scholarly journals Low genetic variation in a Pacific cycad: conservation concerns for Cycas seemannii (Cycadaceae)

Oryx ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Keppel
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Abundance Estimates ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Fragmented Population

The conservation status of Cycas seemannii, native to Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga, is assessed based on isozyme analysis, abundance estimates and factors affecting the survival of the species. Genetic variation in the species is low and genetic differentiation between populations is high, as compared to plants in general and to other cycads. Lower genetic variation was detected in a fragmented population as compared to less disturbed populations. Low gene flow was also detected, implying little contact between the various populations. A conservative estimate of 17,000 individuals remaining in the wild was obtained, with more than half of these located on the islands of Vanuatu. Accounts of past abundance suggest declining population sizes, most likely the result of repeated burning. Other factors that may be contributing to the decline are decreasing importance to and protection by humans, habitat alteration for agricultural and developmental purposes, and poor dispersal and recolonisation potential. An assessment based on the present estimated abundance and what is known of recent declines in numbers, indicates that the species should be categorised as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. On some of the densely populated islands, such as Viti Levu in Fiji and Nukualofa in Tonga, the species is locally Endangered or Critically Endangered. Possible conservation measures are suggested, and it is emphasised that populations on different islands must be considered separately because of their genetic differentiation.

scholarly journals The changing fates of the world's mammals

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1578) ◽  
pp. 2598-2610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hoffmann ◽  
Jerrold L. Belant ◽  
Janice S. Chanson ◽  
Neil A. Cox ◽  
John Lamoreux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
International Union ◽  
The Status ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
In The Wild

A recent complete assessment of the conservation status of 5487 mammal species demonstrated that at least one-fifth are at risk of extinction in the wild. We retrospectively identified genuine changes in extinction risk for mammals between 1996 and 2008 to calculate changes in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List Index (RLI). Species-level trends in the conservation status of mammalian diversity reveal that extinction risk in large-bodied species is increasing, and that the rate of deterioration has been most accelerated in the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. Expanding agriculture and hunting have been the main drivers of increased extinction risk in mammals. Site-based protection and management, legislation, and captive-breeding and reintroduction programmes have led to improvements in 24 species. We contextualize these changes, and explain why both deteriorations and improvements may be under-reported. Although this study highlights where conservation actions are leading to improvements, it fails to account for instances where conservation has prevented further deteriorations in the status of the world's mammals. The continued utility of the RLI is dependent on sustained investment to ensure repeated assessments of mammals over time and to facilitate future calculations of the RLI and measurement against global targets.

scholarly journals The Ouvéa parakeet – state of knowledge and conservation status

Oryx ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Robinet ◽  
F. Beugnet ◽  
D. Dulieu ◽  
Ph. Chardonnet
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
South West ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Neighbouring Island ◽  
Very High

New Caledonia, a French territory in the south-west Pacific has a very high number of endemic taxa. The endemic fauna include a monotypic genus of parakeets – Eunymphicus. One subspecies, Eunymphicus cornutus uvaeensis, which is endemic to the island of Ouvéa in the Loyalty Islands, is seriously threatened by degradation of its natural habitat, natural predators and capture for sale to collectors. There are now only 200–500 individuals left in the wild. The parakeet is the emblem of Ouv–a and local people, together with research scientists, have formed a society with the aims of studying the parakeet in its natural environment, making the general public aware of its conservation requirements, combating smuggling, increasing its population by breeding it in captivity and, if possible, introducing it on to a neighbouring island.

scholarly journals Distribution, status, and conservation of Camellia changii Ye (Theaceae), a Critically Endangered plant endemic to southern China

Oryx ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Ren ◽  
Shuguang Jian ◽  
Yongju Chen ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
Qianmei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Flowering Rate ◽  
In The Wild

AbstractThe distribution of the endemic threatened plant Camellia changii Ye (Family Theaceae) is restricted to a small area in southern China, and little else is known about its status in the wild. To provide information for the conservation of C. changii we investigated its distribution, population size and structure, and habitat, and assessed its conservation status. Surveys confirmed that the species grows in a narrow band along both sides of a 4 km long segment of a stream in Ehuangzhang Nature Reserve, under the discontinuous canopy of a secondary evergreen broadleaved forest on well-drained, acidic sandy loam soil. We found a total of 1,039 individuals of C. changii. The population has a high flowering rate but a low seed-setting rate. The population appears to be in decline because no seedlings and few young plants were evident. Our findings indicate that C. changii should be categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. We have recommended an integrated species-conservation plan for the species that includes patrolling the Ehuangzhang Nature Reserve to prevent plant removal, establishing an ex situ living collection that contains the entire wild genetic diversity (accomplished by grafting of short cuttings from all wild individuals), facilitating propagation for commercial use, and implementing reintroduction to augment the wild population.

scholarly journals The medicinal plants of Myanmar

PhytoKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 1-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. DeFilipps ◽  
Gary A. Krupnick
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Asian Country ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Data Deficient ◽  
Comprehensive Compilation

A comprehensive compilation is provided of the medicinal plants of the Southeast Asian country of Myanmar (formerly Burma). This contribution, containing 123 families, 367 genera, and 472 species, was compiled from earlier treatments, monographs, books, and pamphlets, with some medicinal uses and preparations translated from Burmese to English. The entry for each species includes the Latin binomial, author(s), common Myanmar and English names, range, medicinal uses and preparations, and additional notes. Of the 472 species, 63 or 13% of them have been assessed for conservation status and are listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN 2017). Two species are listed as Extinct in the Wild, four as Threatened (two Endangered, two Vulnerable), two as Near Threatened, 48 Least Concerned, and seven Data Deficient. Botanic gardens worldwide hold 444 species (94%) within their living collections, while 28 species (6%) are not found any botanic garden. Preserving the traditional knowledge of Myanmar healers contributes to Target 13 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation.

Extinction risks and conservation status of Corybas (Orchidaceae; Orchidoideae; Diurideae) in Peninsular Malaysia

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 233 (3) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUSEA GO ◽  
TAN MUI CHING ◽  
AHMAD AINNUDIN NURUDDIN ◽  
JANNA ONG ABDULLAH ◽  
NG YONG JIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Herbarium Collections

Corybas is an elusive terrestrial orchid genus mostly inhabiting the high peaks in Peninsular Malaysia, which is the most vulnerable habitat to climate change. Nine species, of which seven are endemic, were studied based on natural populations, whereas information on another two was obtained from herbarium collections. Corybas caudatus was excluded from the study due to insufficient materials, and the type was not located. The species investigated were growing in small populations in the remaining moss-covered forests in the highlands. Human activities and temperature rise are two major threats to the wild populations. Our field observations revealed that Corybas species are good indicators of climate change as they are highly sensitive to temperature rise and drop in relative humidity. Judging from the current small number of specimens recollected, the small population sizes and degraded habitats where they grow, Corybas species in Peninsular Malaysia are all threatened by extinction in the wild.

scholarly journals Conservation status and recovery of Podocarpus angustifolius: a threatened tree of Cuba

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Ernesto Testé ◽  
Majela Hernández ◽  
Eldis R. Bécquer ◽  
Oliver Valle ◽  
Luis R. González-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Red List ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Area Of Occupancy ◽  
In The Wild

Abstract The recovery of species’ populations is one of the most challenging tasks in conservation, which is why species recovery is most likely to be successful if it involves as many stakeholders as possible. Podocarpus angustifolius, a tree endemic to Cuba, is potentially threatened by overexploitation, deforestation and expansion of exotic species. In December of 2017, in two protected areas containing the only known subpopulations of this species, we recorded the geographical position, height, and diameter at breast height of each individual, and calculated the extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO). We recorded a total of 575 individuals, 174 of which were adult (defined as ≥ 6 m height on the basis of the occurrence of reproductive structures), and most of which occurred in Lomas de Banao Ecological Reserve. The EOO and AOO were 125.8 km2 and 6.0 km2, respectively. All P. angustifolius that remain in the wild are within two protected areas, either in rainforest relicts or in coffee plantations. The size structure indicates a growing population. Based on our findings we recommend that P. angustifolius should be recategorized from Vulnerable (on the IUCN Red List) and Critically Endangered (on the national Red List) to Endangered, based on criterion D (small population size). We recommend the continued reinforcement of the population at Topes de Collantes Natural Protected Landscape and the continued engagement of local stakeholders for the long-term conservation of this species.

scholarly journals Macro- and micro-morphologies and conservation status of Hymenorchis javanica (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae): the only representative of the genus in Malaysia

Webbia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-328
Author(s):  
Edward Entalai Besi ◽  
Farah Alia Nordin ◽  
Rusea Go
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Iucn Criteria

Analysis of morphological characters and conservation status were carried out for Hymenorchis javanica from Peninsular Malaysia. Morphology was studied in detail and accompanied by a botanical drawing prior to the correct identification. From most closely related Hymenorchis phitamii found in Vietnam, it differs in the lip ovate-oblong with apex acute and margins entire, and the leaves margins prominently serrulate. Based on the current IUCN criteria, we proposed H. javanica as an endangered species under the threatened category. Judging from the current small population sizes and degraded habitats, H. javanica in Malaysia is threatened by extinction in the wild.

A New Micro-Endemic Species of Alectryon (Sapindaceae) from Koghis Forest, New Caledonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-162
Author(s):  
Jérôme Munzinger ◽  
Porter P. Lowry ◽  
Martin W. Callmander ◽  
Sven Buerki
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
Humid Forest ◽  
Iucn Red List Categories ◽  
Red List Categories

Abstract—The new species Alectryon hirsutus is described from New Caledonia. It is distinguished from the only other member of the genus occurring on this southwest Pacific island, A. carinatus, by its uniformly densely hirsute indumentum (vs. glabrous or with short, appressed trichomes) as well as features of its leaves [(2‐)3‐5 pairs of leaflets vs. 1‐2]) and fruits (9‐16 × 16‐28 mm vs. 5.6‐13 × 5.7‐10.6 mm), along with its presence in dense humid forest (vs. sclerophyllous or lowland dry forest). A preliminary conservation status of Critically Endangered [CR] is suggested following IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.

Conservation status of New Caledonia palms

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-C. Pintaud ◽  
T. Jaffré ◽  
J.-M. Veillon
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Iucn Red List Categories ◽  
Area Of Occupancy ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Red List Categories ◽  
Herbarium Collections

An assessment of the conservation status of the palm species occuring in New Caledonia is provided, based on the new IUCN Red List categories. To determine the conservation status of each species, their extent of occurrence was determined using locality data on herbarium collections. Area of occupancy, number of adults, regeneration, and threats were evaluated on 62 localities throughout the Territory, including all types of palm habitats and all localities of species occurring at less than five sites. Among the 37 palm species known in New Caledonia, all are endemic and 13 are in a threatened category, including four critically endangered, one endangered, and eight vulnerable. Only four of the threatened species are represented in a reserve. Six species are listed as LRcd since they are adequately protected in a reserve despite an acute restriction of their range. Recommendations are given to improve the network of protected areas to include more threatened species.

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