INVESTIGATION OF BRUCELLA TYPE BACTERIA IN MILK FROM TOKAT PROVINCE VILLAGES

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
HÜSNIYE RÜSTEMOĞLU ◽  
AYDIN RÜSTEMOĞLU ◽  
İSA KARAMAN
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Planting Method ◽  
Direct Sowing ◽  
Milk Ring Test

Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases caused by Brucella. The disease is located genital organs in the females of mammals such as cattle, sheep, goats, dogs and pigs and cause to infertility, mastitis, preterm birth, placenta retention and metritis; in men it causes orchitis (gonorrhea inflammation). The bacteria can also spread from animals to humans and cause disease in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Brucellosis in milk collected from villages of Tokat province and districts. For this purpose, 161 cows, 58 sheep and 33 goat milk samples were investigated by Brucellosis agent with Milk Ring Test (MRT) and direct sowing method. At the end of the study, 24 of 161 cow's milk, 20 of 58 sheep's milk and 5 of 33 goat's milk were found to be positive by MRT. Of the 252 raw milk samples, 49 (n = 19.41%) were positive for MRT. Brucella melitensis biotype 3 were isolated from the 2 milk samples after the culturing from 49 samples with positive MRT. It was determined that 2 milk samples isolated from Brucea belong to 2 different sheep from the same herd. Thus, Brucella was isolated in 0.79% of all studied samples, 4.08% of MRT positive samples and 3.45% of sheep milk samples. As a result of our first study with milk collected from the villages and towns of Tokat province and districts, 19.41% of the samples were positive for MRT and 0.79% of the samples were isolated by direct planting method. Thus, in this study, it was determined that there is a certain amount of Bruceila agent in Tokat province and its districts and it shows that dairy products may pose a risk for Brucellosis.

scholarly journals Identification of Coxiella burnetii in Raw Milk of Livestock Animal in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ashraf Mohabati Mobarez ◽  
Ehsan Mostafavi ◽  
Mohammad Khalili ◽  
Saber Esmaeili
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Dairy Animals

Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of Q fever in humans and animals. This study aimed to determine the frequency of C. burnetii in milk samples of dairy animals (goats, sheep, and cattle) in some selected regions in Iran, where there is no information about prevalence of C. burnetii. In this study, 162 individual milk samples were collected from 43 farms in three provinces (Tehran, Hamadan, and Mazandaran). Real-time PCR was used for the detection of IS1111a element of C. burnetii. In total, 23 of 162 samples (14.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 9.65–20.2%) were positive for C. burnetii by real-time PCR. C. burnetii was detected in 10.17% (95% CI: 4.74–20.46) of goat milk samples. In sheep milk samples, 18.6% (95% CI: 9.74–32.62) were positive, and C. burnetii was detected in 15% (95% CI: 8.1–26.11) of cattle milk samples. Molecular evidence of the presence of C. burnetii was seen in milk samples of dairy animals in all the studied regions. These findings demonstrated that C. burnetii infection, especially in raw milk samples, deserves more attention from the health care system and veterinary organization in Iran.

scholarly journals Molecular genetic methods of analysis to identify the species affiliation of the raw material composition in food products

Vestnik MGTU ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-223
Author(s):  
E. A. Yurova ◽  
N. A. Zhizhin ◽  
S. A. Filchakova
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Dna Molecules ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sheep Milk

Received in revised 08.08.2020 Methods based on the analysis of proteins and DNA molecules are more and more used to assess the composition of food products. Proteins research methods include immunological, electrophoretic and chromatographic ones. The analysis of DNA molecules is most often used to identify the species affiliation of food components. This is due to the stability of their structure compared to proteins, as well as their presence in most biological tissues. The results of studies evaluating methodological approaches for the application of the PCR diagnostic method to identify the composition of food products and the possibility of their use for monitoring dairy products have been shown. The objects of research were samples of cow, goat, sheep milk, as well as milk samples of different animal species mixed in various ratios. DNA was extracted from milk samples according to a unified technique for the separation of DNA molecules in milk and dairy products. The work also considers the possibility of using the PCR diagnostic method to identify the raw material origin of the product. To evaluate the measurement methods, artificially created samples of raw milk were used, which were cow, goat and sheep milk, a mix of three types of milk in different ratios. As a result of the research, the main method has been chosen as the real time PCR method, which has reliability, high sensitivity, sufficient rapidity, with the possibility of using it for dairy multicomponent products with a complex structural matrix, as well as products that have undergone deep technological processing.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Molecular Epidemiosurveillance of Brucellosis in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Waheed ◽  
Zargham Nawaz Butt ◽  
Waqas O. Ashraf ◽  
Qaiser Mahmood Khan
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Milk Ring Test

ObjectiveTo detect the presence of brucella in serum samples of occupationally exposed human and animals by conventional screening methods.To perform epidemiosurvelliance of brucella molecular based tests including genus and species specific PCR.To check the brucella prevalence in occupationally exposed human.IntroductionLivestock sector contributes more than 58% to agriculture-based economy of Pakistan. Diseases of socio-economic importance are posing an enormous pressure to the growth of this sector. Zoonotic diseases are generally neglected in wake of epizootics having epidemic potential. One Health is a multi-sectoral approach to control zoonotic diseases at animal level to mitigate risk of transfer to the humans and environment. Despite various control programs, zoonosis is known to cause public health emergencies at various regional and national levels. OIE declared brucellosis as a model bacterial disease to control zoonosis in developing countries. Genus Brucella is expanding with its discovery in various amphibian species and marine mammals and demands control efforts at various levels. Reporting of zoonosis is less than actual prevalence in third world countries like Pakistan where disease is considered endemic but no official data is available. In this study, brucellosis was used as a model disease to emphasize the significance of One Health.MethodsIn total, 183 occupationally exposed human and 324 animal blood samples were collected from five different geographical areas of Punjab and one region from KP. For detection of brucells, rose bangal plate test (RBPT) and cELISA were carried out on serum samples. For molecular epidemiosurveillance genus specific PCR BCSP31 and specie specific PCR IS711 were conducted. Fifty-seven milk samples as environmental samples were aslo collected. For the testing of milk for the detection of brucella, Milk Ring Test (MRT) was applied.ResultsSerologically in animals 26(8%) samples were found positive by RBPT & 31(9%) by cELISA. Disease was detected in 42(13%) & 59(18%) samples by applying molecular methods using genus specific PCR BCSP31 & specie specific PCR IS711. Disease was recorded in humans as 16(8%), 24(13%), 33(18%), 56(30%) by RBPT, cELISA, PCR BCSP31 & PCR IS711, respectively. Out of 57 milk samples collected from different areas were tested by Milk Ring Test (MRT) & 12(21%) samples were found positive.ConclusionsIt is a significant finding that raw milk is a constant source of disease exposure to farmers, milking men and general users. Disease prevalence was more in people associated with milking activities possibly due to use of raw milk. This study validate the prevalence of brucellosis in Pakistan with significant presence of disease in occupationally exposed individuals emphasizing the close collaboration between veterinary and human health sectors. This study will broaden our knowledge of disease prevalence and epidemiology in Pakistan. The data produced from this study will help in future control and eradication of this important zoonosis using one health approach. 

scholarly journals Brucellosis in dairy herds—some applications of the milk ring test

1960 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Ferguson ◽  
A. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Raw Milk ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Adult Vaccination ◽  
High Bulk ◽  
Milk Ring Test

1. It has been shown that cows infected with brucellosis of the udder can usually be detected by an application of a modified milk ring test, based on the finding that milks from infected cows, in addition to showing a high bulk MRT titre also show considerable quarter variations. The effects of adult vaccination with strain 19 vaccine on the MRT are reported; low bulk titres with uniformity between quarters, except at the beginning and end of lactation and immediately following vaccinations, were observed, thus making differentiation between vaccinated and infected cows possible.2. In a survey of raw milk samples from three areas in southern Scotland, 3·5, 5·3 and 9·0% of samples were shown to be infected with Br. abortus.

scholarly journals Changes in Native Whey Protein Content, Gel Formation, and Endogenous Enzyme Activities Induced by Flow-Through Heat Treatments of Goat and Sheep Milk

Dairy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-421
Author(s):  
Golfo Moatsou ◽  
Ekaterini Moschopoulou ◽  
Evangelia Zoidou ◽  
Aggeliki Kamvysi ◽  
Dimitra Liaskou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Native Whey ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Water Holding

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of different flow-through heat treatments—68, 73, 78, 85, 100 °C for 16 s—applied to in-line homogenized goat and sheep milk. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in raw goat milk was 324.5 ± 47.3 μg phenol/mL, and that of lactoperoxidase (LPO) was 199.3 ± 6.7 U/L. The respective activities in raw sheep milk were 7615 ± 141 μg phenol/mL and 319 ± 38.6 U/L. LPO activity was not detected in both milk kinds treated at 85 °C for 16 s. Residual enzyme activities at 73 °C for 16 s with respect to the initial levels in raw milk were higher in goat than in sheep milk. The whey protein fraction of sheep milk was more heat sensitive compared to goat counterpart. Sheep milk rennet clotting time (RCT) was not affected by the treatments, while curd firmness decreased significantly (p < 0.05) at 100 °C for 16 s. Treatments more intense than 73 °C for 16 s increased the RCT of goat milk significantly but inconsistently and decreased curd firmness significantly, while yoghurt-type gels made from 73 °C or 78 °C for 16 s treated goat milk exhibited the highest water-holding capacity.

scholarly journals Growth and enterotoxin production of Bacillus cereus in cow, goat, and sheep milk

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. S3-S8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Necidová ◽  
Šárka Bursová ◽  
Alena Skočková ◽  
Bohdana Janštová ◽  
Pavla Prachařová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Enterotoxin Production

The aim of this study was to compare Bacillus cereus growth rates and diarrhoeal enterotoxin production in raw and pasteurized goat, sheep, and cow milk in terms of storage conditions. Milk samples were inoculated with B. cereus (CCM 2010), which produces diarrhoeal enterotoxins. Enterotoxin production was tested by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), and the count of B. cereus was determined by the plate method. With raw cow milk, B. cereus growth and enterotoxin production can be completely suppressed; in raw goat and sheep milk, enterotoxin was produced at 22 °C. In pasteurized cow, goat, and sheep milk, the B. cereus count increased under all storage conditions, with more rapid growth being observed at 15 °C (sheep milk) and 22 °C (cow and goat milk). Enterotoxin presence was detected at 15 °C and 22 °C, and with pasteurized cow milk also at 8 °C. Our model experiments have determined that B. cereus multiplication and subsequent enterotoxin production depend on storage temperature and milk type.

Seroprevalence and molecular diagnosis of sheep brucellosis in Dakahlia governorate, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Mohamed El-Diasty ◽  
◽  
Rana El-Said ◽  
Adel Abdelkhalek ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Milk Ring Test

Brucellosis is an endemic disease among livestock and humans in Egypt. Sheep are the most common type of livestock ruminant in Egypt and considered the fundamental etiology for spreading and maintaining B. melitensis either in human being or animal populations. In the current study, we investigated the seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep herds reared in Bilqase, one of the biggest cities at Dakahlia governorate in Egypt's Delta region. In total, 610 sheep from seven herds were investigated. Anti-Brucella antibodies were detected in 48 (7.8%) samples tested by Buffered Acidified Plate Antigen Test (BAPAT), in 44 (7.2%) samples tested by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and in 41 (6.7%) samples tested by Milk Ring Test (MRT). The isolation rate was 29.6% (16 out of 54 examined samples). Brucella organism was isolated from three aborted fetuses, one tissue sample of slaughtered serologically positive ewe and 12 milk samples. The Abortus Melitensis Ovis Suis-PCR (AMOS-PCR) confirmed all Brucella strains as B. melitensis. More than three successive negative serological tests are required to declare that the infected herd is free from brucellosis. In conclusion, no single serological test could conclusively diagnose brucellosis in endemic areas. Confirmation of results with molecular diagnosis or culture is indispensable in diagnosis. B. melitensis was the prevalent serotype among sheep in Dakahlia governorate

scholarly journals The Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk, soft cheese and yoghurt in Baghdad Province by Using ELISA Test

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Najim Hadi Najim
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
White Cheese ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

     Milk and dairy products are fundamental components in the human diet and may be the principle way for entrance of Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in to the human body. All milk and dairy products samples were tested for the occurrence of AFM1 by the competitive ELISA technique. Out of 32 bovine raw milk samples that were collected from eight villages around Baghdad province, 32 samples (100 %) were contaminated with AFM1 ranging from 0.15 to 86.96ng/kg with mean value of 42.37±26.07 ng/kg, of which 17 samples were contaminated with concentrations < 50 ng/kg and 15 samples exceeded the maximum acceptable level of AFM1 in milk (50 ng/kg) imposed by the European legislation. The raw milk samples belonged to animals fed with composite and stored fodder as in Althahab Alabiadh, Radhwaniya and Fadhaliya villages had higher significantly AFM1 concentrations over all the other five villages (Grazing feed). All 32 (100%) locally produced soft white cheese samples analyzed were contaminated with AFM1 ranging from 31.84 to 89.44 ng/kg with the mean value of 59.92±17.03 ng/kg. Out of 32 locally produced yoghurt samples analyzed, 32 samples (100%) were contaminated with AFM1 ranging from 0.16 to 42.74 ng/kg with the mean value of 16.92±11.55 ng/kg. Thirty samples (100%) of the examined 30 imported UHT milk samples that were collected from different commercial companies in the province of Baghdad presented significantly  high contamination level with AFM1 that were found to range from 0.18 to 85.66 ng/kg.

Low Incidence of Foodborne Pathogens of Concern in Raw Milk Utilized for Farmstead Cheese Production

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 1580-1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
DENNIS J. D'AMICO ◽  
ERROL GROVES ◽  
CATHERINE W. DONNELLY
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Raw Milk Cheese

Overall milk quality and prevalence of four target pathogens in raw milk destined for farmstead cheesemaking was examined. Raw milk samples were collected weekly from June to September 2006 from 11 farmstead cheese operations manufacturing raw milk cheese from cow's, goat's, and sheep's milk. Samples were screened for Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 both quantitatively (direct plating) and qualitatively (PCR). Overall, 96.8% of samples had standard plate counts of &lt;100,000 CFU/ml, 42.7% of which were &lt;1,000 CFU/ml. Although no federal standards exist for coliforms in raw milk, 61% of samples tested conformed to pasteurized milk standards under the U.S. Pasteurized Milk Ordinance (PMO) at &lt;10 CFU/ml. All cow and sheep milk samples and 93.8% of goat milk samples were within the limits dictated by the PMO for somatic cell counts. Of the 11 farms, 8 (73%) produced samples that were positive for S. aureus, which was detected in 34.6% (46 of 133) of milk samples. L. monocytogenes was isolated from three milk samples (2.3%), two of which were from the same farm. E. coli O157:H7 was recovered from one sample of goat's milk for an overall incidence of 0.75%. Salmonella was not recovered from any of the 133 samples. The findings of this study suggest that most raw milk intended for farmstead cheesemaking is of high microbiological quality with a low incidence of pathogens. These data will help inform risk assessments associated with the microbiological safety of farmstead cheeses, particularly those manufactured from raw milk.

scholarly journals Proteolytic and lipolytic potential of Pseudomonas spp. from goat and bovine raw milk

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1577-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
José C. Ribeiro Júnior ◽  
Pedro I. Teider Junior ◽  
André L.M. Oliveira ◽  
Edson A. Rios ◽  
Ronaldo Tamanini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT: Pseudomonas, the main genus of gram-negative microorganisms isolated from milk, is psychrotrophic, biofilm-forming, and thermo-resistant deteriorating enzyme producers. The aim of this study was to quantify Pseudomonas spp. in goat’s and cow’s milk produced in the Paraná state, Brazil, to evaluate the deteriorating activity of the isolates at mesophilic and psychrotrophic conditions and to identify, at the species level, the isolates with alkaline metalloprotease (aprX gene) production potential. Microbiological, biochemical and molecular methods were used for isolating, confirming and identifying of isolates. The mean counts were 1.6 (±6.3)x104 and 0.89(±3)x102 CFU/mL for goat and bovine milk samples, respectively, immediately after milking. Of the Pseudomonas colonies isolated from goat milk (n=60), 91.7% showed proteolytic potential when incubated at 35°C/48 h and 80% at 7°C/10 days, and lipolytic potential was observed in 95% of the isolates incubated in mesophilic and 78.3% at refrigeration conditions. From the isolates of bovine milk (n=20), 35% showed proteolytic activity only when incubated at 35°C/48 h, and lipolytic potential was observed in 25% of the isolates incubated at 7°C/10d and 35°C/48h. It was observed that 83.3% and 25% of the isolates genetically confirmed as Pseudomonas spp. of goat and bovine milk showed the potential for alkaline metalloprotease production, with the species P. azotoformans, P. koreensis, P. gessardii, P. monteilii and P. lurida being the most frequent in goat milk and P. aeruginosa the only species identified in cow milk.

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