts and lactose and chloride levels within the normal ranges were collected and analysed in parallel. Rennet coagulation properties of milk were analysed using Formagraph and Gel Tester. Milk from low αs1-casein cows was characterized by lower casein content, lower titratable acidity and a higher proportion of κ-casein in total casein. The clotting time of this milk was ∼ 23% lower than that obtained with milk from normal αs1-casein cows. Rennet curd from low αs1-casein milk was obtained more rapidly and had a higher final firmness: curd-firming time was ∼ 35% lower and curd firmness measured 30 min after rennet addition was ∼ 27 % higher compared with that for normal αs1-casein milk. In addition, curd from low αs1-casein milk had a higher resistance to compression. These results suggest that, although a role for the CSN2 locus cannot be definitely excluded, the CSN1AG allele can considerably affect the main rennet coagulation properties of milk.

Intramammary infections and risk factors for clinical mastitis in herds with low somatic cell counts in bulk milk

1989 ◽  
Vol 125 (15) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Schukken ◽  
D. Van de Geer ◽  
F. Grommers ◽  
J. Smit ◽  
A. Brand
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Intramammary Infections ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Milk

Accuracy of BRT and Delvotest Microbial Inhibition Tests as Affected by Composition of Ewe's Milk

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAFAEL ALTHAUS ◽  
ANTONIO TORRES ◽  
CRISTOFOL PERIS ◽  
M. CARMEN BELTRAN ◽  
NEMESIO FERNANDEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Microbial Inhibition ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Lactoperoxidase System ◽  
Antimicrobial Residues ◽  
Ewe's Milk ◽  
Positive Results

The presence of drug residues in ewe's milk samples can be determined by microbial assays. The main limitation of these tests is the large number of false-positive results associated with them. False-positive results can be explained by the interaction of certain substances naturally existing in ewe's milk with the growth of the microorganism used in the test. In this study, milk chemical composition (fat, protein, lactose, total solids), somatic cell counts (SCCs), free fatty acid concentrations, and lactoperoxidase system components were determined in order to investigate their influence on the rate of false-positive results for the BRT and Delvotest microbiological inhibitor tests. Milk samples were obtained after morning milking of Manchega ewes at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, and 135 days after parturition. The animals did not receive any kind of treatment or medicated feed throughout the experiment. The false-positive rates for BRT and Delvotest were 3.75 and 2.4%, respectively. When the logistic regression model was applied, the percentages of total solids for positive samples were significantly different from those for negative samples (16.90 versus 18.42% for BRT, 16.05 versus 18.45% for Delvotest), while the SCC logarithmic transformation was significantly higher for the positive samples than for the negative samples (5.38 versus 5.11 log units for BRT, 5.32 versus 5.11 log units for Delvotest). Moreover, Delvotest-positive samples exhibited thiocyanate concentrations higher than those of Delvotest-negative samples (8.18 mg/liter versus 6.85 mg/liter). Further analyses are needed to confirm the possible presence of antimicrobial residues in this particular type of milk sample.

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