scholarly journals Brucellosis in dairy herds—some applications of the milk ring test

1960 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Ferguson ◽  
A. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Raw Milk ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Adult Vaccination ◽  
High Bulk ◽  
Milk Ring Test

1. It has been shown that cows infected with brucellosis of the udder can usually be detected by an application of a modified milk ring test, based on the finding that milks from infected cows, in addition to showing a high bulk MRT titre also show considerable quarter variations. The effects of adult vaccination with strain 19 vaccine on the MRT are reported; low bulk titres with uniformity between quarters, except at the beginning and end of lactation and immediately following vaccinations, were observed, thus making differentiation between vaccinated and infected cows possible.2. In a survey of raw milk samples from three areas in southern Scotland, 3·5, 5·3 and 9·0% of samples were shown to be infected with Br. abortus.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Molecular Epidemiosurveillance of Brucellosis in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Waheed ◽  
Zargham Nawaz Butt ◽  
Waqas O. Ashraf ◽  
Qaiser Mahmood Khan
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Milk Ring Test

ObjectiveTo detect the presence of brucella in serum samples of occupationally exposed human and animals by conventional screening methods.To perform epidemiosurvelliance of brucella molecular based tests including genus and species specific PCR.To check the brucella prevalence in occupationally exposed human.IntroductionLivestock sector contributes more than 58% to agriculture-based economy of Pakistan. Diseases of socio-economic importance are posing an enormous pressure to the growth of this sector. Zoonotic diseases are generally neglected in wake of epizootics having epidemic potential. One Health is a multi-sectoral approach to control zoonotic diseases at animal level to mitigate risk of transfer to the humans and environment. Despite various control programs, zoonosis is known to cause public health emergencies at various regional and national levels. OIE declared brucellosis as a model bacterial disease to control zoonosis in developing countries. Genus Brucella is expanding with its discovery in various amphibian species and marine mammals and demands control efforts at various levels. Reporting of zoonosis is less than actual prevalence in third world countries like Pakistan where disease is considered endemic but no official data is available. In this study, brucellosis was used as a model disease to emphasize the significance of One Health.MethodsIn total, 183 occupationally exposed human and 324 animal blood samples were collected from five different geographical areas of Punjab and one region from KP. For detection of brucells, rose bangal plate test (RBPT) and cELISA were carried out on serum samples. For molecular epidemiosurveillance genus specific PCR BCSP31 and specie specific PCR IS711 were conducted. Fifty-seven milk samples as environmental samples were aslo collected. For the testing of milk for the detection of brucella, Milk Ring Test (MRT) was applied.ResultsSerologically in animals 26(8%) samples were found positive by RBPT & 31(9%) by cELISA. Disease was detected in 42(13%) & 59(18%) samples by applying molecular methods using genus specific PCR BCSP31 & specie specific PCR IS711. Disease was recorded in humans as 16(8%), 24(13%), 33(18%), 56(30%) by RBPT, cELISA, PCR BCSP31 & PCR IS711, respectively. Out of 57 milk samples collected from different areas were tested by Milk Ring Test (MRT) & 12(21%) samples were found positive.ConclusionsIt is a significant finding that raw milk is a constant source of disease exposure to farmers, milking men and general users. Disease prevalence was more in people associated with milking activities possibly due to use of raw milk. This study validate the prevalence of brucellosis in Pakistan with significant presence of disease in occupationally exposed individuals emphasizing the close collaboration between veterinary and human health sectors. This study will broaden our knowledge of disease prevalence and epidemiology in Pakistan. The data produced from this study will help in future control and eradication of this important zoonosis using one health approach. 

Present Status of and Trends in Tuberculosis and Brucellosis in Cattle

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-271
Author(s):  
EDWARD A. SCHILF
Keyword(s):  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Federal Funds ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Milk Ring Test

Tuberculosis and brucellosis have been greatly reduced in the cattle population. The reduction has led to complacency in the eradication effort. In each of these cooperative State-Federal Eradication Programs there have been modifications of program procedures as husbandry practices changed. Surveillance at slaughter is currently the basis for location of herds affected with either of these diseases. A lesion resembling a tubercle found by the meat inspector on postmortem examination starts a tracing procedure leading to a tuberculin test of the herd from which the lesioned animal originated. A blood sample for brucellosis is also collected from adult cattle at slaughter and sent to the laboratory. Any reactors likewise are traced and herds tested. Effectiveness of the surveillance is dependent on accurate identification of slaughter animals. This has improved, but needs further improvement. Dairy herds benefit from additional surveillance through the milk ring test which has proven to be very effective when conducted three or four times each year on bulk milk samples collected at dairy plants. Use of Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine decreased with reduction of Federal funds supporting vaccine purchase and administration. Vaccination is currently being encouraged especially for cattle moving into the more heavily infected areas in the South. New immunizing agents and diagnostic procedures are being studied for brucellosis. The comparative cervical test is being widely used to eliminate problems relating to sensitivity to mycobacteria other than those causing tuberculosis in cattle.

INVESTIGATION OF BRUCELLA TYPE BACTERIA IN MILK FROM TOKAT PROVINCE VILLAGES

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
HÜSNIYE RÜSTEMOĞLU ◽  
AYDIN RÜSTEMOĞLU ◽  
İSA KARAMAN
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Planting Method ◽  
Direct Sowing ◽  
Milk Ring Test

Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases caused by Brucella. The disease is located genital organs in the females of mammals such as cattle, sheep, goats, dogs and pigs and cause to infertility, mastitis, preterm birth, placenta retention and metritis; in men it causes orchitis (gonorrhea inflammation). The bacteria can also spread from animals to humans and cause disease in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Brucellosis in milk collected from villages of Tokat province and districts. For this purpose, 161 cows, 58 sheep and 33 goat milk samples were investigated by Brucellosis agent with Milk Ring Test (MRT) and direct sowing method. At the end of the study, 24 of 161 cow's milk, 20 of 58 sheep's milk and 5 of 33 goat's milk were found to be positive by MRT. Of the 252 raw milk samples, 49 (n = 19.41%) were positive for MRT. Brucella melitensis biotype 3 were isolated from the 2 milk samples after the culturing from 49 samples with positive MRT. It was determined that 2 milk samples isolated from Brucea belong to 2 different sheep from the same herd. Thus, Brucella was isolated in 0.79% of all studied samples, 4.08% of MRT positive samples and 3.45% of sheep milk samples. As a result of our first study with milk collected from the villages and towns of Tokat province and districts, 19.41% of the samples were positive for MRT and 0.79% of the samples were isolated by direct planting method. Thus, in this study, it was determined that there is a certain amount of Bruceila agent in Tokat province and its districts and it shows that dairy products may pose a risk for Brucellosis.

Seroprevalence and molecular diagnosis of sheep brucellosis in Dakahlia governorate, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Mohamed El-Diasty ◽  
◽  
Rana El-Said ◽  
Adel Abdelkhalek ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Milk Ring Test

Brucellosis is an endemic disease among livestock and humans in Egypt. Sheep are the most common type of livestock ruminant in Egypt and considered the fundamental etiology for spreading and maintaining B. melitensis either in human being or animal populations. In the current study, we investigated the seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep herds reared in Bilqase, one of the biggest cities at Dakahlia governorate in Egypt's Delta region. In total, 610 sheep from seven herds were investigated. Anti-Brucella antibodies were detected in 48 (7.8%) samples tested by Buffered Acidified Plate Antigen Test (BAPAT), in 44 (7.2%) samples tested by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and in 41 (6.7%) samples tested by Milk Ring Test (MRT). The isolation rate was 29.6% (16 out of 54 examined samples). Brucella organism was isolated from three aborted fetuses, one tissue sample of slaughtered serologically positive ewe and 12 milk samples. The Abortus Melitensis Ovis Suis-PCR (AMOS-PCR) confirmed all Brucella strains as B. melitensis. More than three successive negative serological tests are required to declare that the infected herd is free from brucellosis. In conclusion, no single serological test could conclusively diagnose brucellosis in endemic areas. Confirmation of results with molecular diagnosis or culture is indispensable in diagnosis. B. melitensis was the prevalent serotype among sheep in Dakahlia governorate

Comparison of an indirect ELISA with the Brucella milk ring test for detection of antibodies to Brucella abortus in bulk milk samples

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.R. Vanzini ◽  
N.P. Aguirre ◽  
B.S. Valentini ◽  
S. Torioni de Echaide ◽  
C.I. Lugaresi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Milk Ring Test

THE USE OF PRESERVED MILK SAMPLES IN THE BRUCELLA MILK RING TEST

1977 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 184-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. BLYTHMAN ◽  
A. J. FORMAN
Keyword(s):  
Ring Test ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Milk Ring Test

scholarly journals The use of the milk ring test in a survey of the incidence of bovine brucellosis in southern Scotland

1954 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Ferguson ◽  
A. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Test Reaction ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Veterinary School ◽  
Probable Effect ◽  
Milk Ring Test

A report is made of a total of 438 simultaneous blood serum and milk ring tests, and an attempt made to evaluate the milk ring test as a diagnostic aid in individual animals.The ring test has been used to test the bulk milk from some 370 herds providing the greater part of the raw milk supply for Edinburgh.The incidence of viable Br. abortus in raw milk samples taken in the Edinburgh area has been studied together with the ring test reaction of such samples.The survey has shown that:(1) The ring test is correct in some 93 % of cases in detecting cows whose blood serum will be found positive to the brucella agglutination test.(2) The ring test, if carefully carried out, is a simple time-saving and accurate screening test for detecting herds possibly infected with brucella.(3) A high proportion of herd milks (53 %) giving a positive reaction to the ring test is disclosed, and the probable effect of vaccination with strain 19 in giving rise to this figure is noted.(4) The relatively high incidence (at least 10·5%) of Br. abortus in Edinburgh milk supplies is noted.Thanks are tendered to Dr Bruhn of the Veterinary School, and Dr Bendtsen, Veterinary State Serum Institute, both of Copenhagen and to Dr Stableforth of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Laboratory at Weybridge, for providing samples of stained antigen. Thanks are also due to the Bacteriology Department, Edinburgh University, for providing material from guinea-pigs and for relevant information; to J. Norval, Esq., M.R.C.V.S., for permission to obtain samples from the slaughterhouse, and also to the dairies and farmers who granted facilities for taking samples and to Miss Elma Chapman for assistance in the laboratory studies and in taking samples.

scholarly journals BACTERIOLOGICAL & SEROLOGICAL STUDY OF BRUCELLOSIS IN BUFFALO IN BAGHDAD

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
S. A. Al-Bayatti
Keyword(s):  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Serological Study ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Milk Ring Test

To study the prevalence of brucellosis among buffalo in Baghdad, 144serum samples were collected and tested serologically using Rose Bengal PlateTest (RBPT) and Tube Agglutination Test (TAT), also 44 milk samples testedby Milk Ring Test (MRT). For isolation and identification of Brucella speciesand behavior, 15 buffalo aborted fetuses were used. And for evaluation of thehealth hazzard caused by the consumption of the locally manufactured creamfrom the milk of buffalo, 76 cream samples were used for cultivation.The results of the RBPT, TAT and MRT revealed the prevalence of thedisease in the percentages (38.19%, 29.86% and 20.45%) respectively.It was found that Brucella abortus was the main cause of abortion in thebuffalo (53.33%). There biotypes were the 8th and 3rd.The cream samples manufactured from the milk of buffalo doesn’t showhealth hazzard as a cause of brucellosis in human, because it didn’t revealed anyBrucella isolates in all samples used.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Risk Factors Associated with Brucellosis and Presence of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Camel Milk in Garissa County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
M. Noor ◽  
V. Rotich ◽  
J. W. Kiarie ◽  
K. Cheruiyot ◽  
J. M. Kagira
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Milk Samples

Aim: The current study was undertaken to assess the prevalence, risk factors of brucellosis and presence of pathogenic bacteria isolated from camel milk in Garrisa County, Kenya. Methodology: The study design was cross-sectional where questionnaires were administered to farmers to assess the risk factors associated with brucellosis. The experimental study was also employed to identify bacteria in milk samples which were collected from 104 camels. Fifty milk samples were obtained from local farms while 54 were from sales point at Garissa market. Further test for brucellosis using milk ring test was also carried out. Results: The overall prevalence of brucellosis in camel milk was 8%. Most (12.5%) of the positive samples were from Dadaab Sub-county while the rest of the positive samples were from Fafi (5.9%) and Balambala (5.9%) sub-counties. All the 54 samples obtained from Garissa market were negative of brucellosis. Of the total (118) bacteria isolates, those from the farm level were 68.6% and from market were 31.2%. The bacteria isolated from the 104 milk samples were Pseudomonas spp. (32.2%), Salmonella spp. (30.5%), Staphylococcus spp (21.2%), Eschericia coli (8.5%) and Shigella spp. (7.6%). The risk factors that significantly (p<0.05) associated brucellosis were: age of lactating camels (higher in camels aged above 20 years), herd size (higher in camels from herd sizes of between 30-50 camels) and herding of camels with other livestock (higher in camels kept with other livestock). Conclusion: In conclusion, a few milk samples from camels in Garissa County were found to have brucellosis and were heavily infected with bacteria which can cause mastitis. Considering that most people in the study area drank raw milk, spread of these bacteria to man is a high possibility and thus animal and public health officers should implement one health disease control strategies.

scholarly journals A whey complement fixation test. Its relation to whey agglutination and isolation of Brucella abortus from the milk of individual cows

1968 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. Farrell ◽  
L. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Eradication Programme ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Positive Individual ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Milk Ring Test

SUMMARYTwo hundred and ninety-three milk ring test-positive individual milk samples were examined by whey complement fixation and agglutination tests and the results were compared with the isolation of B. abortus by cultures made from the milk.There was a closer correlation between whey CF tests and isolation of the organism than between whey AG tests and isolation. Brucella organisms were not isolated from 116 MRT-positive milk samples when the whey CF titre was < 1/10; whereas 9/104 (9%) isolations were made from milk when the whey AG titre was < 1/20.Because of its closer correlation with culture results it is suggested that the whey CF test would be valuable in an eradication programme for the detection of infected udders.The limitations of the milk ring test for the examination of individual milk samples are emphasized and it should be used only as a preliminary screening test. In the individual milk samples examined, 32% of the MRT-positives showed no evidence of infection by either the whey AG, whey CF, or culture tests.

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