scholarly journals Creative Destruction of Industries: Yokohama City in the Great Kanto Earthquake, 1923

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuji Okazaki ◽  
Toshihiro Okubo ◽  
Eric Strobl
Keyword(s):  
Creative Destruction ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Machine Technology ◽  
Kanto Earthquake ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Firm Level Data ◽  
Before And After

The Great Kanto Earthquake occurred on 1 September 1923 and inflicted serious damage on Yokohama City. About 90 percent of the factories in Yokohama City were burnt down or completely destroyed. However, these manufacturing industries appear to have swiftly recovered in the aftermath of the damage. This article investigates the role of creative destruction due to the Great Kanto Earthquake. Using firm-level data on capital (horsepower of motors) before and after the earthquake, we find substantial creative destruction, that is, upgrade of machine technology and/or survival of efficient firms. We find further collaborating evidence of this at the prefecture level.

scholarly journals EXPORT BEHAVIOUR OF MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN INDONESIA, 1990-2000

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-242
Author(s):  
Sahminan Sahminan ◽  
Yati Kurniati
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Ownership ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
Export Behaviour ◽  
Firm Level Data

This paper examines export behaviour of manufacturing firms in Indonesia. We use firm-level data from survey of medium and large Indonesian manufacturing industries over the period 1990-2000. Using panel data regression technique, we find the following regularities. First, there is a persistency in the firm’s decision to export as well as proportion of exported output. Second, higher wage, larger number of production employment, higher productivity and higher share of foreign ownership lead to higher probability of a firm to export. Third, higher wage leads to higher proportion of exported output. However, higher productivity or higher share of foreign ownership leads to lower proportion of exported output. Fourth, while real exchange rate does not significantly affect the probability of firms to export, it significantly affects the proportion of exported output. Fifth, both probability to export and proportion of exported output was significantly much lower during the 1997/1998’s Asian crisis. Finally, looking at the export behaviour across industries, the estimation results show that there is a variation of export behavior across industries.Keywords: Export, manufacture, Indonesia.JEL Classification: F14, F13, D21

Exporting and environmental performance: where you export matters

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan S. Blyde ◽  
Mayra A. Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
High Income ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Percentage Point Increase ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
Firm Level Data ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Relationship

Empirical analyses that rely on micro-level panel data have found that exporters are generally less pollutant than non-exporters. While alternative explanations have been proposed, firm level data has not been used to examine the role of destination markets behind the relationship between exports and pollution. In this paper we argue that because consumers in high-income countries have higher valuations for clean environments than consumers in developing countries, exporters targeting high-income countries are more likely to improve their environmental outcomes than exporters targeting destinations where valuations for the environment are not high. Using a panel of firm-level data from Chile we find support to this hypothesis. A 10 percentage point increase in the share of exports to high-income countries is associated with a reduction in CO2 pollution intensity of about 16%. The results have important implications for firms in developing countries aiming to target high-income markets.

A neglected input to production: the role of ICT-schooled employees in firm performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Hagsten ◽  
Anna Sabadash
Keyword(s):  
Data Sets ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Broadband Internet ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Firm Level Data ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Econometric Approach

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to broaden the perspective on how information and communication technology (ICT) relates to productivity by introducing a novel ICT variable: the share of ICT-schooled employees in firms, an intangible input often neglected or difficult to measure. Design/methodology/approach Based on a Cobb-Douglas production function specification, the association between the share of ICT-schooled employees and firm productivity is estimated by the use of unique comparable multi-linked firm-level data sets from statistical offices in six European countries for the period of 2001-2009. Findings There are indications that the share of ICT-schooled employees significantly and positively relates to productivity, and also that this relationship is generally more persistent than that of ICT intensity of firms, measured as the proportion of broadband internet-enabled employees. However, the strength of the association varies across countries and demonstrates that underlying factors, such as industry structure and institutional settings might be of importance too. Research limitations/implications Data features and the way to access harmonised firm-level data across countries affect the choice of econometric approach and output variable. Practical implications The results emphasise the importance of specific ICT skills in firms independently of where in the organisation the employee works. Originality/value Studies on associations between employees with specific (higher) education based on formal credentials and productivity are rare. Even more uncommon is the cross-country setting with harmonised data including general ICT intensity of firms.

scholarly journals Cross-Country Differences in Productivity: The Role of Allocation and Selection

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Bartelsman ◽  
John Haltiwanger ◽  
Stefano Scarpetta
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Firms ◽  
Fixed Capital ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Firm Level Data ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Cross Country

This paper investigates the effect of idiosyncratic (firm-level) policy distortions on aggregate outcomes. Exploiting harmonized firm-level data for a number of countries, we show that there is substantial and systematic cross-country variation in the within-industry covariance between size and productivity. We develop a model in which heterogeneous firms face adjustment frictions (overhead labor and quasi-fixed capital) and distortions. The model can be readily calibrated so that variations in the distribution of distortions allow matching the observed cross-country moments. We show that the differences in the distortions that account for the size-productivity covariance imply substantial differences in aggregate performance. (JEL D24, L25, O47)

scholarly journals PERILAKU EKSPOR PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR DI INDONESIA, 1990-2000

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-259
Author(s):  
Sahminan Sahminan ◽  
Yati Kurniati
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Ownership ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
Export Behaviour ◽  
Firm Level Data

This paper examines export behaviour of manufacturing firms in Indonesia. We use firm-level data from survey of medium and large Indonesian manufacturing industries over the period 1990-2000. Using panel data regression technique, we find the following regularities. First, there is a persistency in the firm’s decision to export as well as proportion of exported output. Second, higher wage, larger number of production employment, higher productivity and higher share of foreign ownership lead to higher probability of a firm to export. Third, higher wage leads to higher proportion of exported output. However, higher productivity or higher share of foreign ownership leads to lower proportion of exported output. Fourth, while real exchange rate does not significantly affect the probability of firms to export, it significantly affects the proportion of exported output. Fifth, both probability to export and proportion of exported output was significantly much lower during the 1997/1998’s Asian crisis. Finally, looking at the export behaviour across industries, the estimation results show that there is a variation of export behavior across industries.Keywords: Export, manufacture, Indonesia.JEL Classification: F14, F13, D21

scholarly journals The Role of Startups in Structural Transformation

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Dent ◽  
Fatih Karahan ◽  
Benjamin Pugsley ◽  
Ayşegül Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Firm Dynamics ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Firm Level Data ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. economy has been going through a striking structural transformation--the secular reallocation of employment across sectors--over the past several decades. We propose a decomposition framework to assess the contributions of various margins of firm dynamics to this shift. Using firm-level data, we find that at least 50 percent of the adjustment has been taking place along the entry margin, due to sectors receiving different shares of startup employment than their employment shares. The rest is mostly due to life cycle differences across sectors. Declining overall entry has a small but growing effect of dampening structural transformation.

Is There a Presidential Election Cycle in Firm Financials?

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 1650010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray R. Sturm
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Firm Valuation ◽  
Election Cycle ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Firm Level Data

A presidential election cycle (PEC) in stock returns has been well-documented in the academic literature. Prior studies have pointed to economic policy as a cause of the phenomenon apparently overlooking the role of firm value. This study examines changes in firm valuation as the cause. Using firm-level data, this study finds a convincing cycle in firms’ book-to-market (BE/ME) ratios, earnings yield and most notable, in log-changes in annual revenue. In particular, log-changes in revenue during the election year appear to be instrumental in the previously document PEC in stock returns.

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