The Decline of Traditional State Dirigisme in France: The Transformation of Political Economic Policies and Policymaking Processes

Governance ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
VMEN A. SCHMIDT
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policies ◽  
Political Economic

Does Multiculturalism Menace? Governance, Cultural Rights and the Politics of Identity in Guatemala

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARLES R. HALE
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Politics Of Identity ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Cultural Project ◽  
Indigenous Rights Movement ◽  
Political Economic

This article challenges the assumption that the underlying principles of state-endorsed ‘multiculturalism’ stand in tension with neoliberal political-economic policies. Based on ethnographic research in Guatemala, it is argued that neoliberalism's cultural project entails pro-active recognition of a minimal package of cultural rights, and an equally vigorous rejection of the rest. The result is a dichotomy between recognised and recalcitrant indigenous subjects, which confronts the indigenous rights movement as a ‘menace’ even greater than the assimilationist policies of the previous era. It is suggested that the most effective response to this menace is probably not to engage in frontal opposition to neoliberal regimes, but rather to refuse the dichotomy altogether.

scholarly journals Global financial crisis

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
MSc. Jusuf Qarkaxhija ◽  
MSc. Labinot Hashani
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Global Aspect ◽  
Countries In Transition ◽  
Political Economic

The most recent developments in economy are a clear indicator of many changes, which are a result of this high rate pacing, which also demonstrates as such. Market economy processes occur as a result of intertwining of many potential technological and human factors, thereby creating a system of numerous diver-gences and turbulences. Economics, a social science, is characteri-sed with movements from a system to another system, and is har-monized with elements or components which have impacted the development and application of economic policies as a result. This example can be illustrated with the passing from a commanded system (centralized) to a self-governing (decentrali-zed) system, while the movement from a system to another is known as transi-tion. Such transition in its own nature bears a number of problems of almost any kind (political, economic, social, etc.), and is charac-terised with differences from a country to another.Financial crisis is a phenomenon consisting of a perception of economic policies and creation of an economic and financial stabi-lity in regional and global structures. From this, one may assume that each system has its own changes in its nature, and as a result of these changes, we have the crisis of such a system. Even in the economic field, if we look closely, we have such a problem, where development trends both in human and technological fields have created a large gap between older times and today, thereby crea-ting dynamics with a high intensity of action. If we dwell on the problem, and enter into the financial world, we can see that the so-called industrialized countries have made giant leaps in deve-lopment, while countries in transition have stalled in many fields, as a result of a high rate of corruption and unemployment in these countries, and obviously these indicators are directly connected, thereby stroking the financial system in these countries.Corruption is an element, which directly and indirectly influences the pro-cess of attracting foreign investment, and further influencing the growth of unemployment, and in turn expanding the financial crisis, where finances are already fragile.In the following sections, we will elaborate on the financial crisis in a global aspect, the impacts of this crisis in economic development, and the role of stock exchange in finance, thereby creating a multi-dimensional horizon of the problem.

scholarly journals Political Economy of the Syrian War: Patterns and Causes

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan Kabalan
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
The Social ◽  
To Come ◽  
Distribution Of Power ◽  
The One ◽  
Syrian Conflict ◽  
Political Economic

Amongst all the Arab countries that have witnessed social unrest over the past decade, Syria has emerged as a unique case. What started as a peaceful social effort to bring about overdue political reform turned into a bloody conflict. The 10 year-old civil war has largely devastated the Syrian economy and is likely to have lingering consequences on the country’s development for many years to come. This article deals with the political economy of the Syrian conflict. It argues that economic liberalization, poor public policies, and persistent drought in the years preceding the crisis, upset the social equilibrium and led to unrest. The very social class that used to support the once “socialist” regime in Damascus in the period 1963–2010 felt abandoned and betrayed by its economic policies. Indeed, the transition from a state-controlled economy into a free market economy, under Bashar al-Assad, may have served Syria in many ways, but it also created many problems. The ongoing conflict can be seen as a conflict about the distribution of power and wealth and, if Syria survives it as a united country, it will likely have a political, economic, and social equilibrium drastically different from the one it had.

The Material Frame

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-52
Author(s):  
Walter Armbrust
Keyword(s):  
General Character ◽  
The Political ◽  
Garden City ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Performance Space ◽  
Tahrir Square ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Material Frame ◽  
The City ◽  
The Revolution

This chapter discusses the material frame of Tahrir Square. As a space, it has been shaped by the political-economic policies of the past four decades, which essentially turned it into an antihuman space, nominally suitable only as a “nonplace” that people passed through. A liberalized economy under the umbrella of a state that systematically redistributed income upward shaped demands for “bread, freedom, and social justice” as surely as it walled off Bulaq from communication with its urban surroundings, segregated Garden City to protect the imperial agents of the “Washington consensus,” and prepared downtown for private redevelopment. The causes of the revolution were inscribed in the urban fabric of its primary theater. It should be emphasized that the revolution-era character of Tahrir Square is incomprehensible without linking it to the growth of the formal parts of the expanding city, specifically the suburbs and their gated communities. But it is equally incomprehensible without similarly linking it to the even more significant growth of the informal parts of the city, and indeed the more general character of informality in many spheres of life, most significantly labor, which was systematically made precarious by the same design that poured resources into the new cities and slated Bulaq for extinction. However, the quotidian antihuman Tahrir Square depicted in the chapter has greater depth as a performance space than one might think.

Religious Social Movements and Economic Welfare in Modern Turkey

2015 ◽  
pp. 257-278
Author(s):  
Cemile Zehra Köroğlu ◽  
Muhammet Ali Köroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Social Movements ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Modern Turkey ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
New Social Movement ◽  
Political Economic

In all societies, there have been some movements that point out social, political, economic, ideological, or moral problems or aim at partial or complete change. This chapter discusses the new meanings attributed to the concept of social movements in the postmodern era. A theoretical framework is proposed to understand the nature of social movements since the 1960s and to demonstrate their differences from classical movements. Turkey provides a particularly rich context with high potential for social movements, both with secular and religious aspirations. Religious social movements have shown quite a tense relationship with the state throughout the history of the republic; yet, they have gained power and prosperity through evolving liberal economic policies since the 1980s. Therefore, resource mobilization and new social movement paradigms are used in this chapter to explain Turkey's religious social movements today.

1 Basic Premise and Classification of Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Thomas K
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Basic Premise ◽  
Competition Law Enforcement ◽  
Political Economic

This chapter argues that there is no one universal approach to competition law and that the design and enforcement of competition law needs to take into account the political, economic, and social circumstances of the country. Given the overwhelming obstacles to attaining economic growth and development, economic policies in a developing country must be tailored to maximize the prospect of growth and development. This means that competition law enforcement should aim to promote growth and meet development needs, even if this may lead to conflict with other objectives of competition law such as the protection of consumer welfare and the pursuit of economic efficiency. Moreover, the various classifications of developing countries suggest that there is significant diversity among them. Indeed, there are likely to be significant differences in terms of market conditions among developing countries. Thus, it is unlikely that there is a single approach to competition law enforcement suitable for all of them.

scholarly journals Core tenets of the theory of ecologically unequal exchange

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Oulu
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Monetary Valuation ◽  
Unequal Exchange ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Ecological Resources ◽  
Political Economic

In this article, core tenets and claims of the theory of ecologically unequal exchange (EUE) are synthesized. EUE theory postulates a net flow of natural resources from peripheral developing to core industrialized countries through international trade, a situation which undermines the development of the periphery while enhancing that of the core. The key claims and EUE mechanisms are categorized and discussed under three topics: 1) the structure of the capitalist world-economy, 2) monetary valuation, and 3) equity and justice. The treadmill logic of capitalism in which capital extracts ecological resources and release waste in an endless pursuit of profits creates an expansionary dynamic which draws peripheral countries into exploitative market relations. This peripheralization is supported by 'free trade' economic policies, while nation-states and other political-economic institutions such as the WTO and IMF provide the regulations which ensure proper functioning of the system. Monetary valuation caps it by obscuring the inverse relationship between thermodynamics and economics, in which low-entropy energy and materials indispensable in economic production processes are lowly priced while processed goods which have dissipated most of their matter-energy are highly priced, ensuring that biophysical resources and profits accumulates in the industrialized Northern countries. This EUE framework is applied to the EU's Raw Materials Initiative from the vantage point of policy as implicit theory. By challenging mainstream policies and their underlying theories, the EUE perspective demonstrates that alternatives to neoliberal policy prescriptions exist and policy can play a crucial role in bringing about the necessary structural changes.Key words: ecologically unequal exchange, environmental justice, EU, capitalism, free trade, policy

Class Compromises in Industrial Democracies

1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 1183-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marick F. Masters ◽  
John D. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Politics ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Industrial Democracies ◽  
Democratic Stability ◽  
The Stability ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Political Economic

The stability of democracies has been of critical interest to students of comparative politics. One question that has received limited empirical analysis is, How do we integrate class conflict into the broader concept of democratic stability? We extend the work of Przeworski and Wallerstein. Our principal thesis is that as the material bases of class exchange diminish, the state intervenes economically to expand the resources conducive to class consent. A tripartite coalition thus emerges, with the state facilitating class compromise between labor and capital through economic policies. We explore this thesis in a cross-national analysis of data collected from 20 advanced industrial democracies during the time period 1965–83, and explore the essential conclusions and the political-economic implications of our findings.

scholarly journals Gendered Inequalities in the Informal Economy in Masvingo Urban of Zimbabwe

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Kurebwa
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Economic

This paper focuses on the gendered inequalities in the informal economy of Zimbabwe with specific reference to Masvingo urban in Zimbabwe. The informal economy in Zimbabwe is made up of unregistered and unrecorded statistics and therefore is not registered, supported or regulated by the Government. Women trading in the informal economy have little or no access to organised markets, credit institutions, formal education and training institutions, public services and amenities. Qualitative research methodology was used for the research. A case study research of Masvingo urban in Zimbabwe was used, while data was collected using key informant interviews, semi-structured interviews, observations and documentary search. The findings of the study indicates that women in the informal economy are affected by environmental, political, economic, social and personal constraints. Women are concentrated in this sector due to the value system in the society; fewer skills required for the jobs in this sector, technological advancement, and the traditional roles assigned to them. The study concludes that gender-sensitive macro-economic policies are an important enabler to address gender inequalities in the informal economy as they shape the economic environment for women’s empowerment. The study recommends that local authorities should come up gender-responsive policies to enable women to operate in an environment that has decent infrastructure for vending, free from police and sexual harassment and adequate security.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document