Processos de urbanização e degradação ambiental urbana: problematização no contexto da Educação de Jovens e Adultos

Esse artigo tem como objetivo analisar como se dá a inserção da educação ambiental no ensino de jovens e adultos a partir da problematização dos processos de urbanização e degradação ambiental urbana no município de Capão da Canoa (RS). Os instrumentos utilizados para coleta de dados foram questionários (objetivos e subjetivos) para os alunos, teste da pegada ecológica e debates. O envolvimento e participação dos alunos trouxe o movimento de pertencimento, de reflexões históricas, sociais e ambientais sobre a sua comunidade. A educação ambiental oferece condições de educar para a cidadania, para o pensamento crítico e político a respeito de problemas sociais e locais que aquela comunidade enfrenta. O teste da pegada ecológica possibilitou uma análise comparativa aos países desenvolvidos, as condições sociais e ambientais de cada um em relação aos alunos da turma, uma vez que o resultado foi menor que estes locais onde o uso dos recursos naturais e o descarte de resíduos. Conclui-se, a partir das ações desenvolvidas, que o resultado mais importante dessa pesquisa é a emergência do quanto se faz necessário espaços de vivência em Educação Ambiental em todos os níveis de escolaridade e segmentos da sociedade, promovendo reflexões e possibilitando ações de transformação de suas realidades.Palavras-chave: Degradação ambiental; Educação ambiental; Ensino de jovens e adultos.Urbanization processes and urban environmental degradation: problematization in the context of Youth and Adult EducationABSTRACTThis article aims to analyze the insertion of environmental education in youth and adult education from the problematization of urbanization processes and urban environmental degradation in the municipality of Capão da Canoa (RS). The instruments used for data collection were questionnaires (objective and subjective) for the students, ecological footprint tests and debates. The involvement and participation of the students brought the movement of belonging, of historical, social and environmental reflections about their community. Environmental education offers conditions to educate for citizenship, for critical and political thinking about social and local problems that that community faces. The ecological footprint test enabled a comparative analysis to developed countries, the social and environmental conditions of each in relation to the students of the class, since the result was lower than these places where the use of natural resources and waste disposal. It is concluded, from the actions developed, that the most important result of this research is the emergence of how much is necessary spaces of experience in Environmental Education at all levels of schooling and segments of society, promoting reflections and enabling actions to transform their realities.Keywords: Environmental degradation; Environmental education; Youth and adult education.Procesos de urbanización y degradación ambiental urbana: problematización en el contexto de la Educación de Jóvenes y AdultosRESUMENEste artículo tiene como objetivo analizar cómo la educación ambiental se inserta en la educación de jóvenes y adultos a partir de la problematización de los procesos de urbanización y degradación ambiental urbana en el municipio de Capão da Canoa (RS). Los instrumentos utilizados para la recogida de datos fueron cuestionarios (objetivos y subjetivos) para los estudiantes, test de huella ecológica y debates. La implicación y participación de los alumnos aportó el movimiento de pertenencia, la reflexión histórica, social y medioambiental sobre su comunidad. La educación ambiental ofrece condiciones para educar para la ciudadanía, para el pensamiento crítico y político sobre los problemas sociales y locales que enfrenta esa comunidad. La prueba de la huella ecológica permitió un análisis comparativo con los países desarrollados, las condiciones sociales y ambientales de cada uno en relación con los estudiantes de la clase, ya que el resultado fue inferior a estos lugares donde el uso de los recursos naturales y la eliminación de residuos. Se concluye, a partir de las acciones desarrolladas, que el resultado más importante de esta investigación es el surgimiento de cuanto es necesario espacios de experiencia en Educación Ambiental en todos los niveles de escolaridad y segmentos de la sociedad, promoviendo reflexiones y posibilitando acciones de transformación de sus realidades. Palabras clave: Degradación ambiental; Educación ambiental; Educación de jóvenes y adultos.

Bridging the Multiscale Hybrid-Mixed and Multiscale Hybrid High-Order methods

We establish the equivalence between the Multiscale Hybrid-Mixed (MHM) and the Multiscale Hybrid High-Order (MsHHO) methods for a variable diffusion problem with piecewise polynomial source term. Under the idealized assumption that the local problems defining the multiscale basis functions are exactly solved, we prove that the equivalence holds for general polytopal (coarse) meshes and arbitrary approximation orders. We also leverage the interchange of properties to perform a unified convergence analysis, as well as to improve on both methods.

Natural Scientific and Ecological Environmental Education in the Training of Kindergarten Teacher Students at the University of Sopron, Hungary

The greatest challenge of the 21st century is to recreate the disturbed balance between people and their environment. The functioning of the changed global system warns us about the multiplying of today’s global and local problems, which are affecting the world’s population. International organizations deal with this issue. In their opinion, environmental education and environmentally conscious thinking can be a way out of the crisis. The efficiency of environmental education is influenced by the ratio of theory and practice as well as the appropriately applied teaching methods, which is confirmed by the experience of the Ecology and Environmental Protection in Kindergarten course of the Benedek Elek Faculty of Pedagogy at the University of Sopron, Hungary.

Designing for unpredictable uses: A case study on cargo handling

BACKGROUND: Activity ergonomics aims to include work variability into design process to enable various dimensions of use in projects. As design evolves with use, understanding its characteristics is essential to decipher real working requirements. However, situated design can be pluralistic and may lead to different interpretations than initially intended. OBJECTIVE: This paper aims at understanding the relationship between the designing phase of work systems and the situated task design in high uncertainty operations. METHODS: In an ergonomic work analysis, cargo handling operations were observed at offshore platforms, followed by discussions with workers. Two case studies were selected for the intervention process to demonstrate how workers dealt with high uncertainty tasks on site. RESULTS: Situated task design exhibited three main characteristics: (1) the project emerges from the situation; (2) it has an intentional and original character; and (3) it is situated in time and space to solve local problems. CONCLUSIONS: This combination is the essence of a microproject, which is a concept proposed in this paper. The design must provide resources not only to execute work but also to redesign the task on site.

The Cultural Creation of the Ethnic Korean Minority in China

Korean-Chinese literature after the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC) predominantly eulogized the lives of farmers. Such literature portrayed farmers' lives and how, through their work, they could transform both their own livelihoods and that of the nation, this time not in the name of imperialism, but communism. Although such stories reflect themes that one finds in Chinese literature from that period, stories written by Korean-Chinese authors are distinct because they do not shy away from depicting their shared historical experiences under Japanese colonial rule in Manchukuo. Moreover, this colonial experience was in fact highlighted to make it play an important role in the creation and fortification of a Korean-Chinese identity. The Korean-Chinese stories from this period focus exclusively on the local to conjure an image of community. Local problems, however, were often construed as colonial remnants from the Japanese rule in Manchukuo and, in turn, stressed the perceived existence of class differences inside Korean-Chinese communities. While their literature was an attempt to expunge such traits and unify the Korean-Chinese community, they inadvertently created new narratives that exacerbated existing tensions and divisiveness instead.

Mandibular osteoma as a cause of ankylosis and progressive trismus

Osteomas are benign tumours of bone tissue restricted to the craniofacial skeleton. The aim of this article is to present and discuss the demographic and clinical aspects and the management of craniomaxillofacial osteomas. When the patient was submitted from primary care to our hospital, he was 68 years old, and he had ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint for the previos 4 years. A CT scan was performed, finding a giant mandibular osteoma. Conservative treatment and radiological follow-up were carried out with clinical stability. Osteomas more often are seen in the paranasal sinuses and in young adults, with no differences in gender. Most are asymptomatic, but they can cause local problems. For its diagnosis, CT is usually performed. Treatment options are conservative management and follow-up or surgery. Although rarely, they can recur. Mandibular peripheral osteoma is a rare entity. Depending on the symptoms, a conservative or surgical treatment can be chosen. A clinical and radiological follow-up is necessary to detect possible recurrences or enlargement.

Social exclusion and conflict in a rural tourism community: A case study from Likeng Village, China

Social exclusion is a dynamic process in which an individual or a group becomes isolated from an organization or community and deprived of their due rights and entitlements. This study analyzed a case of social exclusion and tourism conflict in Likeng village, Wuyuan, a rural Chinese community that is economically reliant on the tourism industry. Thematic analysis of interviews with 15 Likeng villagers across two time periods (2010 and 2016) revealed that residents experienced various dimensions of social exclusion. A lack of opportunities for effective participation in economic opportunities, political decisions, and community relationships related to the development of tourism in the community were key features of social exclusion, eventually leading to conflict. Linkages between local problems, policies, and community life should be established and opportunities for meaningful resident input in tourism development decision making should be utilized in order to decrease social exclusion and conflict.

Conclusion

In the concluding chapter, the lessons learned from urban agriculture and the ecovillage are summed up. Radical sustainability is at once socially and ecologically transformative—dismantling hierarchies toward total liberation—and regenerative—healing and restoring the health of people and the planet. A radical sustainability is informed by transformative and regenerative tools, such as a care narrative, community care, radical collective healing, community capacity assessments and building, skill sharing, and network building with other communities and organizations. This final chapter offers practical, community-oriented solutions to socioecological crises for people who cannot implement urban farming or intentional community. It is a call to arms for people to organize and begin creating grassroots solutions to local problems. It also examines the capacity for large-scale structural change and the possibility of collapse.