Domination of mesophotic ecosystems in the Wakatobi Marine National Park (Indonesia) by sponges, soft corals and other non-hard coral species

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Bell ◽  
J. Jompa ◽  
A. Haris ◽  
S. Werorilangi ◽  
M. Shaffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Coral Triangle ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Soft Corals ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Reduced Light ◽  
Encrusting Organisms ◽  
Water Coral

AbstractMesophotic ecosystems have been relatively poorly studied in the Indo-Pacific and in particular within the Coral Triangle region. Here we used a mini-ROV to explore the changes in major benthic groups at two sites (~200 m apart) in the Wakatobi Marine National Park, SE Sulawesi, Indonesia spanning shallow water coral reefs (5 m) to deeper water mesophotic ecosystems (80 m). We found very similar patterns at both sites where coral cover peaked at 15 m, declined rapidly by 30 m, and was virtually absent at 50 m. As coral declined there was a marked increase in sponges, soft corals and other encrusting organisms (including ascidians, bryozoans, tubeworms, gorgonians and molluscs). Importantly, our results differ from most previous studies in other geographic locations where hard corals extend much deeper. It is unclear what drives this difference but it may be related to higher levels of turbidity and therefore reduced light penetration in the Wakatobi compared with other areas, which limits the vertical extent of coral development.

scholarly journals Coral Reef Degradation Due to ‘Ship Grounding’ in Indonesia: Case Study of Ship Aground in Bangka-Belitung Waters by Mother Vessel MV Lyric Poet

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Idris Idris ◽  
Neviaty P. Zamani ◽  
Suharsono Suharsono ◽  
Fakhrurrozi Fakhrurrozi
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Lyric Poet ◽  
Ship Grounding

HighlightDamage to coral reefs by ship aground is twice the area of a football fieldFound four zones of damage including runoff, dune, blow and dispersalMortality of live coral and other benthic biota ranges from 75-100% in the affected locationThe form of damaged live coral growth is predominantly slow growing.Eight hard coral species were found on the IUCN-Redlist list with a vulnerable status.AbstractShip grounding on coral reefs often results in physical and biological damage, including dislodging and removal of corals from reefs, destruction of coral skeletons, erosion and removal of sediment deposits, and loss of three-dimensional complexity. Indonesia, as an archipelagic country, is very vulnerable to various pressures; for example, the case of ship grounding is a great concern of scientists, managers, divers, and sailors themselves. Most of the damage is very severe. The purpose of the research conducted is to identify the condition of the live coral cover, mapping the type and extent of coral reef damage, affected coral species, their conservation status, and to quantify the extent of the area of coral reef damage. Measuring the extent of damage to coral reef ecosystems using the fishbone method, while the level of damage and its impact was measured using the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) and belt transect method. The event of the grounding of the MV Lyric Poet on the Bangka Waters, Bangka-Belitung Province, has caused damage to the coral reef ecosystem. There are four damage zones identified, i.e., trajectory, mound, propeller, and dispersion zone. Corals are damaged with a total area of 13.540m2; equivalent to twice that of an international football field. Diversity of hard coral found as many as 49 species included in the CITES-Appendix II. A total of eight protected species are included in the IUCN Red List with extinction-prone status.

scholarly journals SENDEROS SUBMARINOS DEL PARQUE NACIONAL CAHUITA: DESCRIPCIÓN BIOLÓGICA

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Gerardo E. Palacios Martínez
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Diadema Antillarum ◽  
The Family ◽  
On Line ◽  
Line Transects

Los recorridos en los Senderos Submarinos del Parque Nacional Cahuitapermitieron identificar los organismos marinos presentes. La descripción biológica de la flora y la fauna se basó en la metodología de línea transecto y observación directa. El Sendero Submarino Perezoso presentó un 40% de cobertura de coral vivo, entre los cuales estaba el coral estrella (Siderastrea siderea) como dominante, las especies de peces más frecuente pertenecen a la familia Pomacentridae. El erizo negro (Diadema antillarum) es el más frecuente de los invertebrados y las algas registradas son del género Dictyota y la especie Halimeda opuntia. Las especies de coral Siderastrea siderea y Agaricia agaricites son las más frecuentes en los senderos submarinos de Perezoso y Eduardo. This survey provides biological information regarding the underwater trails of Cahuita National Park, and identifies the most common species present. The biological description of the flora and fauna are based on line transects and direct observation. The Perezoso underwater trail had 40% live coral cover, of which the Lobe coral (Siderastrea siderea) was the most common; the most common species of fish belonged to the family Pomacentridae. The long spined sea urchin (Diadema antillarum) was the most common among the invertebrates, and the algae recorded belonged to the genera Dictyota and Halimeda. The coral species  Siderastrea siderea and Agaricia agaricites were the most common corals of the Perezoso and Eduardo underwater trails.

Distribution, diversity and abundance of coral communities in the coastal waters of Pakistan

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjad Ali ◽  
Rupert Ormond ◽  
Wera Leujak ◽  
Pirzada Jamal A. Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Pocillopora Damicornis ◽  
Soft Corals ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Black Coral ◽  
Coral Communities

We assessed the distribution, diversity and abundance of corals in Pakistani waters. A total of 29 hard coral species (eight families and 14 genera), one black coral species and eight soft coral species (three families and seven genera) were recorded from 18 dive sites at nine locations along the coastline. Distribution of hard corals was extremely poor at Mubarak Village and Sandspit, and corals were not found at Goth Abdul Rehman, Gadani (Kuchiani) and Buleji. Moderately rich coral communities were recorded at Churna Island and at more exposed sites around Astola Island. By contrast highly diverse hard coral communities, with up to 80% cover, were found only at the northern sheltered side of Astola Island where Favites complanata, Favites pentagona, Coscinaraea monile and Porites nodifera were the most abundant species. Favites complanata was recorded from most dive sites at Astola Island. Porites nodifera and Pocillopora damicornis, and to a lesser extent Porites harrisoni, Leptastrea pruinosa and Psammocora obtusangulata formed large single species stands. No ‘true’ coral reef was found at any dive site; however, the formation of proto-reefs was evident around Astola Island. Soft corals were dominant at most exposed sites, particularly at Ormara (Roadrigues Shoals) and Jiwani. By comparing diversity with other locations in the region, corals distribution and growth appear to be fairly poor in Pakistan.

scholarly journals New distribution record of a true coral species, Psammocora contigua (Esper, 1794) from Gulf of Kachchh Marine National Park & Sanctuary, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 20266-20271
Author(s):  
R. Chandran ◽  
R. Senthil Kumaran ◽  
D.T. Vasavada ◽  
N.N. Joshi ◽  
Osman G. Husen
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Tropical Waters ◽  
Gulf Of Kachchh ◽  
The World ◽  
Living Species ◽  
Distribution Record ◽  
New Distribution

Reef-building corals are generally confined to tropical waters across the world oceans. But some coral species are able to tolerate even inhospitable environments and suboptimal extremes, and form lower diversity reefs habitats such as the Gulf of Kachchh, located along the northwestern coast of India. Among the reported hard coral species so far from the Gulf of Kachchh, genus Psammocora is represented by only one species, P. digitata. The present study confirmed a new distribution record of Psammocora contigua from Narara Island. Due to the changing hydro-geographic conditions in the Kachchh region, ramose and branching coral species have been believed to be extinct completely, leaving no sign of live colonies. P. contigua, recorded during the present study is the only living species with ramose growth form recorded so far from the Kachchh waters. The present study also holds out hope to record more new coral species records from the region.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Terumbu Karang di Zona Pemanfaatan Wisata Taman Nasional Karimunjawa (Coral Reef Characteristic of Tourism Zone, Karimunjawa National Park)

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Rohmani Sulisyati ◽  
Erny Poedjirahajoe ◽  
Lies Rahayu WF ◽  
Chafid Fandeli
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
National Park ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Hard Coral Cover ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Line Intercept

Karakteristik terumbu karang di suatu lokasi wisata perlu diketahui agar terumbu karang tetap dapat melangsungkan fungsinya dengan optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik terumbu karang di zona pemanfaatan wisata Taman Nasional Karimunjawa. Dilakukan pada bulan November 2013 pada 14 lokasi. Pengamatan terumbu karang dengan metode line intercept transect untuk melihat substrat dasar berdasar lifeform. Transek dilakukan pada dua kedalaman yaitu 3 meter dan 6–8 m untuk mewakili perairan dangkal dan dalam. Analisis kualitatif dilakukan untuk melihat tutupan karang keras serta pengukuran nilai indeks keanekaragaman, keseragaman dan dominasi. Hasil pengukuran kondisi fisik perairan termasuk dalam perairan produktif yang dapat menunjang kehidupan organisme di dalamnya. Kondisi terumbu karang pada daerah dangkal ditemukan 15 famili, 41 genus dan 104 species karang. Persentase tutupan karang keras termasuk kategori sedang – sangat baik. Keanekaragaman jenis yang melimpah sedang hingga tinggi dengan kondisi komunitas antara labil hingga stabil dan hampir tidak ditemukan dominasi jenis tertentu. Pada daerah dalam terdapat 15 famili, 39 genus dan 99 species. Tutupan karang keras sedang – baik, dengan keanekaragaman jenis melimpah tinggi dan stabil serta tidak ada jenis yang dominan. Genus Acropora dan Porites dapat ditemui pada seluruh lokasi. Karakteristik terumbu karang berkaitan dengan letak keberadaan pulau, terumbu karang pada pulau terlindung cenderung mempunyai komunitas yang stabil. Kata kunci: terumbu karang, tutupan karang keras, lifeform Coral  reef characteristic in the recreational area should be known to establish the function optimally. This study aims to quantify the characteristic of coral reef throughout tourism utilization zone of Karimunjawa National Park. Surveys were conducted  during November 2013 at 14 locations. Substrate cover was collected using line intercept transect methods. Transects were deployed at two depth i.e 3 meters and 6–8 meters to represent the shallow and the deep water. Qualitative analysis were done to measure the hard coral cover and diversity index, evenness index and domination. The result showed that physical condition of aquatic environment was productive water that can support living organisms. For shallow water there were 15 families, 41 generas and 104 species of hard coral. Hard  coral cover ranged from 36,5-82% and it was categorized as fair–excellent. Species abundance is moderate to high which a condition of community between unstable to stable and hardly found dominance of a specific species. While the deep water there were 15 families, 39 generas and 99 species corals. Hard coral cover ranged from 39,5-67,9% it was categorized as fair into good, with high species diversity and abundance of stable and there is no dominant species. Acropora and Porites genus can be found in all locations. Coral reef characteristic associated with the location where the island, the protected island tend to have stable community. Keywords: coral reef, hard coral cover, lifeform

Coral bleaching in turbid waters of north-western Australia

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lafratta ◽  
J. Fromont ◽  
P. Speare ◽  
C. H. L. Schönberg
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Coral Community ◽  
Soft Corals ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Turbid Waters ◽  
Benthic Survey ◽  
North Western

We report severe bleaching in a turbid water coral community in north-western Australia. Towed still imagery was used for a benthic survey near Onslow in March 2013 to assess thermal stress in hard and soft corals, finding 51–68% of all corals fully bleached in 10–15-m water depth. Tabulate or foliaceous Turbinaria was the locally most abundant hard coral (46%), followed by massives such as faviids and poritids (25%) and encrusting coral (12%), thus over 80% of the local corals could be considered to be bleaching resistant. All coral groups were bleached in similar proportions (massive hard corals 51%<soft corals 60%<encrusting hard corals 62%<Turbinaria 62%<‘others’ 68%). NOAA data and environmental assessments suggest previous recurrent thermal stress throughout the last 10 years in the study area. On the basis of these records this stress apparently changed the community structure from bleaching vulnerable species such as Acropora, leaving more tolerant species, and reduced coral cover. We could see no evidence for adaptation or acclimation of corals in this area. Towed still imagery was found to be a suitable means for rapid and large-scale bleaching studies in shallow, turbid areas where diving can be difficult or impossible.

scholarly journals Condition of Hard Corals and Quality of The Turbid Waters in Spermonde Islands (Case Studies in Kayangan Island, Samalona Island and Kodingareng Keke Island)

2021 ◽  
Vol 921 (1) ◽  
pp. 012060
Author(s):  
D Parenden ◽  
J Jompa ◽  
C Rani
Keyword(s):  
Coral Species ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
The Other ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Turbid Waters ◽  
Turbidity Level ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Hard Coral Cover

Abstract Coral reefs in Spermonde waters have experienced degradation as a result of the increasing turbidity in these waters. This research was conducted on Kayangan Island, Samalona Island and Kodingareng Keke Island, Spermonde Islands, Makassar City. The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of coral cover, types and the how much the turbidity of the waters influence the coral. The researcher measured the coral cover using Underwater Photo Transect and processed the data using CPCe software. The levels of turbidity were taken at three locations and examined in the laboratory and the other parameters were measured on site. The correlation between turbidity and coral cover was analysed by regression analysis method. Based on the regression results, the turbidity level has a negative effect on coral cover. The level of turbidity is higher on Kayangan Island with 0.89 NTU with a cover percentage of 4.95 %, Temperature of 30°C, Salinity of 30 ppm, DO of 5.44 mg/l, pH 7.8 and the species found were Porites and Faviidae. Samalona Island is 0.43 NTU with a percentage of coral cover of 14.08 %, Temperature of 30°C, Salinity of 30 ppm, DO of 5.44 mg/l, pH of 7.7 and the most common types are Acropora and Fungiidae. Kodingareng Keke Island has a turbidity value of 0.32 NTU, Temperature of 29°C, Salinity of 30 ppm, DO of 6.08 mg/l, pH 7.3 and the most common coral species, Fungiidae. Higher levels of turbidity in Kayangan Island will result in the death of certain coral species (unable to adapt) and will also have an impact on the percentage of hard coral cover.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE WAKATOBI NATIONAL PARK ZONATION SYSTEM AND DYNAMICS OF CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM CONDITION

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
Fikri Firmansyah ◽  
Adib Mustofa ◽  
Estradivar ◽  
Adrian Damora ◽  
Christian Novia N Handayani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
National Park ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Fish Abundance ◽  
Fish Biomass ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystem ◽  
Underwater Visual Census ◽  
Hard Coral Cover ◽  
Reef Ecosystem

The zonation can be evaluated by observing changes in ecosystem and social status in Wakatobi National Park (Taman Nasional Wakatobi – TNW). Coral reef ecosystem is one of the parameters indicating the effectiveness of zonation system. This study grouped TNW zones into No Take Zone (NTZ – area larang ambil; ZI, ZPB, ZPr) and use zone (UZ – area pemanfaatan; ZPL, ZPU) to determine impact of zonation implementation between 2009 – 2016 on coral reef ecosystem. Three parameters (benthic coverage, fish abundance and fish biomass) were determined by Point Intercept Transect (PIT) and underwater visual census (UVC) methods and all of these data were tested using two-way ANOVA. Hard coral coverage fluctuated between 19 – 32% however, NTZ and UZ had no significant hard coral cover differences (F=2,182, df=1, P=0,14). Abundance of carnivour fish (F=0,53, df=1, P=0,46) and herbivour fish (F=1,98, df=1, P=0,17) were similar between those two zones. Fish bombing and poisoning were two major threats until 2007. However, sand mining and waste management has overcome two previous major threats by 2017. Zonation system and its implementation can be one of mangement effectiveness indicators. Support Wakatobi National Park Authority, it is recommended to apply harvest control rules (HCR), regular patrol and monitoring and stakeholders capacity buiding. Keywords Benthic cover; fish abundance; fish biomass

scholarly journals TUTUPAN KARANG LUNAK DI PERAIRAN DESA PANDANGA KABUPATEN PULAU MOROTAI

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Kismanto Koroy ◽  
Nurafni Nurafni ◽  
Nurman Husain
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Reef Flat ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Soft Corals ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Flat Area

Terumbu karang memiliki keunikan diantara asosiasi atau komunitas lautan yang seluruhnya dibentuk oleh kegiatan biologis. Umumnya terdapat karang keras (hard coral) dan karang lunak (soft coral). Karang lunak (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) merupakan hewan anggota Colenterata yang hidup di perairan dangkal tropis dan subtropis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi karang lunak, dan menganalisis persen tutupan terumbu karang pada daerah rataan dan daerah tubir di perairan Desa Pandanga, Kabupaten Pulau Morotai. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan November - Desember 2019. Pengambilan data karang menggunakan metode LIT, dengan menetapkan 4 (empat) stasiun pengamatan masing-masing stasiun yang dibagi menjadi 2 (dua) daerah yaitu pada daerah tubir dan rataan. Setiap lifeform karang yang dilewati transek di dokumentasi dalam bentuk gambar yang selanjutnya akan diidentifikasi dan menghitung persentase tutupan karang lunak. Hasil penelitian menunjukan karang lunak yang ditemukan sebanyak 7 (tujuh) genus yaitu Sinularia, Isis, Cladiella, Lobophytum, Sarcophyton, Klyxum, dan Rumphella. Hasil analisis persen tutupan tertinggi untuk semua stasiun terdapat pada genus Sinularia (20,6%) di daerah tubir, sedangkan pada daerah rataan dengan persentase tertinggi terdapat pada genus Lobophytum (8,0%).SOFT CORAL COVERAGE IN PANDANGA VILLAGE WATERS, MOROTAI ISLAND REGENCY. Coral reefs are unique among oceanic associations or communities that are entirely formed by biological activities. Generally there are hard corals and soft corals. Soft corals Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) are members of the Colenterata that live in tropical and subtropical shallow waters. The aim of this study was to identify soft corals and analyze the percent cover of coral reefs in the flat areas and slope areas in the waters of Pandanga Village, Morotai Island Regency. This research was conducted in November - December 2019. The collection of coral data using the LIT method, by determine 4 (four) observation stations of each station which are divided into 2 (two) regions that in reef flat areas and reef slope areas. Each coral lifeform crossed by a transect is in the form of an image which will then be identified and calculate the percentage of soft coral cover. The results showed that there were 7 (seven) genera of soft corals Sinularia, Isis, Cladiella, Lobophytum, Sarcophyton, Klyxum, and Rumphella. The results of the highest percent cover analysis for all stations are in the genus Sinularia (20.6%) in the flat area, in reef flat areas the highest percentage in the genus Lobophytum (8.0%).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document