Responses of a hydroid to surface water samples from the River Tamar and Plymouth Sound in relation to metal concentrations

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. D. Stebbing ◽  
J. J. Cleary ◽  
M. Brinsley ◽  
C. Goodchild ◽  
V. Santiago-Fandino
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Firm Conclusion ◽  
Biological Water ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Surface Water Samples ◽  
Biological Water Quality ◽  
Index Of Quality

The River Tamar and its tributaries drain a highly metalliferous area; and increased metal levels in river water might be expected to affect biological water quality in the estuary. In order to detect possible effects we have used sensitive responses to stress of the hydroid Campanularia flexuosa as an index of quality of water samples from the River Tamar, Plymouth Sound and Cattewater. No water samples caused inhibition of colonial growth rate, but in each experiment there were significant variations in other more sensitive responses. It is these variations that we have related to metal distributions, although of the metals measured, only copper and cadmium occasionally occur in concentrations that could be biologically significant, and at the same time show any correlation with the hydroid responses. The limitation of the survey to water of relatively high salinity does not permit a firm conclusion about the origin of these metals, but there are some indications that local inputs may be important.

scholarly journals Chemical Quality of Surface Water of Bhola Sadar Upazila in Bangladesh for Irrigation, Aquaculture, Drinking and Livestock Consumption

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
MF Karim ◽  
MW Zaman ◽  
R Sultana ◽  
MU Nizam ◽  
MR Kamruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Hard Limit ◽  
Surface Water Samples

A study was carried out with 25 pond water samples of Bhola Sadar Upazila to assess the quality of surface water for irrigation, aquaculture, drinking and livestock consumption. Chemical analyses of different parameters were done to assess the quality of water. All of the water samples showed slightly acidic in nature. Sixteen surface water samples were not suitable for drinking and aquaculture in respect of pH (pH <6.5). Electrical conductivity (EC) categorized the waters as “low salinity” (C1) to “medium salinity” (C2) class for irrigation. With respect to total dissolved solids surface waters were within “highest desirable limit” for drinking and irrigation and suitable for livestock consumption and aquaculture. Calcium and Magnesium content rated the samples as “maximum permissible” and “highest desirable” limit for drinking. All the samples were suitable for drinking in case of Na and K, 21 samples were not suitable for aquaculture due to higher (>5.0 mg L-1) K content. Six samples were unsuitable for livestock due to higher (Cl >30mgL- 1) Cl values. SSP rated 9 samples as “good”, 1 as “excellent”, 6 as “doubtful” and 9 as “permissible” for irrigation. With respect to RSC 21 samples were “suitable”, 3 were “marginal” and 1 was “unsuitable” for irrigation. Hardness classified 14 samples within “moderately hard”, 10 within “soft” and only one as “hard” limit for irrigation and 1 sample (No. 16) was unsuitable for livestock consumption. P, B, Cu and As concentration categorized all the samples suitable for irrigation, aquaculture, drinking and livestock consumption.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i1.22053 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(1): 131-140 2013

scholarly journals The Assessment of the Quality of Water Treatment Plants Effluent of Basrah City for Irrigation

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Naseh Ahmed Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Sodium Percentage ◽  
Surrounding Areas

The study included the assessment of the quality of the effluent of water treatment plants for irrigation uses. Eleven water treatment plants were selected in Basrah city center and surrounding areas which are Al-bradaiah1, Al-bradaiah2, Al-Ribat, R-Zero, Garmma1, Garmma2, Al Maqil, Al Jubila, Shatt Al_Arab, Al Hartha, and Al Basrah unified. One sample monthly were taken from these stations' effluent during January to December 2013, and the water samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), alkalinity, calcium (Ca++), magnesium (Mg++), chloride (Cl-), sulphate (SO4), total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium (Na+), potassium (K), bicarbonate(HCO3), and carbonate (CO3-2). Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP), Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) were calculated by using standard equations, but EC and SAR were plotted on Richard diagram it is illustrated that water samples of R- Zero and Al- Maqil  located in the class of C3-S1 representing high salinity with low sodium, which can be used for irrigation to all soil types with a minimum risk of exchangeable sodium, water samples of Al- Bradaiah1, Al- Bradaiah2, Garmma1 , Garmma2, Al Jubaila and Shatt Al-Arab located in the class of C4-S2, of very high salinity and medium sodium which is considered poor. Al- Basrah unified, Al Hartha and Al Ribat located in the class of C3-S2, of high salinity and medium sodium, which is considered as Marginal. The results of the study revealed that R- Zero, Al Maqil has a good water quality for irrigation and the rest need a more interesting in treatment, or reduce the rate of mixing with Shatt Al–Arab River.

scholarly journals Analysis of Indus Delta Groundwater and Surface water Suitability for Domestic and Irrigation Purposes

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1599-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Shabir Solangi ◽  
Altaf Ali Siyal ◽  
Pirah Siyal
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Gis Mapping ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Indus Delta ◽  
Surface Water Samples

The present study was conducted to analyze the suitability of groundwater and surface water of the Indus Delta, Pakistan for domestic and irrigation purposes based on the concentrations of arsenic (As), total dissolved solids (TDS), and chloride (Cl). Around 180 georeferenced groundwater and 50 surface water samples randomly collected were analyzed and mapped spatially using ArcGIS 10.5 software. The results were compared with their respective WHO and FAO guidelines. The analysis revealed that as in groundwater and surface water samples ranged up to 200, and 25 µg/L respectively. Similarly, the TDS in the groundwater and surface water ranged from 203 to 17, 664 mg/L and 378 to 38,272 mg/L respectively. The Cl in groundwater and surface water varied between 131 and 6,275 mg/L and 440 to 17,406 mg/L respectively. Overall, about 18%, 87% and 94% of the groundwater, and 10%, 92% and 56% of the surface waters possessed higher concentrations of As, TDS, and Cl, respectively. The higher levels of Cl in the samples are attributed to subsurface seawater intrusion in the delta. Analysis results and GIS mapping of water quality parameters revealed that in most of the delta, the quality of water was not suitable for drinking and agricultural purposes, thus should be properly treated before its use.

scholarly journals Quality of water sources in Southwestern Uganda using the compartment bag test (CBT): a cross-sectional descriptive study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-693
Author(s):  
Richard Onyuthi Apecu ◽  
Lucas Ampaire ◽  
Edgar Mugema Mulogo ◽  
Fred Norman Bagenda ◽  
Afsatou Traore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
World Health ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Gravitational Flow ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Compartment Bag Test

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the bacteriological quality of water sources in the two rural areas of Uganda using the compartment bag test (CBT). In total, 200 water samples were collected from 69 different water sources and processed within 6 h of collection. Positive and negative controls were processed each day together with water samples. Physical parameters were measured in situ. Descriptive statistics were used to generate mean, minimum, maximum, standard deviations and percentages. The results indicated that 29% of the water sources met the National Standards and World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines for drinking water. Sixty percent of the borehole, 44% of gravitational flow taps and 14% of roof rain water met the required standards. Of the open water sources, 75% of the rivers, 50% of open channels and 43% of unprotected dug wells plus 25% of protected springs and 9% of gravitational flow schemes had most probable number counts &gt;100 Escherichia coli/100 mL of water. Most of the water sources in the study areas were not fit for human consumption without prior treatment. The CBT was found to be robust and easy to use in all field situations. The mean physical parameters of water sources were within the acceptable limits.

scholarly journals Testing for viral material in water of public bathing areas of the Danube during summer, Vojvodina, Serbia, 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Jovanović Galović ◽  
Sanja Bijelović ◽  
Vesna Milošević ◽  
Ivana Hrnjaković Cvjetkovic ◽  
Milka Popović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Recreational Water ◽  
Recreational Waters ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Viral Indicators ◽  
Urban Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Recreational Use

From August to September 2014 a water quality study was conducted on five popular public Danube beaches in Vojvodina, Serbia. To assess the safety of Danube water for bathing, physical, chemical, bacteriological tests were performed. While many parameters for monitoring the quality of water are regulated by law, there are neither national nor international legislations addressing the presence of viruses in recreational waters. In this study, we performed analyses that surpassed national requirements, and investigated if adenovirus, enterovirus or rotavirus genetic material was present in samples of recreational water collected for quality monitoring. Of 90 water samples obtained during the study, enterovirus material was not found in any sample, but adenovirus and rotavirus genetic materials were respectively detected in 60 and 31 samples. Statistical analyses showed a significant correlation between adenovirus DNA and total coliforms in the water. Even when water samples were adequate for recreational use, adenoviruses were detected in 75% (57/76) of such samples. Our results indicate that implementation of viral indicators in recreational water might be helpful to better assess public health safety. This might be particularly relevant in areas where urban wastewater treatment is insufficient and surface waters affected by wastewater are used for recreation.

scholarly journals SEASONAL BIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF RIVER KSHIPRA USING BENTHIC MACRO-INVERTEBRATES

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (9SE) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Akhand Archna ◽  
Shrivastava Sharad ◽  
Akhand Pratibha
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Biological Water ◽  
Water Quality Status ◽  
Biological Water Quality

The water quality of River Kshipra in stretch of 195 km was studied for water quality status using benthic macro invertebrates for all three seasons’ monsoon, winter and summer. The River water quality is subject to severe domestic and industrial pollution at compete stretch of River. In the present investigation a total of 13 Orders of macrobenthic fauna i.e. Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Placoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Odonata, Crustacea, Diptera, Pulmonata, Operculata, Pulmonata, Oligochaeta and Hirudinea belong to 3 Phylum’s Arthropoda, Mollusca and Annelida were reported. Arthropoda was the most dominant group in all seasons. On seasonal comparison of benthic fauna is observe that abundance were decreasing order were, Winter > Monsoon > summer. To monitor the water quality samples from two years (2010-12) from different stations were collected monthly. The works highlighted the condition of the River water in various seasons with respect of the seasonal abundance of the benthic macro-invertebrates organisms mentioned above.

scholarly journals The impact of coal ash and slag dump on the quality of surface and ground waters - a case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-530
Author(s):  
Ivana Cipranic ◽  
Radmila Markovic ◽  
Stefan Djordjievski ◽  
Zoran Stevanovic ◽  
Marija Stevanovic
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Slag Dump ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents the assessment of the impact of coal ash and slag from the ?Maljevac? dump on the quality of water of Paleski Creek, Montenegro. The obtained results confirm the negative influence of surface and groundwater from the dump on the water from the Paleski Creek. The results obtained by testing of the water samples, collected from Paleski Creek upstream of the dump, indicate that the water is qualified to be used for drinking, after simple physical treatment and disinfection. The results obtained for the water samples collected from the Paleski creek downstream from the dump indicate that the water could be safe for drinking only after the treatment that requires an intensive physical, chemical and biological processing, including some extended treatment.

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