scholarly journals Nesting ecology and population trend of leatherback turtles Dermochelys coriacea at Pacuare Nature Reserve, Costa Rica

Oryx ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marga L. Rivas ◽  
Carlos Fernández ◽  
Adolfo Marco

AbstractThe leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea, the only extant species in its family, is categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. The protection of nesting beaches and the associated conservation efforts along the Western Atlantic coast of Central America have improved the population trends of some of the most important rookeries. Here we report the life history, ecology and population trends of leatherback turtles over 18 years (1994–2012, excluding 1998) of effective protection in the Pacuare Nature Reserve, on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. A mean density of 142 nests per km, probably the highest in Central America, indicates the importance of this rookery within the Caribbean region. Long-term conservation efforts at the Reserve have significantly reduced poaching and contributed to maintaining a high level of hatchling production. Long-term monitoring has also facilitated estimation of relevant demographic parameters of the population, such as nesting success (mean 69.8 ± SD 7.3%), clutch size (which is positively correlated with female size), hatching success (mean 55.2 ± SD 6.0%), remigration interval (2.5 years), and growth rate of remigrant females (mean 0.3 ± SD 1.0 cm per year), which is slightly faster than growth rates reported for Pacific leatherback turtles. Overall, efforts at Pacuare have been successful in protecting leatherback turtles and understanding their life history, highlighting the importance of long-term conservation projects for maintaining threatened leatherback populations.

2014 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Fernández Arce ◽  
Daniel Solís ◽  
Juan Luis Porras ◽  
Gino González

Zoosymposia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
SERGIO CAMBRONERO-SOLANO ◽  
R. BENAVIDES ◽  
F. A. SOLÍS-MARÍN ◽  
J. J. ALVARADO

The Caribbean is considered a unique biogeographic region that represents an important hotspot of marine diversity in the Atlantic Ocean. The Caribbean Continental Slope of Central America (CCCA) is a largely unexplored area that exhibits a variety of habitats. Among this unstudied biodiversity, special importance has been given to the benthic communities associated with deep bottoms, a diverse group that plays a major role in the ocean carbon cycling and nutrient flux. Echinoderms are one of the main benthic deep sea taxa, in which Holothuroidea is the globally dominant class. We present the results from the first exploratory fishing survey campaign on the CCCA, done under the regional coordination of OSPESCA (Central America Fisheries and Aquaculture Organization) on board of the R/V Miguel Oliver in January 2011. Data was collected from a total of 96 trawls arranged in 25 transects that started in Panama and finished in Belize. A Lofoten bottom trawling net was dragged for 30 min between 0 to 1500m depth. The major component of the total invertebrate catch was Holothuroidea with a biomass of 593 kg (16.49% of the total) and represented by seven species. The following are new reports for the Caribbean: Bathyplotes natans in Honduras and Guatemala, Bentothuria funebris in Panama, Benthodytes sanguinolenta in Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Belize; Hansenothuria sp. in Panama, Costa Rica and Honduras. Paroriza pallens extends its distribution to Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Honduras, Zygothuria lactea its reported in Panama. We also present the first records of the crinoid Neocomatella pulchella in Honduras, theasteroid Cheiraster (Cheiraster) planusin Panama, and, for Costa Rica (Asteroidea: Doraster constellatus and Echinoidea: Clypeaster euclastus).Holothurians are the predominant invertebrate fauna in terms of biomass in the entire region of the CCCA. These findings suggest that CCCA presents a high echinoderm biodiversity  and also supports the ecoregional variation theory. We report higher echinoderm biomass (75%) in the Southwestern Caribbean compared to Western Caribbean ecoregion. The information presented in this paper establishes the baseline information of echinoderms depth fauna in the Caribbean of Central America, and opens new opportunities for future research.


The Condor ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Ballard ◽  
Geoffrey R. Geupel ◽  
Nadav Nur ◽  
Thomas Gardali

Abstract We analyzed population trends from a constant-effort mist-netting study conducted in central coastal California during the autumns of 1979–1999. Of 31 taxa captured in sufficient numbers, 16 underwent statistically significant declines and none increased. Twice as many species declined from 1989–1999 as compared to 1979–1989. Overall, our results were similar to those of regional Breeding Bird Surveys determined for the same species during the same period. In an attempt to identify possible causes for trends, we grouped species by various life-history categories including nest height, nest type, likelihood of cowbird parasitism, wintering location, winter food preference, and tolerance for human presence on the breeding grounds. All groups underwent significant declines, although high nesters, common cowbird hosts, and Neotropical migrants declined faster than their respective counterparts. While life-history attributes explained differences in trends between groups, there was significant heterogeneity of trends within groups. Capture rates of certain species and groups appeared to be affected by various climate variables, and accelerating declines since 1990 may reflect effects of large-scale climate cycles, particularly on long-distance migrants. We suggest that long-term population trajectories of songbird populations across North America may be better understood in the context of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Interpretation of our results is, in some cases, problematic due to the complex interaction of methodological limitations and environmental variables, especially habitat change on the study site. We recommend the use of multiple methods and multiple sites for monitoring trends in songbird population abundance during fall migration. Disminuciones a Largo Plazo y Patrones Década a Década en Tendencias Poblacionales de Aves Canoras en el Oeste de Norte América, 1979–1999 Resumen. Analizamos las tendencias poblacionales de un estudio de esfuerzo constante con redes de niebla realizado en la costa central de California durante los otoños de 1979 a 1999. De las 31 especies capturadas en números suficientes, 16 sufrieron disminuciones estadísticamente significativas y ninguna aumentó. En comparación con el período de 1979 a 1989, el doble de las especies disminuyeron entre 1989 y 1999. En general, nuestros resultados fueron similares a los determinados para las mismas especies en el mismo período por los censos regionales de aves reproductivas. En un intento por identificar las posibles causas de las tendencias, agrupamos las especies de acuerdo a varias categorías de historias de vida incluyendo altura del nido, tipo de nido, probabilidad de parasitismo por Molothrus, localidad de invernada, preferencias alimenticias en el invierno y tolerancia ante la presencia humana en las áreas reproductivas. Todos los grupos sufrieron disminuciones significativas, aunque las aves con nidos altos, los hospederos comunes de Molothrus y los migrantes neotropicales disminuyeron más rápidamente que sus respectivas contrapartes. Aunque los atributos de historia de vida explicaron las diferencias de las tendencias entre grupos, existió una heterogeneidad significativa al interior de los grupos. Las tasas de captura de ciertas especies y grupos parecieron ser afectadas por varias variables climáticas, y las disminuciones aceleradas desde 1990 podrían reflejar efectos de ciclos climáticos a gran escala, particularmente en migrantes de larga distancia. Sugerimos que las tendencias poblacionales a largo plazo de las aves canoras a través de Norte América podrían ser mejor entendidas en el contexto de la oscilación década a década del Pacífico. En algunos casos, la interpretación de nuestros resultados es problemática debido a la compleja interacción entre las limitaciones metodológicas y las variables ambientales, especialmente los cambios en el hábitat en el sitio de estudio. Recomendamos el uso de múltiples métodos y sitios para monitorear las tendencias en la abundancia de las poblaciones de aves canoras durante la migración de otoño.


2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. e01371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott R. Benson ◽  
Karin A. Forney ◽  
Jeffrey E. Moore ◽  
Erin L. LaCasella ◽  
James T. Harvey ◽  
...  

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Lirman ◽  
Stephanie Schopmeyer

Reef restoration activities have proliferated in response to the need to mitigate coral declines and recover lost reef structure, function, and ecosystem services. Here, we describe the recent shift from costly and complex engineering solutions to recover degraded reef structure to more economical and efficient ecological approaches that focus on recovering the living components of reef communities. We review the adoption and expansion of the coral gardening framework in the Caribbean and Western Atlantic where practitioners now grow and outplant 10,000’s of corals onto degraded reefs each year. We detail the steps for establishing a gardening program as well as long-term goals and direct and indirect benefits of this approach in our region. With a strong scientific basis, coral gardening activities now contribute significantly to reef and species recovery, provide important scientific, education, and outreach opportunities, and offer alternate livelihoods to local stakeholders. While challenges still remain, the transition from engineering to ecological solutions for reef degradation has opened the field of coral reef restoration to a wider audience poised to contribute to reef conservation and recovery in regions where coral losses and recruitment bottlenecks hinder natural recovery.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine Vélez-Gavilán

Abstract D. eriantha is a perennial grass not considered as a serious weed in some countries, but a competitive and aggressive weed in others (PROTA, 2016; Tropical Forages, 2016; Weeds of Australia, 2016). The species is listed as invasive in Central America (Costa Rica), the Caribbean (Cuba), South America (Colombia, Ecuador) and Oceania (Australia, USA-Hawaii) (Oviedo Prieto et al., 2012; PIER, 2016). Catasús Guerra (2015), however, argues that the species should not be on the list of the invasive species for Cuba, due to lack of spread as it is being over-grazed and not producing viable seeds. It is on the list of the top 200 most invasive species in Queensland, Australia, forming dense populations in riparian areas, open woodlands and on some beaches (Weeds of Australia, 2016).


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
LaRoy S E Brandt ◽  
Maggie Singleton

Widely recognized as the largest terrestrial mammal in the Neotropics, the globally endangered, IUCN Red-listed, Baird’s tapir Tapirus bairdii has been in a continual decline due to habitat loss, localized hunting, and their low reproductive rates. Because of its ecological role, the loss of this species is likely to have a cascading effect on a number of species that are important to the ecological functioning of the remaining fragments of tropical forests across Central America. As efforts continue to identify regions where this species still persists throughout its known range, we report here a new record of T. bairdii in the Caribbean lowlands of northeast Costa Rica. Although T. bairdii may have historical existed in the region surrounding the field station, they were believed to be extirpated with only anecdotal reports suggesting their continued existence.


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