Does Multiculturalism Menace? Governance, Cultural Rights and the Politics of Identity in Guatemala

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARLES R. HALE
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Politics Of Identity ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Cultural Project ◽  
Indigenous Rights Movement ◽  
Political Economic

This article challenges the assumption that the underlying principles of state-endorsed ‘multiculturalism’ stand in tension with neoliberal political-economic policies. Based on ethnographic research in Guatemala, it is argued that neoliberalism's cultural project entails pro-active recognition of a minimal package of cultural rights, and an equally vigorous rejection of the rest. The result is a dichotomy between recognised and recalcitrant indigenous subjects, which confronts the indigenous rights movement as a ‘menace’ even greater than the assimilationist policies of the previous era. It is suggested that the most effective response to this menace is probably not to engage in frontal opposition to neoliberal regimes, but rather to refuse the dichotomy altogether.

scholarly journals Indonesian Political Economic Policy and Economic Rights: An Analysis of Human Rights in the International Economic Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Ridwan Arifin
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Global Impacts ◽  
Political Economic

The national and international economic development raises new problems besides the positive side of finance. International economic recession that has global impacts including in Indonesia presents its own challenges. One of the challenges faced is a serious impact on the fulfillment of economic and social rights. Various economic austerity measures were taken to maintain the country’s economic stability. One of the most controversial is the reduction of subsidies in the health, social security, trade and education sectors. The unemployment rate also increased as a direct impact of these economic policies. This paper analyzes the rights of human rights in Indonesian political economic policy both on a national and international scale. This paper compares and analyzes various cases of Indonesian economic policy with the basic principles of human rights, especially social, economic and cultural rights. Studies in this paper cover the areas of study of International Economic and Trade Law, Human Rights Law, and International Law. This paper highlighted that economic policies in the form of reducing subsidies and austerity measures undermine a wide range of human rights human rights frameworks.

Die Rechte indigener Völker im Menschenrechtssystem

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessika Eichler
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Politics Of Recognition ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Collective Rights ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Special Rights

This textbook offers insights into the recently established special rights regime on indigenous peoples’ rights at international level. The reader is guided from the early beginnings of this issue in the 1970s to current jurisprudential developments. International and regional norms are introduced and contrasted with societal and political challenges. The book also opens broader debates on the politics of recognition and decolonisation, multilateral systems and global governance, the pluralisation of society and its institutions, collective rights and the meaning of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights. This group-specific field of the international human rights protection system is viewed through the lenses of international law and socio-political approaches.

scholarly journals Making psychedelics into medicines: The politics and paradoxes of medicalization

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tehseen Noorani
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Drug Research ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Illicit Use ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Political Economic

This commentary considers efforts to turn psychedelics into medications that can be administered through healthcare systems as examples of “medicalization.” I draw on ethnographic research both inside and outside of university-based clinical trials from 2014 to date, together with analogous examples from psychiatry and drug research and development. Rather than taking a normative stance on medicalization, I situate it in a wider political, economic, and cultural context to better understand its logics and effects. I begin by suggesting the resurgence of psychedelic science has been concerned with medicalization from the outset, recently prompting a crisis in the “psychedelics community” over its self-identity and values. Next, against the confident public messaging surrounding psychedelics, I consider how attempts to scale up and market psychedelic-assisted therapy could end up undermining the safety and efficacy of the therapy itself. I then outline the movements to decriminalize, legalize, and minimize the harms and risks of using psychedelics in their currently illicit therapeutic and recreational modalities. Finally, I explore how working toward psychedelic medicalization over the coming years may influence the movements toward decriminalizing and legalizing psychedelics use, focusing on the underarticulated ways in which medicalization may disregard or even hinder, rather than help, decriminalization and legalization efforts. I call attention to how the cost of gaining approval for therapies incentivizes the development of diluted-yet-profitable forms of psychedelic-assisted treatments, and how frameworks developed for “proper use” demarcate what counts as “abuse” and enable those with newly sanctioned access to psychedelics to condemn afresh their illicit use.

When Local Troubles Become Transnational: The Transformation of a Guatemalan Indigenous Rights Movement

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Stewart
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Causal Chain ◽  
Transnational Activism ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Local Problems ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Transnational Mobilization ◽  
Local Movement ◽  
Indigenous Rights Movement

In the early 1990s, Guatemalan massacre survivors mobilized to demand the exhumation and burial of relatives killed during government repression in the 1980s. Using connections -with transnational activist networks, this local movement successfully implicated not only the Guatemalan government but also important international actors such as the World Bank in the atrocities. In contrast to Keck and Sikkink's boomerang model, which proposes that movements go global when domestic channels are blocked, I argue that the shift from local to transnational mobilization leads to substantive changes in a movement'sdiscourse and its interpretation of grievances, strategies, and targets. Further, in contrast to Keck and Sikkink's "short causal chain" linking problems and solutions to justify collective action, the Guatemala case suggests a "long causal chain" whereby successful transnational activism requires extension of causal links from local problems to powerful global actors to create the conditions for convergence of interests among members of a transnational network.

Transnational Reproduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Deomampo
Keyword(s):  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Surrogate Mothers ◽  
Reproductive Labor ◽  
Stratified Reproduction ◽  
The World ◽  
Gestational Surrogacy ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Global Surrogacy

Transnational Reproduction explores the global surrogacy industry in India, focusing on the ways in which surrogate mothers, parents, egg providers, and doctors navigate their relationships formed through gestational surrogacy. In the early 2010s India was one of the top providers of surrogacy services in the world. Drawing on in-depth ethnographic research in India, Transnational Reproduction argues that while the surrogacy industry in India offers a clear example of “stratified reproduction”—the ways in which political, economic, and social forces structure the conditions under which women carry out reproductive labor—it also complicates that concept as the various actors work to understand their relationships to one another. The book pays special attention to the racial dimensions within transnational surrogacy, investigating how race is constructed among the various actors involved. The book outlines how particular notions of race and difference intersect with notions of kinship and relatedness. Ultimately, the book shows how practices of racialization shape kinship and family making, arguing that racial reproductive imaginaries underpin the unequal relations at the heart of transnational surrogacy. This book illustrates how actors constitute racial reproductive imaginaries through various transnational reproductive practices: through practices that Other, through articulation of difference, and through the production and reproduction of power and stratification.

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