Growth hormone gene variability and its effects on milk traits in primiparous Sarda goats

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Dettori ◽  
Angela Maria Rocchigiani ◽  
Sebastiano Luridiana ◽  
Maria Consuelo Mura ◽  
Vincenzo Carcangiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Lactating Goats

The aim of this research was to investigate variability in each of the five exons of the caprine growth hormone (gGH) gene, in order to establish the possible relationships with milk traits in Sarda breed goat. The general linear model procedure was used to analyse the effects of the single strand conformation (SSCP) profiles on milk traits of 100 lactating goats. Analysis of conformational polymorphism at exons 1–5 revealed a total of 25 differing banding patterns. Sequencing revealed 21 nucleotide changes (compared with GenBank D00476): 14 were polymorphic and 7 monomorphic; 19 in exonic regions, 5 of which were nonsynonymous. A SNP upstream of the transcription initiation codon (c.-3A>G) and an indel (c.*29_30insC) in the 3′UTR, were detected. Alignment of 4 cloned sequences including the entire gGH gene led to the identification of 22 nucleotide variations within the intron regions, including two indels. Association analysis revealed that each exon, except exon-1, affected milk yield, exons 1 and 3 influenced milk fat percentage, and all exons, except exon-2, had an effect on protein percentage, supporting previous results in livestock. The variability detected at the caprine GH gene might provide useful information for the phylogeny of ruminants and, more importantly, have implications on the biological function of the growth hormone and on those traits resulting from its physiological action, including milk production and composition. The caprine GH gene may become a useful molecular marker for a more effective genetic selection for milk production traits in goats.

Taql growth hormone gene polymorphism and milk production traits in Holstein-Friesian cattle

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Falaki ◽  
M. Sneyers ◽  
A. Prandi ◽  
S. Massart ◽  
C. Corradini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Substitution Effect ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Frequency Pattern ◽  
Holstein Friesian

AbstractThe positive effect of administration of growth hormone (GH) on milk production and its presence in selected dairy cattle lines of higher GH concentrations prompted an examination of the presence of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in the growth hormone gene using the enzyme Taq/ and to investigate associations between this polymorphism and milk production traits. Blood was sampled from 251 Italian Holstein-Friesian cows. Three fragment bands, arbitrarily denoted A, B and E, of 6·2, 5·2 and 1·9 kilobase (kb), respectively, were observed. Their combinations exhibited six patterns, AA, AB, ABE, AE, BB and BE with frequencies of 64·5, 24·3, 2·4, 6·8, 1·4 and 0·4%, respectively. The statistical analysis was performed using linear mixed animal models. The results indicated an effect of the GHgene polymorphic Taq/restriction fragment on 305-day productions of milk, fat and protein; the low frequency pattern AE showed productions inferior to those for AA or AB patterns. Effect estimates of AA, AB and AE were, respectively, 200 (s.e. 215), 218 (s.e. 267) and -910 (s.e. 380) kg for milk production, 7·75 (s.e. 7·98), 16·10 (s.e. 9·79) and -22·14 (s.e. 14·42) kg for fat production, and 6·78 (s.e. 6·21), 8·57 (s.e. 7·58) and -20·74 (s.e. 11·14) kg for protein production. The average substitution effect estimates of E were -891 (s.e. 278), -26·56 (s.e. 10·16) and -24·50 (s.e. 9·43) kg for milk, fat and protein yields, respectively. In conclusion, these results suggest that the E fragment deserves further designed and specific study.

scholarly journals Associations between <i>Leu/Val</i> polymorphism of growth hormone gene and milk production traits in Black-and-White cattle

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dybus
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
White Cattle

Abstract. Associations between polymorphism of the bovine growth hormone (GH) gene (Leu/Val) and milk production traits of Black-and-White cattle with different proportional share of Holstein Friesian genes were analysed. A total of 1086 cows were included in the study. PCR-RFLP method was used for genotyping. The frequencies of genotypes and alleles were as follows: 0.653 for LL genotype, 0.324 for LV and 0.023 for VV, and 0.815 for GHL and 0.185 for GHV. Associations between Leu/Val polymorphism and milk production traits of cows were found only in first lactation. Cows with LL genotype had higher milk, fat and protein yield compared to LV individuals (P ≤ 0.01).

scholarly journals The relation of GH1, GHR and DGAT1 polymorphisms with estimated breeding values for milk production traits of German Holstein sires

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hradecká ◽  
J. Čítek ◽  
L. Panicke ◽  
V. Řehout ◽  
L. Hanusová
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values

: We analysed the relations of estimated breeding values (EBV) of 315 German Holstein sires to their genotypes in growth hormone gene (<i>GH1</i>), growth hormone receptor gene (<i>GHR</i>) and acylCoA-diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (<i>DGAT1</i>). The strong relation of <i>DGAT1 K232A</i> to the estimated breeding values for milk production traits has been confirmed, when allele <i>DGAT1<sup>K</sup></i> was connected with higher milk fat yield, milk fat and milk protein content, while allele <i>DGAT1<sup>A</sup></i> increased milk yield and milk protein yield. The effect of <i>DGAT1</i> genotype explained from 4.70% of variability of EBVs for fat yield to 31.90% of variability of EBVs for fat content. The evaluation of <i>GH1</i> 127 Leu/Val and <i>GHR</i> 257 SNP polymorphisms did not reveal an association of their polymorphism with EBVs for milk production traits, except the EBVs of <i>GHR<sup>G</sup>/GHR<sup>G</sup></i> homozygotes for fat yield, which were significantly lower. The effect of <i>GH1</i> or <i>GHR genotype explained only a negligible portion of variability of EBVs (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> < 1.00% in most cases).

An association analysis between PRL genotype and milk production traits in Italian Mediterranean river buffalo

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Aixin Liang ◽  
Zipeng Li ◽  
Chao Du ◽  
Guohua Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
River Buffalo ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Mediterranean River

This Research Communication describes the association between genetic variation within the prolactin (PRL) gene and the milk production traits of Italian Mediterranean river buffalo (Bufala mediterranea Italiana). High resolution melting (HRM) techniques were developed for genotyping 465 buffaloes. The association of genetic polymorphism with milk production traits was performed and subsequently the effects of parity and calving season were evaluated. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified at exons 2 and 5 and at introns 1 and 2. All the SNPs were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, and statistical analysis showed that the polymorphism of intron1 was significantly (P < 0·05) associated with milk yield, milk protein content and peak milk yield. The average contribution of the intron1 genotype (r2intron1) to total phenotypic variance in milk production traits was 0·09, and the TT genotype showed lower values than CC and CT genotypes. A nonsynonymous SNP was identified in exon 2, which resulted in an amino acid change from arginine to cysteine. Moreover, the polymorphism of exon 2 was associated significantly with milk fat content (P < 0·05), and the buffaloes with TT genotype showed higher total fat content than the buffaloes with CT genotype. These findings provide evidence that polymorphisms of the buffalo PRL gene are associated with milk production traits and PRL can be used as a candidate gene for marker-assisted selection in Italian Mediterranean river buffalo breeding.

Association of the Leu127 variant of the bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene with increased yield of milk, fat, and protein in Australian Holstein-Friesians

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Shariflou ◽  
C. Moran ◽  
F. W. Nicholas
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Trait Locus

The occurrence of the Leu127/Val127 variants of the bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene and their effect on milk production traits was investigated in Australian Holstein-Friesian cattle. Animals were genotyped for the Leu127/Val127 variants, with RFLP methodology, using PCR and AluI digestion of PCR products (AluI-RFLP). Alleles Leu127 and Val127 occurred with frequencies of 82% and 18%, respectively. The quantitative effect of this polymorphic site on milk-production traits was estimated from lactation data and test-day data. Results from the 2 data sets consistently showed that the Leu127 allele is associated with higher production of milk, fat, and protein and is dominant to Val127. The average effects of the gene substitution are 95 L for milk yield, 7 kg for fat yield, and 3 kg for protein yield per lactation. This locus may be directly responsible for quantitative variation or it may be a marker for a closely linked quantitative trait locus (QTL) for milk-production traits in Australian dairy cattle. In either case, it will be useful as an aid to selection for improvement of milk production traits. As the Leu127 allele is dominant, selection of AI sires homozygous for the Leu127 allele (Leu127/Leu127) will result in maximum benefit without the need for genotyping cows.

Season and reproductive status rather than genetic factors influence change in ewe weight and fat over time. 4. Genetic relationships of ewe weight and fat score with fleece, reproduction and milk traits

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 708 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Walkom ◽  
F. D. Brien ◽  
M. L. Hebart ◽  
N. M. Fogarty ◽  
S. Hatcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Fat Score

The profitability of a sheep enterprise is greatly influenced by the ability of the ewe to produce a lamb annually. This paper examines the between- and within-breed association between the liveweight and fat score of the adult ewe and key fleece, reproduction and milk production traits. The study analysed the performance of 2846 first-cross Merino and Corriedale ewes from the maternal central progeny test (MCPT) over their first three production cycles. Breed (9 sire breeds) and within-breed (91 sires) correlations were calculated from bivariate correlations of adult liveweight and fat score with fleece, reproduction and milk production traits. The mean liveweight and fatness of the breeds were low to moderately negatively correlated with greasy fleece weight (–0.55 and –0.25, respectively) and moderate to strongly positively correlated with fibre diameter (0.88 and 0.41, respectively). However, the within-breed correlations were generally low to negligible. The genetic relationships between ewe fat score and reproductive traits at the breed and within-breed level was generally low to negligible and, in some cases, negative under production conditions where the ewes were well managed and averaged a fat score of 3.5 pre-joining and became too fat across the production cycle. Strong breed correlations between ewe fat score and milk fat concentration (0.88) suggest that selection of fatter sire breeds will lead to increased fat in their progenies’ milk, which was associated with larger lambs. The potential advantages of selecting for more fat to improve the maternal performance of the ewe seem to be limited in enterprises where the production system can easily be adjusted to restrict the influence of temporary and long-term feed deficiencies, as was achieved within the MCPT research flocks.

Effect of DGAT1 and TG gene polymorphisms on intramuscular fat and on milk production traits in different cattle breeds in Hungary

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Anton ◽  
Katalin Kovács ◽  
László Fésüs ◽  
József Várhegyi ◽  
László Lehel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
The Difference

The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of the thyroglobulin (TG) locus on beef quality traits in some beef cattle breeds and to investigate the effect of the DGAT1 locus on milk production traits in the Hungarian Holstein Friesian population. TG and DGAT1 genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. At the TG locus TT bulls showed the highest fat percentage values in the longissimus dorsi muscle (m. longissimus dorsi); the difference between CC and TT genotypes was significant. DGAT1 GC/GC cows had the highest milk, fat and protein yield values. Due to the relatively small number of GC/GC cows the difference proved to be significant only between AA/AA and AA/GC genotypes.

The sheep growth hormone gene polymorphism and its effects on milk traits

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Dettori ◽  
Michele Pazzola ◽  
Emanuela Pira ◽  
Pietro Paschino ◽  
Giuseppe Massimo Vacca
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Transcription Factor Binding Site ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Transcription Factor Binding ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Factor Binding Site ◽  
Factor Binding

Growth hormone (GH) is encoded by the GH gene, which may be single copy or duplicate in sheep. The two copies of the sheep GH gene (GH1/GH2-N and GH2-Z) were entirely sequenced in one 106 ewes of Sarda breed, in order to highlight sequence polymorphisms and investigate possible association between genetic variants and milk traits. Milk traits included milk yield, fat, protein, casein and lactose percentage. We evidenced 75 nucleotide changes. Transcription factor binding site prediction revealed two sequences potentially recognised by the pituitary-specific transcription factor POU1FI at the GH1/GH2-N gene, which were lost at the promoter of GH2-Z, which might explain the different tissues of expression of GH1/GH2-N (pituitary) and GH2-Z (placenta). Significant differences in milk traits were observed among genotypes at polymorphic loci only for the GH2-Z gene. Sheep with homozygote genotype ss748770547 CC had higher fat percentage (P < 0·01) than TT. SNP ss748770547 was part of a potential transcription factor binding site for C/EBP alpha (CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein), which is involved in the regulation of adipogenesis and adipoblast differentiation. SNP ss748770547, located in the GH2-Z gene 5′ flanking region, may be a causal mutation affecting milk fat content. These findings might contribute to the knowledge of the sheep GH locus and might be useful in selection processes in sheep.

Single nucleotide polymorphism in STAT5A could not endorse variation in milk production traits in Indian bovine population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhakar Krovvidi ◽  
Thiruvenkadan K. Aranganoor ◽  
Saravanan Ramasamy ◽  
Murali Nagarajan
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Murrah Buffaloes ◽  
Genetic Groups

Abstract The Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5A (STAT5A) gene involved in activating the transcription of milk protein genes was predicted to be influencing milk production traits. The present study was undertaken to investigate the suitability of the polymorphism of STAT5A as a marker for milk traits in Ongole, crossbred cattle and Murrah buffaloes from Southern India. Blood samples (n = 502) for DNA isolation and milk samples (n = 222) from different genetic groups were collected from various farms. The gene variants upon polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) on the exon 7 region of STAT5A were subjected to GLM analysis to evaluate their association with milk production traits. The frequencies of C and T alleles at the STAT5A/AvaI locus were 0.98 and 0.02 (Jersey crossbred), 0.94 and 0.06 [Holstein-Friesian (HF) crossbred], 0.97 and 0.03 (Ongole). T allele was not observed in Murrah buffaloes. The least squares mean lactation milk yield of CC and CT genotypes of STAT5A were 2,096.90 ± 48.63 and 2,294.41 ± 215.85 kg in Jersey crossbred, 2,312.92 ± 91.01 and 2,392.82 ± 207.66 kg in HF crossbred and 528.40 ± 22.10 and 396.37 ± 76.17 kg in Ongole cattle, respectively. The milk fat content of the CC genotype was higher (P > 0.05) in Jersey crossbred cattle. The CT genotypes of Ongole and HF crossbred cattle recorded a higher fat per cent than the CC genotypes. Significant associations were not observed in support of STAT5A as a marker for milk production traits in either Ongole or crossbred cattle of indicine admixture and no reason could be found to consider this locus as universal markers for milk production traits in indicine cattle and buffaloes. Considering the monomorphic nature of the gene in buffaloes and their higher milk fat content as compared to bovine milk, much remains to be explored regarding the underlying differences across the bovine and the bubaline species.

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