Endoparasitic diversity from the Southern Ocean: is it really low in Antarctic fish?

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Muñoz ◽  
F.D. Cartes
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Antarctic Fish ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Strait Of Magellan ◽  
Species Diversity Indices ◽  
Fish Hosts ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract The biodiversity and composition of endoparasites in fish obtained from the Antarctic and subantarctic zones are compared in this study. Several fish were collected in the summer from Antarctica (King George Island) and the Southern Pacific coast (Strait of Magellan and Almirante Montt Gulf). This database was complemented with published information on fish endoparasite communities from both zones, with specimens of fish sample size n ≥ 15. Thus, 31 fish species were analysed in this study, which altogether had 79 parasite species. Diversity indices were calculated for the parasite community of each fish species. Then they were compared between the Antarctic and subantarctic zones. Parasite species composition and host specificity (as the number of fish species used by a parasite species) were also analysed and compared between zones. The diversity indices and the abundance of parasites were significantly higher in the Antarctic than the subantarctic fish. Few parasite species (7.6%) were shared between fish from both zones, showing significant differences in parasite composition. Antarctic parasites were less host-specific than subantarctic parasites, which allowed the coexistence of several parasite species in the fish. The high parasite abundance in Antarctic fish could trigger sympatric speciation in certain parasitic lineages or the exploitation of new resources, resulting in more parasite species than those in subantarctic environments. The high abundance of Antarctic parasites implies different methods and rates of transmission than those of subantarctic parasites. In addition, more alternative fish hosts were used by the Antarctic than subantarctic parasites. This altogether indicates that host–parasite interaction dynamics significantly differ between the Antarctic and subantarctic systems.

scholarly journals An annotated list of fish parasites (Copepoda, Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda and Nematoda) collected from Emperors and Emperor Bream (Lethrinidae) in New Caledonia further highlights parasite biodiversity estimates on coral reef fish

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2691 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEAN-LOU JUSTINE ◽  
IAN BEVERIDGE ◽  
GEOFFREY A. BOXSHALL ◽  
ROD A. BRAY ◽  
FRANTIŠEK MORAVEC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Coral Reef Fish ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Fish Parasites ◽  
Parasite Biodiversity ◽  
Host Parasite

Parasites were collected from 17 species of emperors and emperor bream (Lethrinidae) in the waters off New Caledonia, South Pacific. Host-parasite and parasite-hosts lists are provided, with a total of 188 host-parasite combinations (11 per fish species), including 81 identifications at the species level. A total of 52 parasites were identified at the species level, and 40 new host records were found. Results are presented for larval isopods, copepods (16 species), monogeneans (24), digeneans (27), cestodes (11) and nematodes (10). When results were restricted to the four best-sampled fish species for which more than 30 specimens were examined, the number of host-parasite combinations was 22.25 per fish species, and the number of parasite taxa identified at the species level was 9.5 per fish species. From these data, the total number of metazoan parasite species predicted from all lethrinid species of New Caledonia, based on a classification of fish sizes using length in three categories, is 340, i.e. 13 per fish species. A biogeographical comparison with Heron Island on the Great Barrier Reef (Queensland, Australia) was possible only for a single fish species, Lethrinus miniatus: in a total of 65 host-parasite combinations, only five taxa identified at the species level (three monogeneans and two digeneans) were shared at both localities. Parasite biodiversity in lethrinids was of similar magnitude to that in groupers (Serranidae Epinephelinae) in the same area, and this study confirms a previous prediction of 10 parasite species per coral reef fish species. Although this study required significant sampling and identification, we estimate that only 13% of the parasites of lethrinids are known in New Caledonia.

Parasite communities of a fish assemblage from the intertidal rocky zone of central Chile: similarity and host specificity between temporal and resident fish

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (11) ◽  
pp. 1291-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. MUÑOZ ◽  
Y. CORTÉS
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Fish Assemblage ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Resident Fish ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
High Host Specificity ◽  
Intertidal Fish

SUMMARYThe different species of a fish assemblage can, to some extent, be similar in terms of their parasite communities, which can be associated with certain ecological host traits. This study compared the parasite community descriptors between temporal and resident fish species composing an intertidal assemblage from central Chile. Host specificity and similarity indices of parasite communities among the fish species were also considered. A total of 1097 fish representing 14 species were collected during spring and summer of 2 consecutive years. A total spectrum of 40 parasite species was found, of which copepods and trematodes were the commonest. Congeneric fish species had the highest similarities in their parasite communities. Based on a cluster analysis, using only some fish species, no group was distinguished using abundance or prevalence of parasites, because 50% of parasite species had high host specificity and only few of them were shared among fish species. Adult parasites showed high host specificity and were found mainly in resident intertidal fish, whereas the temporal fish had parasites with different degrees of specificity. Consequently, resident intertidal fish were characterized by their own parasite species, meaning that their transmissions might be restricted to the intertidal zone.

scholarly journals Diversity of metazoan parasites in fish Triportheus angulatus and Triportheus auritus living in sympatry in the Brazilian Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Felix Borges ◽  
Marcos Sidney Brito Oliveira ◽  
Marcos Tavares-Dias
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Random Dispersion ◽  
Host Parasite

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the diversity and community structure of metazoan parasites in sympatric populations of Triportheus angulatus and Triportheus auritus in the Jari River basin, in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. All the specimens of T. angulatus and T. auritus examined were infected by Anacanthorus furculus, Anacanthorus pithophallus, Digenea gen. sp., Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, Rhabdochona acuminata, Contracaecum sp., Ergasilus sp. and Acarina gen. sp. These parasites displayed aggregated or random dispersion. The parasite community in T. angulatus and T. auritus presented a similarity of 78%. The diversity indice and richness of parasite species were greater in T. auritus and there were differences in levels of host parasite infection for some infracommunities. Phyllodistomum spatula occurred only in T. angulatus, while metacercariae of Clinostomum marginatum and Digenea gen. sp.2 occurred only in T. auritus. The species richness of the parasites was influenced by host size, as well as the abundance of some parasite infracommunities. This is the first report of these parasites for T. angulatus and T. auritus, except for P. (S.) inopinatus and Contracaecum sp. for T. angulatus.

Endoparasite communities of five fish species (Labridae: Cheilininae) from Lizard Island: how important is the ecology and phylogeny of the hosts?

Parasitology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. MUÑOZ ◽  
A. S. GRUTTER ◽  
T. H. CRIBB
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Host Diet ◽  
Host Phylogeny ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Host Characteristics

The parasite community of animals is generally influenced by host physiology, ecology, and phylogeny. Therefore, sympatric and phylogenetically related hosts with similar ecologies should have similar parasite communities. To test this hypothesis we surveyed the endoparasites of 5 closely related cheilinine fishes (Labridae) from the Great Barrier Reef. They were Cheilinus chlorourus, C. trilobatus, C. fasciatus, Epibulus insidiator and Oxycheilinus diagramma. We examined the relationship between parasitological variables (richness, abundance and diversity) and host characteristics (body weight, diet and phylogeny). The 5 fishes had 31 parasite species with 9–18 parasite species per fish species. Cestode larvae (mostly Tetraphyllidea) were the most abundant and prevalent parasites followed by nematodes and digeneans. Parasites, body size and diet of hosts differed between fish species. In general, body weight, diet and host phylogeny each explained some of the variation in richness and composition of parasites among the fishes. The 2 most closely related species, Cheilinus chlorourus and C. trilobatus, had broadly similar parasites but the other fish species differed significantly in all variables. However, there was no all-encompassing pattern. This may be because different lineages of parasites may react differently to ecological variables. We also argue that adult parasites may respond principally to host diet. In contrast, larval parasite composition may respond both to host diet and predator-prey interactions because this is the path by which many parasites complete their life-cycles. Finally, variation in parasite phylogeny and parasite life-cycles among hosts likely increase the complexity of the system making it difficult to find all-encompassing patterns between host characteristics and parasites, particularly when all the species in rich parasite communities are considered.

scholarly journals Skip spawning as a reproductive strategy in Antarctic fish species: the Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarctica) case study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghigliotti Laura ◽  
Ferrando Sara ◽  
Carlig Erica ◽  
Di Blasi Davide ◽  
Gallus Lorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Antarctic Fish ◽  
Antarctic Silverfish ◽  
The Antarctic

Parasitic copepods reported from Mexico

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3234 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. NEPTALÍ MORALES-SERNA ◽  
SAMUEL GÓMEZ ◽  
GERARDO PÉREZ-PONCE DE LEÓN
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Crab Species ◽  
Polychaete Species ◽  
Parasitic Copepods ◽  
Ascidian Species ◽  
Host Habitat ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Fish Hosts ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Mollusk Species

One hundred and forty identified and 26 unidentified species of copepods reported from 120 fish species, two turtle spe-cies, one manatee species, four crab species, four mollusk species, two polychaete species, four ascidian species, and 21from plankton samples from Mexico are listed. The list contains information about the site of infection, host habitat, lo-calities and references. In addition, a host-parasite list is also provided. Most reports (97%) are from marine or brackishhabitats infecting fish hosts (71% of all reports). This information shows that knowledge about the biodiversity of parasitic copepods in Mexico is in its infancy.

Hematological Characteristics of the Antarctic Fish

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Voytsits'kyi ◽  
N. K. Rodionova ◽  
S. V. Khyzhniak ◽  
L. G. Manylo
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Fish ◽  
The Antarctic

scholarly journals Not Frozen in the Ice: large and Dynamic Rearrangements in the Mitochondrial Genomes of the Antarctic Fish

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Papetti ◽  
Massimiliano Babbucci ◽  
Agnes Dettai ◽  
Andrea Basso ◽  
Magnus Lucassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Order ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Antarctic Fish ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Compositional Bias ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Notothenioid Fish ◽  
Antarctic Notothenioids ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract The vertebrate mitochondrial genomes generally present a typical gene order. Exceptions are uncommon and important to study the genetic mechanisms of gene order rearrangements and their consequences on phylogenetic output and mitochondrial function. Antarctic notothenioid fish carry some peculiar rearrangements of the mitochondrial gene order. In this first systematic study of 28 species, we analysed known and undescribed mitochondrial genome rearrangements for a total of eight different gene orders within the notothenioid fish. Our reconstructions suggest that transpositions, duplications and inversion of multiple genes are the most likely mechanisms of rearrangement in notothenioid mitochondrial genomes. In Trematominae, we documented an extremely rare inversion of a large genomic segment of 5300 bp that partially affected the gene compositional bias but not the phylogenetic output. The genomic region delimited by nad5 and trnF, close to the area of the Control Region, was identified as the hot spot of variation in Antarctic fish mitochondrial genomes. Analysing the sequence of several intergenic spacers and mapping the arrangements on a newly generated phylogeny showed that the entire history of the Antarctic notothenioids is characterized by multiple, relatively rapid, events of disruption of the gene order. We hypothesised that a pre-existing genomic flexibility of the ancestor of the Antarctic notothenioids may have generated a precondition for gene order rearrangement, and the pressure of purifying selection could have worked for a rapid restoration of the mitochondrial functionality and compactness after each event of rearrangement.

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