Determining the Intensity of Basic Emotions among People Suffering from Anorexia Nervosa Based on Free Statements about Their Body

Objective: This study sought to address one of the challenges of psychiatry-computer aided diagnosis and therapy of anorexia nervosa. The goal of the paper is to present a method of determining the intensity of five emotions (happiness, sadness, anxiety, anger and disgust) in medical notes, which was then used to analyze the feelings of people suffering from anorexia nervosa. In total, 96 notes were researched (46 from people suffering from anorexia and 52 from healthy people). Method: The developed solution allows a comprehensive assessment of the intensity of five feelings (happiness, sadness, anxiety, anger and disgust) occurring in text notes. This method implements Nencki Affective Word List dictionary extension, in which the original version has a limited vocabulary. The method was tested on a group of patients suffering from anorexia nervosa and a control group (healthy people without an eating disorder). Of the analyzed medical, only 8% of the words are in the original dictionary. Results: As a result of the study, two emotional profiles were obtained: one pattern for a healthy person and one for a person suffering from anorexia nervosa. Comparing the average emotional intensity in profiles of a healthy person and person with a disorder, a higher value of happiness intensity is noticeable in the profile of a healthy person than in the profile of a person with an illness. The opposite situation occurs with other emotions (sadness, anxiety, disgust, anger); they reach higher values in the case of the profile of a person suffering from anorexia nervosa. Discussion: The presented method can be used when observing the patient’s progress during applied therapy. It allows us to state whether the chosen method has a positive effect on the mental state of the patient, and if his emotional profile is similar to the emotional profile of a healthy person. The method can also be used during first diagnosis visit.

THE FORCE OF LAW AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO JUSTICE

The study focuses on a fundamental issue of legal sociology and the philosophy of law, which is the the force of law, which means his effectiveness and applicability in the community of those addressed by it, as the study linked the law to its purpose, and made the common general goal of the abstract law to achieve justice. When the law adopts justice it ensures its effectivness and its continuity in fact which acheive legal security. The study raised the hypothesis of the opposite situation, when the law is against justice, and it presented the possibilities avaible to the original commissionners of the base from individuals in a given community, and from the sub-commissionners represented in the enforcement agencies and judges to get out of the impasse on injust law.

The similarity of food consumption patterns in selected EU countries combined with the similarity of food production and imports

The purpose of the paper was to analyse changes in food consumption patterns in the European Union (EU) countries and link these patterns with food production and imports. The two research questions posed by the authors were as follows i): are the structures of the consumption, production and importation of food becoming more similar or more diverse among EU countries, and ii) are changes in food consumption patterns caused by changes in domestic production, or has food been imported to a greater extent from abroad. The study investigated countries which that have been continuously keeping relevant statistics since 1961. The food consumption structures recorded in the years 1961–1969 and 2010–2017 were compared among these countries. Following this, the countries were grouped into subsets using the criterion of greatest similarity in terms of food consumption structures. The same was done in the case of their food production and imports. The study found that countries were becoming increasingly similar in terms of their consumption patterns. An opposite situation occurred concerning food production. In the case of food imports, structural diversity between countries decreased. It follows that changes in food consumption patterns mainly occurred through the adjustment of imports.

Results of Frequency Analysis Distribution of A1188c Rs3212227 Polymorphism in the IL12b Gene among Patients with Chronic Polypoid Rhinosinusit

Our data confirm the complexity of the genetic mechanism for the development of polyposis processes in patients with CPRS and indicate the necessity and importance of understanding complex gene interactions in the analysis of the development and clinical stage of the studied pathology. Material and methods. In accordance with the purpose of the study and to fulfill the assigned tasks, clinical studies were carried out in 140 patients with CPRS and with chronic rhinosinusitis, who were examined and treated at the ENT department of the multidisciplinary clinic of the Tashkent Medical Academy in 2017-2019. To study the diallelic polymorphism of the promoter regions of the genes of the studied interleukins, 50 healthy (no CPRS) donors, men and women, were examined. The average age of the examined donors was 51.3 ± 1.44 years. Conclusion. Analyzing the prevalence of genotypic variants of this polymorphism, we revealed a direct association of the C / C monogenotype of the A1188C rs3212227 polymorphism in the IL12B gene with the development of polyposis processes. The study of the distribution of genotypes showed that the homozygous genotype A / A was insignificant, almost 1.2 times more often found in group 1 (80.64%), while the frequency of detection of the heterozygous genotype A / C was insignificantly 1.1 times higher among patients with HRC 2 groups. The opposite situation could be observed in the study of the homozygous C / C genotype, which was not identified among all study groups.

Results of Frequency Analysis Distribution of A1188c Rs3212227 Polymorphism in the IL12b Gene among Patients with Chronic Polypoid Rhinosinusitis

Our data confirm the complexity of the genetic mechanism for the development of polyposis processes in patients with CPRS and indicate the necessity and importance of understanding complex gene interactions in the analysis of the development and clinical stage of the studied pathology. Material and methods. In accordance with the purpose of the study and to fulfill the assigned tasks, clinical studies were carried out in 140 patients with CPRS and with chronic rhinosinusitis, who were examined and treated at the ENT department of the multidisciplinary clinic of the Tashkent Medical Academy in 2017-2019. To study the diallelic polymorphism of the promoter regions of the genes of the studied interleukins, 50 healthy (no CPRS) donors, men and women, were examined. The average age of the examined donors was 51.3 ± 1.44 years. Conclusion. Analyzing the prevalence of genotypic variants of this polymorphism, we revealed a direct association of the C / C monogenotype of the A1188C rs3212227 polymorphism in the IL12B gene with the development of polyposis processes. The study of the distribution of genotypes showed that the homozygous genotype A / A was insignificant, almost 1.2 times more often found in group 1 (80.64%), while the frequency of detection of the heterozygous genotype A / C was insignificantly 1.1 times higher among patients with HRC 2 groups. The opposite situation could be observed in the study of the homozygous C / C genotype, which was not identified among all study groups.

Information Spreading on Memory Activity-Driven Temporal Networks

Information spreading dynamics on temporal networks have attracted significant attention in the field of network science. Extensive real-data analyses revealed that network memory widely exists in the temporal network. This paper proposes a mathematical model to describe the information spreading dynamics with the network memory effect. We develop a Markovian approach to describe the model. Using the Monte Carlo simulation method, we find that network memory may suppress and promote the information spreading dynamics, which depends on the degree heterogeneity and fraction of bigots. The network memory effect suppresses the information spreading for small information transmission probability. The opposite situation happens for large value of information transmission probability. Moreover, network memory effect may benefit the information spreading, which depends on the degree heterogeneity of the activity-driven network. Our results presented in this paper help us understand the spreading dynamics on temporal networks.

The “Inverse” Seasonal Blood Pressure Variability Phenotype

The seasonal blood pressure variability (BPV) is known to demonstrate a typical winter peak. Recently, more attention is paid to the opposite situation: the summer BP levels being higher than those in winter. This phenomenon is called inverse BPV. The present article summarizes recent data on this topic. The data of the HOMED-BP project, as well as the results of the original prospective study in 770 hypertensive patients from two Russian Federation regions (mean follow-up duration 6.4 years), were used. According to the preliminary knowledge, the prevalence of inverse BPV in hypertensive patients is relatively high (15-25%). This phenomenon is more typical for treated patients, particularly for those on combination therapy, and is associated with beta-blocker intake. Higher duration of hypertension and higher levels of some risk factors (smoking) characterize the patients with inverse BPV. According to the HOMED-BP data, patients with inverse BPV had the highest overall cardiovascular risk (hazard ratio in comparison with the reference group of “minimal” “normal” BPV was 3.07; p=0.004). In summary, inverse BPV is a potentially unfavorable BP phenotype. However, its reproducibility and prospective value deserve further investigation. The absolute magnitude of seasonal BPV in these patients, calculated using different BP measurement methods, warrants special attention.

Interannual Variability in the Summer Season Onset, Length and End Dates Across the Iran (1948-2016)

It is very important to study the role of global warming on the variability of summer characteristics in arid and semi-arid climates such as Iran, because of its impact on natural and social systems.The aim of this study is to detect interannual variability in the onset, end and duration of the summer season in Iran. To achieve this goal, three indices are defined: physical, dynamic and synoptic. Daily data of the Earth's surface temperature (°C), tropopause level pressure (hPa) and geopotential height at 1000 hectopascals (m) are the basis of physical, dynamic and synoptic indices, respectively. Data were extracted from the reanalysis databases for 1948 to 2016 in different domains. A three-variable dataset using regional mean values allowed researchers to determine the start date (onset) of the summer based on the following thresholds: Temperatures above 25°C and duration of 10 days (physical index), tropopause level pressure less than 120 hPa and duration of 10 days (dynamic index), geopotential height at 1000 hPa less than 50 m and duration of 10 days (synoptic index). The opposite situation indicates the end of summer. The results showed that the start and end of summer based on physical, dynamic and synoptic indices are May 11 and September 21, June 4 and October 1, May 20 and September 15, respectively. The average length of summer is 134, 120 and 119 days, respectively. Statistically significant long-term trends have been observed for the start and end dates of the summer season. Seasonal variability has accelerated significantly since the late the twentieth century. In short, the summer season in Iran tends to start early and end late. As a result, summer lengths are longer in 80 percent of the years after 1981 compared with less than 50 percent from 1948 to 1981.

Evaluation of first-born cows of different genotypes on the indicators of udder development and milk production

Recently, an important element in improving the genetic traits of dairy cattle on commercial farms is the use of interbreeding (crossbreeding). The use of crossbreeding makes it possible to use a variety of additive genetic levels between breeds to grow individuals with higher economic potential. The aim of this study was to analyze the development of udder parameters in crossbred first-borns compared to purebred counterparts and to study the indicators of milk production during milking. The research was conducted on the first-born Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed and first-generation crossbreeds obtained by crossing with the Brown Swiss breed and on the Ukrainian red-spotted dairy breed and first-generation crossbreeds obtained by crossing Ukrainian red-spotted dairy breed with Montbeliarde breed. Two groups of purebred and local first-borns were formed in both farms. Both farms use the same type of year-round feeding of cows with complete feed mixtures. The study was performed on first-born cows during weaning (2–3 months of lactation). It was found that local first-borns obtained by crossing red-spotted and Montbeliarde breeds outnumbered purebred red-spotted analogues in terms of measurements and udder indices. The opposite situation was observed in local first-borns obtained as result of crossing black-spotted and Brown Swiss breeds, which were inferior in these characteristics to purebred black-spotted analogues. In purebred black and red-spotted cows, the rates of single and daily milking were higher than in local ones. Also, purebred first-borns had a longer duration of single milking, indicators of average and maximum intensity of milk production and milk yield in the first 3 minutes. Prospects for further research are to study the productivity for completed lactation, the quality of milk and the duration of the service period.

Behavior of stock prices due to the lock-up period expiration in IPOs and follow-ons

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to verify the effects of the lock-up expiration on the behavior of prices and volumes in IPOs and follow-ons in the Brazilian market and to identify factors that may explain the existence and magnitude of abnormal returns. Few studies were found to investigate this phenomenon in Brazil, which were limited to the analysis of IPOs without examining the effect on follow-ons and the construction of abnormal accumulated returns compared to the Ibovespa, instead of benchmarks appropriate to each stock's risk. Lock-up clauses exist to mitigate the problem of information asymmetry in public offers but expose investors to the risk of a price drop after its expiration. Understanding the magnitude of this impact is essential for investors in the stock market. Through this article's analysis, investors will be able to estimate the magnitude of the price variation around the lock-up expiration, what factors explain the returns, and whether there are indications of short selling limitations. The event study method was applied, comparing returns to the Ibovespa and an individual reference portfolio composed of similar companies. Database: 313 offers that occurred on the Brazilian stock market between 2004 and 2019. Evidence of volume increase was found around the expiry of lock-up in IPOs, but the price drop was verified only in companies with private equity funds as shareholders. In follow-ons, in which the asymmetry of information about the issuer is less pronounced, the opposite situation was verified. There are several extensions and lock-up formats worldwide, which provide different impacts on volume and price. This article contributes to the literature when analyzing this event in Brazil and extending the analysis to follow-ons. A possible interpretation for the phenomenon is the restrictions on short-selling in the Brazilian market.