Notes on the Didemnidae (Ascidiacea): I. The presence of Didemnum (Leptoclinides) faeröense (Bjerkan) in the Plymouth area

Leptoclinides faeröensis Bjerkan (1905) is a little-known boreal species which has been found only in the Atlantic Ocean (Fig. I). The most northerly record is from a little south of Spitzbergen, the most southerly from 37° 08' N., off the North American coast. It occurs on the coast of Norway and in the Faeroe Islands, but it has not been reported nearer to Plymouth than these two localities. Most records are from deepish waters, though it occurs in the sublittoral zone along the Norwegian coast. It was in this zone, at Looe Island (50' 20' 24“ N., 4 °26' 53” W.) near Plymouth, that we found a specimen of this species growing on a rock about 80 cm. below O.D.—just sufficiently low for it to remain covered by a few centimetres of water at the lowest tide of the year, the equinoctial spring tide.

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A REVISION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN OMALIINAE (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE): THE GENERA ARPEDIUM ERICHSON AND EUCNECOSUM REITTER

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent116487-4 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 116 (4) ◽

pp. 487-527 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

J. M. Campbell

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

North American ◽

Biological Data ◽

Eastern United States ◽

European Species ◽

Boreal Species ◽

Line Drawings ◽

The North ◽

New Synonymy ◽

Scanning Electron

AbstractThe North American species of the genera Arpedium Erichson, and Eucnecosum Reitter are revised. Five species are recognized, the holarctic species E. brachypterum (Gravenhorst), E. tenue (LeConte) and E. brunnescens (J. Sahlberg), the transcontinental boreal species A. cribratum Fauvel and the eastern United States species A. schwarzi Fauvel.Lectotypes are designated for E. brachypterum, A. cribratum, A. angulare Fauvel (= A. cribratum), and A. schwarzi. The following new synonymy is established, Arpedium norvegicum var. sallasi Munster and Eucnecosum meybohmi Lohse (= E. tenue) and Arpedium angulare Fauvel and A. columbiense Hatch (= A. cribratum). All genera and species are described and illustrated with scanning electron photomicrographs and line drawings, four maps showing the North American distribution of each species are provided, and keys are presented to aid in the identification of all the species as well as the European species Arpedium quadrum (Gravenhorst). All available records and biological data for the species are summarized.The use of the generic name Eucnecosum Reitter is discussed and the transfer of brachypterum, tenue, and brunnescens from Arpedium to this genus by Lohse is confirmed.

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Synoptic influences on springtime tropospheric O<sub>3</sub> and CO over the North American export region observed by TES

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-9-3755-2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 3755-3776 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

J. Hegarty ◽

H. Mao ◽

R. Talbot

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Ocean ◽

North Atlantic ◽

North American ◽

East Coast ◽

North Atlantic Ocean ◽

Free Troposphere ◽

The North ◽

Circulation Patterns ◽

The Us ◽

Us East Coast

Abstract. The relationship between synoptic circulation patterns over the western North Atlantic Ocean in spring (March, April, and May) and tropospheric O3 and CO was investigated using retrievals from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) for 2005 and 2006. Seasonal composites of TES retrievals reprocessed to remove the artificial geographic structure added from the a priori revealed a channel of slightly elevated O3 (>55 ppbv) and CO (>115 ppbv) at the 681 hPa retrieval level between 30° N and 45° N extending from North America out over the Atlantic Ocean. Ozone and CO in this region were correlated at r=0.22 with a slope value of 0.13 mol mol−1 indicative of the overall impact of photochemical chemical processes in North American continental export. Composites of TES retrievals for the six predominant circulation patterns identified as map types from sea level pressure fields of the NCEP FNL analyses showed large variability in the distribution of tropospheric O3. Map types MAM2 and MAM3 featuring cyclones near the US east coast produced the greatest export to the lower free troposphere with O3>65 ppbv and a relatively well-defined O3-CO correlation (slope values near 0.20 mol mol−1). The ensembles of HYSPLIT backward trajectories indicated that the high O3 levels were possibly a result of pollutants lofted to the free troposphere by the warm conveyor belt (WCB) of a cyclone. An important finding was that pollutant export occurred in the main WCB branch to the east of the cyclone and in a secondary branch circling to the back of the cyclone center. Conversely, a map type featuring a large anticyclone dominating the flow over the US east coast (MAM6) restricted export with O3 levels generally <55 ppbv and CO levels generally <110 ppbv. There was also evidence of stratospheric intrusions particularly to the north of 45° N in the 316 hPa composites predominately for MAM1 which featured a large cyclone near Newfoundland. However, the concurrence of these intrusions with pollutant export, specifically in the southwestern North Atlantic Ocean, made it difficult to delineate their respective contributions to the 681 hPa O3 composites.

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Synoptic influences on springtime tropospheric O<sub>3</sub> and CO over the North American export region observed by TES

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-8-19743-2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 19743-19789

Author(s):

J. Hegarty ◽

H. Mao ◽

R. Talbot

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Ocean ◽

North Atlantic ◽

North American ◽

East Coast ◽

North Atlantic Ocean ◽

Free Troposphere ◽

The North ◽

Circulation Patterns ◽

The Us ◽

Us East Coast

Abstract. The relationship between synoptic circulation patterns over the western North Atlantic Ocean in spring (March, April, and May) and tropospheric O3 and CO was investigated using retrievals from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) for 2005 and 2006. Seasonal composites of TES retrievals reprocessed to remove the artificial geographic structure added from the a priori revealed a channel of slightly elevated O3 (>55 ppbv) and CO (>115 ppbv) at the 681 hPa retrieval level between 30° N and 45° N extending from North America out over the Atlantic Ocean. Ozone and CO in this region were correlated at r=0.32 with a slope value of 0.16 indicative of the overall impact of photochemical chemical processes in North American continental export. Composites of TES retrievals for the six predominant circulation patterns identified as map types from sea level pressure fields of the NCEP FNL analyses showed large variability in the distribution of tropospheric O3. Map types featuring cyclones near the US east coast (MAM2–MAM5) produced the greatest export to the lower free troposphere with O3>65 ppbv and O3-CO slopes ranging 0.25–0.36. HYSPLIT backward trajectories indicated that the high O3 levels were possibly a result of pollutants lofted to the free troposphere by the warm conveyor belt (WCB) of a cyclone. An important finding was that pollutant export occurred in the main WCB branch to the east of the cyclone and in a secondary branch circling to the back of the cyclone center. Conversely, a map type featuring a large anticyclone dominating the flow over the US east coast (MAM6) restricted export with O3 levels generally <45 ppbv and an O3-CO slope near zero. There was also evidence of stratospheric intrusions particularly to the north of 45° N in the 316 hPa composites predominately for MAM1 which featured a large cyclone near Newfoundland. However, it was not clear from the available data that these intrusions had a strong impact on the 681 hPa O3 composites in the western North Atlantic Ocean further south where the data showed clear evidence of the influence of pollutant export.

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Export of North American Ozone Pollution to the North Atlantic Ocean

Science ◽

10.1126/science.259.5100.1436 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 259 (5100) ◽

pp. 1436-1439 ◽

Cited By ~ 244

Author(s):

D. D. Parrish ◽

J. S. Holloway ◽

M. Trainer ◽

P. C. Murphy ◽

F. C. Fehsenfeld ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Ocean ◽

North Atlantic ◽

North American ◽

North Atlantic Ocean ◽

Ozone Pollution ◽

The North ◽

The North Atlantic

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Seaweeds and rocky shores of the Outer Hebrides

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0269727000012690 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 77 ◽

pp. 141-153

Author(s):

T. A. Norton ◽

H. T. Powell

Keyword(s):

Spring Tide ◽

Rocky Shores ◽

Laminaria Hyperborea ◽

Brown Seaweeds ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

Sublittoral Zone ◽

Outer Hebrides ◽

History Of ◽

Sodium And Potassium

SynopsisThe Outer Hebrides are oceanic in character, bathed by comparatively warm waters derived from the North Atlantic Drift. The spring tide range is 3·5 m (west coast) and 4 m (east coast).The southern and western coasts include some of the most exposed shores in Britain and the steep rocky shores exhibit species and zonation patterns typical of north-west Britain. The sublittoral zone is mainly rocky and is dominated by beds of Laminaria hyperborea, which are very extensive west of the Uists.The eastern sides of the larger islands are much more sheltered and have numerous sea lochs many of which have great lengths of very sheltered rocky shore, dominated by extremely vigorous growths of fucoid algae, particularly Ascophyllum nodosum. Some of the lochs have extensive ramifications, with localized tidal tidal rapids supporting a rich and luxuriant flora and fauna.The paper reviews the literature on the ecology of the rocky shores, on the seaweeds in particular, and includes a full list of all seaweeds recorded in the islands with their distribution by island. (Two hundred and sixty-four species are recorded and this is about 38% of the British total.) Thus the seaweed flora is rich and diverse; the presence of selected species is discussed.The large brown seaweeds grow very luxuriantly in the Outer Hebrides and have been used by man there for many centuries. The history of this utilization is briefly reviewed. The fucoids and Laminaria spp. were formerly used extensively as a source of alkalis (sodium and potassium carbonates) and iodine. Nowadays very large tonnages of Ascophyllum are regularly harvested for the production of alginates; quantities of cast up Laminaria hyperborea are also used for this purpose.

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The lateral flux of biogenic particles from the eastern North American continental margin to the North Atlantic Ocean

Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography ◽

10.1016/0967-0645(94)90036-1 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 41 (2-3) ◽

pp. 583-601 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

P.G. Falkowski ◽

P.E. Biscaye ◽

C. Sancetta

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Ocean ◽

Continental Margin ◽

North Atlantic ◽

North American ◽

North Atlantic Ocean ◽

The North ◽

The North Atlantic

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Flux of particulate metals between east coast North American rivers and the North atlantic ocean

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/0048-9697(90)90234-l ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 97-98 ◽

pp. 115-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

H WINDOM

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Ocean ◽

North Atlantic ◽

North American ◽

East Coast ◽

North Atlantic Ocean ◽

The North ◽

Particulate Metals ◽

The North Atlantic

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Carex ×payettei, a new hybrid of Carex sect. Racemosae described from subarctic Quebec, Canada (Cyperaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.483.2.6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 483 (2) ◽

pp. 139-148

Author(s):

JACQUES CAYOUETTE ◽

ÉTIENNE LÉVEILLÉ-BOURRET

Keyword(s):

Boreal Forest ◽

North American ◽

Parental Species ◽

Pollen Stainability ◽

Boreal Species ◽

Forest Tundra ◽

The North

A new hybrid is described between two boreal species of Carex sect. Racemosae, the North American Carex atratiformis and the circumboreal Carex media, under the name of Carex ×payettei. It is reported in Nunavik (Northern Quebec, Canada), in nine localities within the Forest Tundra and Open Boreal Forest zones. It is intermediate in morphology between the parental species and is not completely sterile, frequently producing fruits. Pollen stainability of the hybrid varied between 10% and 37% while its parents display values above 95%.

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