scholarly journals Phase Relationships in Sea Ice as a Function of Temperature

1976 ◽  
Vol 17 (77) ◽  
pp. 507-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Eutectic Concentration ◽  
Phase Relationships

Quantitative measurements of the liquid water phase in a sample of sea ice were made with a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. The measurements are used to compute the phase relationships in sea ice as a function of temperature. A model for sea-water based upon a mixture of seven binary salts is used for these computations. The n.m.r. measurements are related to the solvation water which is associated with each binary salt. This solvation water is bound to the salt in a pseudo-crystalline structure, with the amount of water determined by the eutectic concentration of the salt. The results are given in tabular form and differ somewhat from previously published tables. Two controversial hydrated salts were added to the table, based on the n.m.r. data.

scholarly journals Phase Relationships in Sea Ice as a Function of Temperature

1976 ◽  
Vol 17 (77) ◽  
pp. 507-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Eutectic Concentration ◽  
Phase Relationships

Quantitative measurements of the liquid water phase in a sample of sea ice were made with a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. The measurements are used to compute the phase relationships in sea ice as a function of temperature. A model for sea-water based upon a mixture of seven binary salts is used for these computations. The n.m.r. measurements are related to the solvation water which is associated with each binary salt. This solvation water is bound to the salt in a pseudo-crystalline structure, with the amount of water determined by the eutectic concentration of the salt. The results are given in tabular form and differ somewhat from previously published tables. Two controversial hydrated salts were added to the table, based on the n.m.r. data.

scholarly journals The Brine Content of Sea Ice Measured with a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (43) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Richardson ◽  
E. E. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Data ◽  
Weight Content ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Abstract Nuclear magnetic properties of hydrogen are used for the quantitative analysis of the water content of sea ice from 0° C. to −40° C. The data on water content are utilized to calculate the brine volume and brine weight content of the samples. Over a range of water contents of 2% to 96% the standard deviation of the nuclear magnetic resonance data from chemical analysis data is ±0.6%, An estimate of water content in a sample of sea ice at −70° C. is given, and the value of nuclear magnetic resonance measurements for field studies is discussed.

scholarly journals The Brine Content of Sea Ice Measured with a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (43) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Richardson ◽  
E. E. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Data ◽  
Weight Content ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

AbstractNuclear magnetic properties of hydrogen are used for the quantitative analysis of the water content of sea ice from 0° C. to −40° C. The data on water content are utilized to calculate the brine volume and brine weight content of the samples. Over a range of water contents of 2% to 96% the standard deviation of the nuclear magnetic resonance data from chemical analysis data is ±0.6%, An estimate of water content in a sample of sea ice at −70° C. is given, and the value of nuclear magnetic resonance measurements for field studies is discussed.

scholarly journals Nuclear magnetic resonance study of sea-water freezing mechanisms: 2. Temperature dependence of relaxation time of protons in sea-ice brine

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (216) ◽  
pp. 719-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Mel’nichenko
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Crystalline Hydrate ◽  
Temperature Hysteresis ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Method ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

AbstractResults of determinations of proton magnetic relaxation time (T1) in the liquid phase of frozen sea water at temperatures between −2°C and −38°C, with variable rate and direction of temperature change, are presented. Temperature hysteresis corresponding to the crystallization range of certain sea-water salts, mainly NaCl which partially precipitates as the crystalline hydrate NaCl.°2H2O at temperatures below −23°C, is detected in the temperature dependence of T1, as in the analogous dependence of brine content. It is shown that formation of crystalline hydrates in brine is preceded by complete solvation of ions at −5 to −6°C. The main causes of hysteresis in temperature dependence of T1 and the extension of loop limits compared with the analogous loop for liquid brine content are indicated. Additional potentialities of using the nuclear magnetic resonance method for investigating sea-ice properties are presented.

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