From Pedagogy to Politeness: Aspects Regarding Feedback in Online Learning Context

The online learning environment has challenged the educational relationships over the last years. The medical safety has hidden us behind some monitors, devices or platforms that allowed us to continue our studies and our professional activities. From faces with or without associated names, we turned into names that accompany empty icons on the wall. Most often, we had to keep our cameras off. When we turned them on and shared our faces with the audience, we offered and received feedback much easier. The feedback has an important role in any human communication. More than that, in the educational field, the feedback contributes to the adjustments of the teaching – learning – evaluating process. On the positive side, the teacher gives feedback in order to reinforce the appropriate learning behaviour of the student and the student offers feedback to ensure the proper adjustment of the teaching behaviour. The pattern of giving and receiving feedback is simple and visible in all face-to-face communication that develops an educational activity. What happens in the online mediated education? What happens when faces see no faces? Our study investigates the feedback from the perspective of the online mediated educational relationships. Thus, we analyzed the responses of the students to some seminar tasks regarding the use of educational platforms and the role of feedback in the learning process. The target population consisted in 135 students enrolled in the certification program for teaching career. Our findings show that feedback as reinforcement communicative behaviour upgrades the politeness strategy and feedback as a pedagogical principle helps to replace the missing face-to-face interaction in online mediated learning.

Digital Platforms in the Emergency Remote Education: the Students’ Preferences

One positive side of the Covid-19 pandemic is the unprecedented opportunity it has offered to the Higher Education Institutions to experience digital learning like never before. During the pandemic, Distant Learning platforms, including Learning Management Systems and Video Conferencing Platforms, have been ubiquitous, and no single institution survived without them during the pandemic. Hence, one of the critical lessons that should be learned is the students’ experiences with these platforms. This study aims to investigate the digital platform preferences of English major students in the College of Language and Translation at King Saud University in Saudi Arabia during the Emergency Remote Education due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Its significance lies in the fact that it underscores and addresses students’ needs and preferences with regard to the digital platforms to be used for language learning, a pragmatic examination of which has been carried out in the following pages. It focuses on reasons for the preferences of the two leading digital platforms used in King Saud University: Blackboard and Zoom. A Survey with open-ended and closed-ended questions was designed to answer the questions of the study: which digital platforms do students prefer to use during Emergency Remote Education, and what were the reasons behind students’ preferences? A total of 300 students from both male and female campuses at different levels of study participated in the study. The results showed that students preferred the Zoom to Blackboard. Reasons of preferences were mainly the ease of use, followed by supporting smartphones, then having an app for smartphones. The thematic analysis of the open-ended question showed that technical problems and connection latency were the main reasons behind students’ preferences of the Zoom. The findings also indicated gender differences in reasons of preferences.

The Role of Zoom Cloud Meeting as Learning Online Medium in Pandemic

Before the arrival of the Covid 19 virus epidemic, the government actually launched the industry 4.0 and 5.0 revolutions, including in the field of education where the use of technology as a medium or instrument in learning can be maximized to use. However, most of teacher and students were not able to conduct yet. When this epidemic comes, it can’t help using technology in the field of education ready or not. The government's policy to execute large-scale social restrictions or PSBB to prevent the transmission of the epidemic has made the implementation of the teaching and learning process online starting from elementary level to university. However, every change certainly causes pros and cons. There are both positive and negative sides to online learning. The positive side can make it easier and more efficient for face-to-face learning to be done from home anytime and anywhere. Meanwhile, the problems that arise include a lack of understanding in the use of technology, inadequate internet network facilities and many more effects as a result of this online learning. Therefore, this article discusses the phenomena that occur around education caused by the impact of the outbreak in the middle of the Covid 19 pandemic.

Effects of Digital Technology on Adolescents

There is a widespread use of digital technologies such as social media like Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, and mobile phones by adolescents. They are spending an average of 2-3 hours a day texting, gaming, and watching irrelevant videos. Due to this excessive use, it may lead to some health issues; it also helps to encourage the adolescents to improve their communication and knowledge. It thus follows that digital technology has both positive as well as negative effects on the young minds. However, there is no denying the fact that negative impact is much more vigorous than its positive repercussions. As far as the harmful effects of digital technology is concerned, social media and mobile devices may lead to psychological and physical issues. On the positive side, it empowers learning and communication. The need of the hour is to help and nurture our young minds in a way that they learn to focus on the positivity of the digital technology so that they can use it to the optimum and get benefitted in the best possible manner.

Maskawin dalam Sistem Perkawinan Tukar Suku Isirawa di Kampung Wari, Sarmi, Papua

This paper aims to explore and document the concept and meaning of dowry in the Isirawa people bride exchange system, determines its impact on women and children, and provides a reflective analysis from a feminist point of view regarding the dowry payment system. The research used the feminist ethnography qualitative method through literature studies, interviews, and observations. The results found that the dowry exchange system, when viewed from a positive side, means that women or children are considered very valuable and vital for the Isirawa community, namely to strengthen kinship between families and clumps, to continue the clan, as a tool of peace in a conflict as prevention of domestic violence. However, on the other hand, it has a negative impact that is more detrimental to women, namely limiting women's rights, violence, and unfair treatment of women and children. So, it needs to be criticized and consider changing some parts of the tradition that marginalize them by providing solutions, understandings, and new Christian values not to eliminate the existing culture but continue to enable carrying out the tradition for the welfare of the people without harming the other.AbstrakTulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan mendokumentasikan konsep dan makna maskawin dalam sistem perkawinan tukar pada Suku Isirawa, melihat dampaknya bagi perempuan dan anak, serta memberikan analisis reflektif dari sudut pandang feminis mengenai hal tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif etnografi feminis, melalui studi kepustakaan, wawancara, dan observasi. Hasilnya ditemukan bahwa pada sistem tukar-menukar maskawin tersebut jika dilihat dari sisi positif memiliki makna perempuan atau anak dianggap sangat berharga dan penting bagi masyarakat Isirawa, yakni untuk mempererat kekerabatan antar keluarga dan rumpun, meneruskan marga, dan sebagai alat perdamaian konflik seperti untuk mencegah kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. Tetapi, di sisi lain memiliki dampak negatif yang merugikan, beberapa di antaranya membatasi hak-hak perempuan, terjadi kekerasan, dan perlakuan tidak adil terhadap perempuan dan anak. Dengan demikian, perlu dikritisi dan dipertimbangkan untuk mengubah beberapa bagian tradisi yang memarinalkan tersebut dengan bersama-sama memberi solusi, pemahaman, dan nilai Kristiani yang baru, sehingga tidak serta-merta menghilangkan total budaya yang ada. Sebaliknya, tradisi tetap dapat terlaksana untuk menyejahterakan umat tanpa merugikan salah satu pihak.

MEMBANGUN DAN MEMELIHARA KOMUNIKASI DALAM KONSELING

ABSTRACTCommunication in daily life is a routine activity carried out by social creatures. Success in building good communication is determined by components effectively, empathy, and good manners between fellow educators, education staff, parents, students, and people. This study aims to find out how to create a communication relationship in counseling between BK teachers and students at Muhammadiyah Senior High School 1 of Yogyakarta. The author uses several methods to collect data, such as interviews and observations. The results of this study explain that the communication process in counseling between BK teachers and students includes several stages, namely: The first start by collecting data about students through a questionnaire tool to several problems and a list of problem notes, the second was the teacher provides opportunities for students to convey the problem they face, the third was empathize with students with verbal and non-verbal language, and the fourth was mentoring continuously to optimize students potential (every student who is naughty or problematic must have a positive side). Establishing and maintaining communication requires the following steps, these are relationship building, problem identification and assessment, facilitating counseling change, and evaluation and termination.Keywords: Communication, Counseling. ABSTRAKKomunikasi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari merupakan aktivitas rutin yang dilakukan oleh setiap makhluk sosial. Keberhasilan dalam membangun komunikasi yang baik sangat ditentukan oleh seluruh komponen secara efektif, empati, dan santun, baik antara sesama pendidik, tenaga kependidikan, orang tua, siswa dan masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana konsep membangun hubungan komunikasi dalam konseling antara guru BK dan peserta didik di sekolah SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Yogyakarta. Penulis menggunakan beberapa metode dalam pengumpulan data diantaranya wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa proses komunikasi dalam konseling antara guru BK dan siswa meliputi beberapa tahapan yaitu: 1). Diawali dengan mengumpulkan data-data tentang siswa melalui kuisioner alat ungkap masalah dan daftar catatan masalah, 2). Guru memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk menyampaikan masalah yang dihadapi, 3). Berempati kepada siswa dengan bahasa verbal dan non verbal, 4). Pendampingan secara terus-menerus untuk mengoptimalkan potensi siswa (setiap siswa yang nakal atau bermasalah pasti ada sisi positifnya). Membangun dan memelihara komunikasi diperlukan langkah-langkah sebagai berikut: membangun hubungan, identifikasi dan penilaian masalah, memfasilitasi perubahan konseling, serta evaluasi dan terminasi.Kata Kunci: Komunikasi, Konseling.

Psychological and Cultural Analysis of Attitude to Entrepreneurship in Russia and China

The article considers the attitude to entrepreneurial activity and entrepreneurs as a social group in society, which is one of the factors of formation of economic self-determination of entrepreneurs at the present time, from the position of interdisciplinary approach in the context of historical, cultural, psychological analyses. The values of Chinese and Russian business culture were influenced by traditional religious attitudes in these countries. Theoretical analysis showed that in Chinese culture the attitude to entrepreneurship was more stable and positive, the basis of entrepreneurship is rationality, pragmatism, compliance with social hierarchy. Incoherent images are rather inherent for the Russian culture; thus, the stereotype of the entrepreneur was endowed with negative qualities, both in pre-revolutionary times, and in the Soviet period, changes towards positive side emerged only in the 2000s. The article summarizes the empirical data on the prevailing value judgments regarding such economic categories as wealth, poverty, money, as well as the formed stereotypical images of the entrepreneur. According to Russian respondents, a positive and rational attitude to money dominates, but along with positive associations, the negative ones are vividly expressed, such as: dependence, cynicism, conflict, hopelessness, retrenchment, need, quarrels, crisis, etc. From the Chinese respondents’ point of view, money and wealth are values, on which status and credibility depend, and are associated with nobility and humanity. According to Russian and Chinese respondents, the stereotype of the mo­dern entrepreneur is characterized by the following qualities: respectful for people, communicative, cooperative, critical thinking, selective, rather independent, serious, intelligent.

The influence of Paternalistic leadership on the commitment and job satisfaction of the employees – A field study from the point of view of female administrators in academic departments at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah –: تأثير القيادة الأبوية على الالتزام والرضا الوظيفي – دراسة ميدانية من وجهة نظر الموظفات الإداريات في الأقسام الأكاديمية في جامعة الملك عبد العزيز بجدة –

The problem statement of this study is to check the influence of paternalistic leadership on the commitment and job satisfaction from the point of view of female administrators in academic departments at King Abdulaziz University. The aim of this study to contribute to increase the attention for the researchers to apply paternalistic leadership style, open the way for new studies, and help officials of academic departments in Saudi universities to upgrade the quality of the performance of the services provided by their subordinates through applying the paternalistic leadership style in their departments. The population of the study of female administrators in academic departments at King Abdulaziz University and a number of approximately 700 employees, the study sample was selected at random which has been adopted (63) The identification of origin (78). It has been used descriptive analytical method. And to analyze and manipulate data using a statistical computer program (SPSS). After the study data statistically analyzed the results showed that managers dealing with their employees by using paternalistic leadership style. In addition, there is a positive relationship between paternalistic leadership style and commitment of the employees. Although the leader was sometimes resorted to the use of authoritarian paternalistic leadership style, but the results showed that there is a functional commitment to the organization by the study sample. Also, there is a positive relationship between paternalistic leadership style and job satisfaction for the employees, even if the managers deal with their employees by using authoritarian paternalistic leadership style. In light of the results, researcher reached to a number of recommendations which is the most important one there is a need to apply the paternalistic leadership style by managers as it imparts the positive side on the commitment and job satisfaction of the employees. Finally, the researcher recommends to conduct more research in the paternalistic leadership style from the point of view of male administrators in academic departments at King Abdulaziz University, and comparing the results with the present study to determine the influence of Paternalistic leadership on the commitment and job satisfaction of the employees in the point of view of male and female employees.

The two faces of power-sharing

Lijphart’s claim that power-sharing spurs democratization in divided societies has strongly influenced ‘institutional engineering’ and is widely accepted among scholars despite the fact that empirical tests of its merits remain rare. This article revisits the democratic effect of power-sharing, arguing that it has two antagonist faces. On the positive side, it provides guarantees of inclusion to political elites, allowing them to commit to democratic rules. On the negative side, it also has an illiberal face, entailing limits on competition and individual rights. In this article, these contrary characteristics are traced back to two institutional types of power-sharing: a more flexible and open, liberal, type and a more rigid, corporate one. Using a novel dataset on power-sharing rules for 138 multi-ethnic countries and the period from 1945 to 2016, their respective democratic merits are tested. Conforming to theoretical expectations, the findings indicate that only liberal forms of power-sharing exhibit strong positive effects on democracy while corporate forms exert mixed or even negative ones. These findings are robust to a series of alternate model specifications and operationalizations as well as to instrumental variable approaches. In conclusion, the article indicates only a partial democratic effect of power-sharing, limited to its liberal subtype.

Is Preregistration Worthwhile? A Survey on Personal Experiences

The preregistration of research protocols and analysis plans is a main reform innovation to counteract confirmation bias in the social and behavioral sciences. While theoretical reasons to preregister are frequently discussed in the literature, the individually experienced advantages and disadvantages of this method remain largely unexplored. The goal of this exploratory study was to identify the benefits and challenges of preregistration from the researcher's perspective. To this aim, we surveyed 355 researchers, 299 of whom had used preregistration in their own work. The researchers indicated the experienced or expected effects of preregistration on their workflow. The results show that experiences and expectations are mostly positive. Researchers in our sample believe that implementing preregistration improves or is likely to improve the quality of their projects, and that preregistration makes it easier to avoid questionable research practices. Criticism of preregistration is primarily related to the increase in work-related stress and the overall duration of the project. The majority of researchers with experience in preregistration reported that the benefits outweigh the challenges. However, the majority of researchers without preregistration would not consider preregistration for future projects or recommend the practice to colleagues. Our interpretation of the results is that preregistration can have positive side-effects as it adds an extra preparatory step in researchers' workflow, thus requiring researchers to think through the theoretical and practical aspects of their project.