Studies on Penetrocephalus ganapatii, a new genus (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) from the marine teleost Saurida tumbil (Bloch)

Parasitology ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hanumantha Rao
Keyword(s):  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Shell Formation ◽  
Marine Teleost ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Vitelline Cells ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Egg Capsule

1. The character of the scolex, the long filamentous neck and the morphology of the proglottids are features which justify the establishment of a new genus, Penetrocephalus, to accommodate the pseudophyllid species P. ganapatii (= Both-riocephalus ganapatii (Rao, 1954), B. penetratus (Subhapradha, 1955)) from the marine teleost Saurida tumbil Bloch, off Waltair, Bay of Bengal.2. The anatomy of the female reproductive system is described in detail, and a preliminary interpretation of the histochemistry of egg-shell formation is given.3. On the basis of histochemical tests it is suggested that Mehlis's gland, which surrounds the cellular ootype, secretes a phospholipid-like material which may aid in the release of shell precursors from the vitelline cells, but it does not form part of the shell. It appears also to be responsible for the synthesis of PAS-positive yolky matter found in these cells in the egg capsule. The functions of Mehlis's gland in helminths are discussed.4. In a majority of helminths where the egg-shell is a quinone-tanned protein, it is considered that it is solely if not entirely derived from shell globules in the vitelline cells.

Studies on the structure of the female reproductive system and egg-shell formation inAspiculuris tetrapteraSchulz, (Nematoda: Oxyuroidea)

Parasitology ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Anya
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Shell Formation ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Classical Study ◽  
Quinone Tanning ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Exogenous Origin ◽  
Aspiculuris Tetraptera

The histological anatomy of the female reproductive system of an oxyuroid nematode,Aspiculuris tetraptera, Schulz, has been described.The process of egg-shell formation in this animal has been followed in detail while the structural and chemical characteristics of the egg-shell have been studied by histochemical and other methods. It is shown that there are three layers: a lipoprotein layer, a ‘chitinous’ layer and the so-called vitelline (glycosidal) membrane. Evidence is presented for the exogenous origin of the lipoprotein layer: this being formed by the cells of the upper uterus which are shown to be secretory.The question of quinone-tanning in the egg-shell ofA. tetrapteraand in other oxyuroids and ascarids is considered. It is shown that neither a polyphenol oxidase nor a high concentration of phenolic substances (apart from protein tyrosine) exists in this system. The significance of these and other observations is discussed in relation to the mechanism of tanning as elucidated in insects and trematodes.I have to acknowledge with gratitude the support of many during these investigations. To Dr P. Tate for his encouragement and provision of facilities at the Molteno Institute; to Dr D. L. Lee, for much useful discussion and permission to refer to some of his unpublished electron micrographs of nematodes; to Professor J. D. Smyth, who kindly read through the manuscript; to the Cambridge Philosophical Society for a grant that made possible the translation of Fauré-Frémiet's classical study onAscaris;and to the Department of Technical Cooperation for financial assistance.

A Technique for the Histochemical Demonstration of Polyphenol Oxidase and its application to Egg-shell Formation in Helminths and Byssus Formation in Mytilus

1954 ◽  
Vol s3-95 (30) ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
J. D. SMYTH
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Polyphenol Oxidase ◽  
Histochemical Demonstration ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Shell Formation ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Vitelline Cells ◽  
Quinone Tanning ◽  
Oxidase Test ◽  
Egg Shell

1. The distribution of polyphenol oxidase in quinone-tanning systems may be demonstrated in frozen-dried sections by incubation in 0.2 per cent, aqueous catechol at 400° C. for 15-60 minutes. A red colour develops at the enzyme site. 2. The evidence for the view that the egg-shell in trematodes, in certain cestode groups, and in turbellarians, is a quinone-tanned protein secreted by the so-called ‘vitelline’ glands, is summarized. The ‘vitelline’ cells, in addition to giving positive reactions for proteins and phenols, give a strongly positive reaction with the catechol polyphenol oxidase test. 3. The catechol technique may also be applied to whole helminths fixed in 70 per cent, alcohol, and serves as a useful whole mount stain for the shell-producing regions of the female genitalia. 4. In Mytilus the catechol technique reveals the presence of polyphenol oxidase in an ‘upper’ or enzyme gland in the foot. 5. It is suggested that in Mytilus the byssus is formed from a phenolic protein secreted from the phenol gland, which on contact with polyphenol oxidase can undergo ‘auto-quinone tanning’.

Shell gland and egg-shell formation in Fasciola hepatica L.

Parasitology ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 43 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Yosufzai
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Shell Gland ◽  
Shell Formation ◽  
Vitelline Cells ◽  
Egg Shell

1. The shell gland of Fasciola hepatica produces an extremely hyaline secretion. The egg-shell is formed from the hyaline secretion.2. As the eggs travel through the uterus, the shell is temporarily reinforced from the inside by vitelline granules. The vitelline granules are released when the vitelline cells enter the vitelline reservoir.3. Views regarding the nomenclature of the shell gland are discussed.4. The presence of an elliptical chamber in the shell gland is described. In this chamber, oocytes, vitelline granules and vitelline cells are mixed together, and here the secretion of the shell gland is released and the egg-shell is formed.5. The arrangement of the cellular constituents within the egg is effected by the elliptical chamber.

scholarly journals The Effect of Lithium Carbonate on Egg Shell Formation and Serum Calcium Level of the Hen

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 577-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Creek ◽  
Pauline Lund ◽  
O.P. Thomas ◽  
W.O. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Shell Formation ◽  
Egg Shell

Role of magnesium in egg shell formation in the domestic hen

1991 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Waddell ◽  
R. G. Board ◽  
V. D. Scott ◽  
S. G. Tullett
Keyword(s):  
Shell Formation ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Domestic Hen

SULFONAMIDES AND EGG-SHELL FORMATION IN THE DOMESTIC FOWL

Science ◽  
1945 ◽  
Vol 101 (2633) ◽  
pp. 617-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. BERNARD ◽  
P. GENEST
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Shell Formation ◽  
Egg Shell

Geocerthia, a new genus of terrestrial ovenbird (Aves: Passeriformes: Furnariidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2213 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. TERRY CHESSER ◽  
SANTIAGO CLARAMUNT ◽  
ELIZABETH DERRYBERRY ◽  
ROBB T. BRUMFIELD
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Form Part

The avian genus Upucerthia was until recently considered to consist of nine species (Sibley and Monroe 1990, Dickinson 2003, Remsen 2003) of mainly terrestrial ovenbirds, commonly known as earthcreepers. Recent molecular studies of the genus (Chesser et al. 2007, Fjeldså et al. 2007) indicated that Upucerthia, as traditionally constituted, was highly polyphyletic, its nine species apparently belonging to four distinct lineages. Four species of Upucerthia – albigula, jelskii, validirostris, and the name-bearing species dumetaria – formed a well-supported clade sister to Cinclodes (Chesser et al. 2007, Fjeldså et al. 2007). Of the five other species of Upucerthia, U. andaecola and U. ruficaudus formed a clade with Eremobius phoenicurus and Chilia melanura, all of which were subsequently transferred to the genus Ochetorhynchus (Chesser et al. 2007, Fjeldså et al. 2007). Upucerthia harterti and U. certhioides formed a distinct clade and were placed in the newly erected genus Tarphonomus (Chesser and Brumfield 2007). The position of the final species, U. serrana, was not well resolved, although it appeared to form part of a clade including the genera Cinclodes and Upucerthia sensu stricto (Chesser et al. 2007, Fjeldså et al. 2007).

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