scholarly journals Excretion of foot-and-mouth disease virus in oesophageal-pharyngeal fluid and milk of cattle after intranasal infection

1978 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. de Leeuw ◽  
J. G. van Bekkum ◽  
J. W. A. Tiessink
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Virus Growth ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Pharyngeal Area ◽  
Intranasal Instillation

SummaryThe virus growth in the pharyngeal area and the virus excretion in milk of susceptible and vaccinated dairy cows after intranasal instillation of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus type O1 were examined. Ten vaccinated cows were purchased through a market. Of these, nine had delivered their first calf. The cows were inoculated 2–9 months after having received the last dose of vaccine. All vaccinated cows resisted the intranasal challenge. The virus multiplied in the pharyngeal area but, compared with two susceptible controls, to a limited extent. No clear relation was found between virus growth and the titre of circulating neutralizing antibody at the time of challenge.Virus was first detected in milk samples of the susceptible cows when generalized FMD lesions had developed on day four; the excretion lasted for 3–4 days.Up to 19 days after inoculation untreated milk of the vaccinated cows was examined for the presence of infectious FMD virus. Samples were inoculated onto cell cultures, fed to susceptible pigs and calves and injected intramuscularly and/or intradermolingually into susceptible steers. No infectious FMD virus could be detected, either in cell cultures or in susceptible animals. The animals did not develop neutralizing antibody against FMD virus and were subsequently shown to be fully susceptible to challenge. The results are discussed with particular reference to current problems regarding the export of milk products from countries where vaccination against FMD is practised to countries free of the disease.

scholarly journals Aspects of heat inactivation of foot-and-mouth disease virus in milk from intramammarily infected susceptible cows

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. De Leeuw ◽  
J. W. A. Tiessink ◽  
J. G. Van Bekkum
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Heat Inactivation ◽  
Thyroid Cell ◽  
Virus Infectivity ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

SUMMARYIn skim milk obtained from susceptible cows after intramammary and intravenous inoculation (primary infected milk), foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus type 01was slower inactivated by heat treatment than virus that had been added to pre-exposure skim milk.Residual virus infectivity in heated primary infected milk was more efficiently detected in bovine thyroid cell cultures than in secondary pig kidney (PK2) cell cultures.Untreated primary infected milk was found to inhibit both FMD-virus and vesicular stomatitis virus plaque formation in PK2cells, suggesting the presence of interferon. The results of further tests confirmed that the interfering activity in unheated primary infected milk was indeed caused by an interferon.Interferon excretion in primary infected milk was investigated using a series of milk samples from three cows. Maximum interferon titres were found after 24 h, coinciding with or shortly after the first virus excretion peak. The results are discussed with particular reference to the use of primary infected milk in studies of the thermal inactivation of FMD-virus.

Induced Pocket to Accommodate the Cell Attachment Arg-Gly-Asp Motif in a Neutralizing Antibody Against Foot-and-Mouth-Disease Virus

1996 ◽  
Vol 256 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Verdaguer ◽  
Mauricio G. Mateu ◽  
Jerónimo Bravo ◽  
Esteban Domingo ◽  
Ignasi Fita
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals Aerosol exposure of cattle to foot-and-mouth disease virus

1983 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. McVicar ◽  
Robert J. Eisner
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
Virus Growth ◽  
Aerosol Exposure ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

SUMMARYSlight modifications of a small, plastic covered greenhouse provided a chamber for the exposure of cattle of all ages to aerosols of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Particle size distributions of aerosols were 76% < 3 μm, 17% 3–6 μm, and 7% > 6 μm immediately after the deVilbis no. 40 nebulizer used was turned off and 90% < 3 μm, 8% 3–6 μm, and 2% > 6 μm 20–30 min later. Pharyngeal virus growth curves and viremia patterns correlated well with the dose of virus to which test cattle were exposed and were similar to those of cattle inoculated intranasally.

scholarly journals Variation among strains of type A foot-and-mouth disease virus in the Eastern Mediterranean region 1964–1972

1975 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann E. M. Arrowsmith
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Type A ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

SUMMARYVariants of type A FMD virus from the Eastern Mediterranean region over the years 1964–72 have been shown to belong to a group distinct from the Western European strains as represented by A5 Westerwald. This group appears to derive from the A22 strain first recognized in 1964 and indicates the possibility of new strains supplanting old in the field.

scholarly journals Phylogeographic analysis and identification of factors impacting the diffusion of Foot-and-Mouth disease virus in Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Duchatel ◽  
Mark Bronsvoort ◽  
Samantha Lycett
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

ABSTRACTFoot and mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and can lead to important and continuous economic losses for affected countries. Due to the complexity of the disease epidemiology and the lack of data there is a need to use inferential computational approaches to fill the gaps in our understanding of the circulation of FMD virus on this continent. Using a phylogeographic approach we reconstructed the circulation of FMD virus serotypes A, O and SAT2 in Africa and evaluated the influence of potential environmental and anthropological predictors of virus diffusion. Our results show that over the last hundred year the continental circulation of the tree serotypes was mainly driven by livestock trade. Whilst our analyses show that the serotypes A and O were introduced in Africa trough livestock trades, the SAT2 serotype probably originates from African wildlife population. The circulation of serotype O in eastern Africa is impacted by both indirect transmission through persistence in the environment and anthropological activities such as cattle movements.

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