Non-Glabrous Species of Pseudocyphellaria from Southern South America

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Galloway
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
South Georgia

AbstractFourteen species of Pseudocyphellaria having tomentose or pubescent lobe margins and scabrid-areolate, or ±tomentose upper surfaces occur in southern South America (including Juan Fernandez, the Falkland Islands and South Georgia) south of latitude 34°S. A key and details of the anatomy, chemistry, distribution, morphology and nomenclature of each species are given. Two main groupings are represented in this study: (1) taxa with a ±scabrid-areolate or pubescent upper surface, having sessile, laminal apothecia with a well-developed excipulum proprium (lacking photobiont cells) and containing colourless, acicularfusiform spores (P. compar, P. endochrysa, P. scabrosa and P. vaccind); (2) taxa with a ±tomentose upper surface, having mainly marginal, pedicellate apothecia, with a prominent excipulum thallinum (containing photobiont cells) and with yellowbrown to brown, ellipsoid spores (P. dubia, P. guillemini, P. hirsuta, P. mallota, P. obvoluta, P. pilosella, P. santessonii and P. subrubelld). Pseudocyphellaria piloselloides and P. pluvialis are not known fertile. Pseudocyphellaria pluvialis R. Sant., P. santessonii D. Galloway and P. scabrosa R. Sant., are newly described and a new combination, P. guillemini (Mont.) D. Galloway, is proposed.

Charles Darwin and the Falkland Islands

Polar Record ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (139) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Grove
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
South America ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Galapagos Islands ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Evolution By Natural Selection ◽  
Endemic Flora

AbstractCharles Darwin's notes, diary entries and letters covering visits to southern South America and the Falkland Islands in 1833 and 1834 throw light on the revolutionary events of the time. His notes also contain the first indication of an evolutionary concept, suggested by the endemic flora and fauna of the Falklands, which guided his later observations on the Galapagos Islands and lead ultimately to his theory of evolution by natural selection.

Looking at the Falkland Islands from Antarctica: the broader regional perspective

Polar Record ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (174) ◽  
pp. 167-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Beck
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Common Element ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
The South ◽  
Regional Context ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
The Past ◽  
South Sandwich Islands ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Regional Perspective

AbstractA range of geographical, political, legal, economic, scientific, environmental, and other inter-connections can be drawn between the Falkland Islands and Antarctica. One common element concerns the fact that both areas remain the subject of long-standing dispute between Argentina and Britain. In the past, various attempts have been made to present Antarctic experience as the basis for action in the Falklands question, most notably, as part of the search for a resolution of the Anglo-Argentine impasse regarding sovereignty over the Falklands/Malvinas. A number of proposed linkages are examined, although, admittedly, it is easier to pose questions than to provide answers. Nevertheless, the proposals articulate the merits of viewing the Falkland Islands in a wider regional context, defined as covering the archipelago, South Georgia, the South Sandwich Islands, Antarctica, and possibly South America.

The genus Endocena (Icmadophilaceae): DNA evidence suggests the same fungus forms different morphologies

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan M. FRYDAY ◽  
Imke SCHMITT ◽  
Sergio PÉREZ-ORTEGA
Keyword(s):  
New Combination ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
The West ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Lichenicolous Fungi ◽  
Dna Evidence ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Opposite Situation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Terricolous Lichen

AbstractNumerous recent studies of lichenized fungi have uncovered hidden genetic diversity within a single phenotypic entity (so-called ‘cryptic species’). Here we report the opposite situation with vastly different morphologies apparently deriving from the same genotype. Endocena is a monotypic genus known only from southern South America. The single reported species, the terricolous E. informis, is morphologically variable; the type and other collections from the west coast of Chile being subfruticose, whereas specimens from further south and east are almost crustose in form. A sorediate terricolous lichen that is frequent on the Falkland Islands was confirmed by phylogenetic analysis of ITS rDNA and mtSSU rDNA sequences as being congeneric with E. informis and, surprisingly, both taxa were recovered as congeneric with the recently described genus and species Chirleja buckii, which is morphologically distinct from both E. informis and the sorediate taxon. Consequently, the genus Chirleja is included in the synonymy of Endocena and the new combination Endocena buckii is proposed. Because E. informis and the sorediate specimens have a similar thallus structure that differs radically from that of E. buckii, the name E. informis var. falklandica is proposed for the sorediate taxon. Poorly developed, incipient apothecia are also described from both varieties of E. informis, the first time that these have been reported for Endocena. We also report two lichenicolous fungi from E. informis var. informis, which are the first reports of lichenicolous fungi occurring on this genus.

South American Gasteromycetes. II. The genus Vascellum

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1285-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Homrich ◽  
J. E. Wright
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
New Combination ◽  
South American ◽  
Southern South America

In this second contribution to the Gasteromycetes of southern South America seven species of Vascellum Smarda found in that area are described. Of these, V. pampeanum (Speg.) Homrich is a new combination and V. cingulatum Homrich, V. cuzcoense Homrich, V. delicatum Homrich, and V. hyalinum Homrich are new species. Complete descriptions and illustrations of all features of the species are given, together with a key for their identification.

New species and combinations in Calvitimela and Tephromela from the southern subpolar region

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan M. FRYDAY
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Marion Island ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Heard Island ◽  
Campbell Island ◽  
Made In

AbstractThe new species Calvitimela austrochilenis Fryday and Tephromela superba Fryday are described: the former from several collections from southern Chile and one from Marion Island, and the latter from southern South America (including the Falkland Islands), Campbell Island, (New Zealand), and Antarctica. Four new combinations are also made in Tephromela: T. atrocaesia (Nyl. ex Cromb.) Fryday from Îles Kerguelen, Heard Island, South Georgia, and southern South America; T. atroviolacea (Flot.) Fryday from southern South America and Îles Kerguelen; T. lirellina (Darb.) Fryday from only southern South America; and T. skottsbergii (Darb.) Fryday, which is shown to be an earlier name for T. austrolitoralis (Zahlbr.) Kalb & Elix, from throughout the region. Lectotypes are selected for Lecanora atrocaesia and L. atroviolacea. The systematic placement of Tephromela eatonii (Cromb.) Hertel from Kerguelen, Marion Island and Bouvetøya is also discussed but the species is retained in Tephromela.

The Blechnum occidentale (Blechnaceae, Polypodiopsida) species group in southern and southeastern Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich ◽  
Alexandre Salino ◽  
Reinaldo Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
New Records ◽  
Species Group ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Taxonomic Study ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Taxonomic Descriptions ◽  
Tropical America

A taxonomic study of the Blechnum occidentale species group in southern and southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul) was carried out and eleven taxa were accepted (nine species, two hybrids). Four taxa are widely distributed in tropical America, three are widely distributed in South America, three are exclusive to southern South America, and one is restricted to Brazil. New records are presented for several taxa in states from southeastern Brazil, in other regions of the country, as well as in other countries. Taxonomic descriptions are presented for the whole genus and for all infrageneric taxa occurring in the study area as well as synonymies, lectotypifications, a new combination (Blechnum × leopoldense), a key for the identification of infrageneric taxa, comments and geographical distribution for each taxon.

Patagonian ash on sub-Antarctic South Georgia: expanding the tephrostratigraphy of southern South America into the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 482-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Toska Oppedal ◽  
Willem G. M. van der Bilt ◽  
Nicholas L. Balascio ◽  
Jostein Bakke
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Atlantic Sector ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
South Georgia
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