The Identification of Multidrug Resistant Microorganisms Including Bergyella Zoohelcum Acquired from the Skin/Prosthetic Interface of Amputees and Their Susceptibility to Medihoney™ and Garlic Extract (Allicin)

BackgroundUsers of prosthetic devices face the accumulation of potentially drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria on the skin/prosthesis interface. In this study, we took surface swabs of the skin/prosthesis interface of eleven disabled athletes to identify microorganisms present. In addition to determining their antimicrobial resistance profile, we assessed their sensitivity to Manuka honey and Garlic extract (allicin) MethodsEleven volunteers were directed to swab the skin at the skin/prosthesis interface. After initial isolation of microorganisms we employed the following general microbiological methods; Gram stain, Catalase test, Oxidase test, lactose fermenting capability, haemolytic capability, Staphaurex, mannitol fermenting capability, Streptex; API Staph, 20E, Candida, and BBL crystal identification system tests. Once identified, isolates were analysed for their sensitivity to penicillin, erythromycin. ampicillin, vancomycin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and colistin-sulphate. Isolates were also analysed for their sensitivity to allicin (Garlic Extract (GE)) and Manuka honey (Medihoney™) (MH). ResultsEleven isolates were identified, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, Micrococcus spp., Bacillus subtilis, Group D Streptococcus, Pantoea spp., Enterobacter cloacae and Bergyella zoohelcum. All Gram-positive organisms were resistant to 1.5 units of penicillin and 10 μg of ampicillin, and two Gram-negatives Pseudomonas oryzihabitans and Bergyella zoohelcum were resistant to 10 μg ceftazidime, whilst Bergyella zoohelcum, was also resistant to 10 μg of gentamicin. In comparison, all organisms were sensitive to Manuka honey and nine sensitive to Allicin. ConclusionsThis study highlights the prevalence of uncommon drug resistant microorganisms on the skin within a vulnerable population, highlighting the potential for MH or GE intervention.

Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Fermented Foods

Probiotics are considered as successful major category of food supplements. Probiotics can be functional foods because their health benefits are essentially higher than traditional nutritional products. Probiotic bacteria was collected from home made and commercial fermented food samples. A total of 30 food samples were collected from local areas of Guntur in Andhra Pradesh. Bacteria were isolated on MRS agar medium after observation of growth and pure culture was obtained by sub-culturing on the same medium. Purity of each culture was confirmed by morphological investigation, Gram’s staining and further identification by specific biochemical tests. The isolates from both dairy and non-dairy fermented foods were identified as rods, bacilli, cocci and chain shape. While some isolates showed positive results some showed negative results for catalase test, methyl red test, oxidase test, aescualin fermentation, starch hydrolysis, arginine hydrolysis, citrate utilization and voges prausker’s test reaction. Based on morphological, cultural and biochemical characterization of 16 bacterial isolates out of 30 were identified as Lactobacillus spp.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Carbapenem resistance Pseudomonas

Aim: To figure out the antimicrobial sensitivity effect of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from several type of clinical specimens. Study setting: Department of Microbiology and Resource laboratory, University of Health Sciences Lahore. Methods: A sum total of 53 isolates of multi-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were selected from Jinnah hospital Lahore during the period of 1st January 2016 to 2nd February 2017. Nutrient agar slants were used for the transportation of resistant strains. In accordance with the CLSI manuals re-confirmation and processing of the strains were accomplished. The sub culturing and incubation was done on culture media such as MacConkey and blood agar at room temperature for 1 day. Standard confirmation of isolates under went by the graded morphological, cultural and biochemical techniques. In order to achieve this, Gram staining, culture media such as blood, oxidase test, motility test were executed. Results: The resistance pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa against antibiotics was as follows: Meropenem 53(100%), 51(96%) to piperacillin–tazobactam, 49(92%) to ceftazidime, 43(81%) to amikacin, 41(77%) showed resistance to aztreonam, 48(91%) to quinolones as shown in figure. Almost all the Pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant to aztreonam except for 23% (n=12 isolates). Colistin was predominant as the major strength of treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa with sensitivity of 48(91%). Keywords: Disk-diffusion, Carbapenem, McFarland.

IDENTIFIKASI DAN UJI SENSITIVITAS BAKTERI Neisseria gonorrhoeae TERHADAP ANTIBIOTIK SEFIKSIM PADA PEKERJA SEKS KOMERSIAL DI PUSKESMAS II DENPASAR SELATAN

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Gonorrhea infection varies greatly in the community, especially in sexually active women. Infection cases in women are often asymptomatic, that can causes complication can easily occur. The aims of this study are to identify and determine sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria against cefixime antibiotics. This study was using a descriptive method and used 30 samples. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolatd from the vaginal swab sample of Commercial Sex Workers at Puskesmas II Denpasar Selatan. The cultured bacteria on Thayer Martin media were then identified by gram staining, oxidase test, and catalase test. Neisseria gonorrhoeae sensitivity test against cefixime was performed by disc diffusion method. The results of identification showed that 6 (20 %) of 30 samples were Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria with cell characteristics in the form of diplococcus, gram-negative, oxidase and catalase positive. The results of the sensitivity test showed that all isolats of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were resistant to cefixime

The Presence of Microbial Air Contaminants in the Operating Theatre at a Teaching Hospital in East Coast Malaysia

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the presence of microbial air contaminants in the operating theatre at a teaching hospital. Objective: Airborne microbial level in operation theatre is one of the significant risks in hospital as it can increase the surgical site infection and nosocomial infections. Background: Duo SAS Super 360 Air Sampler was used to collect the airborne samples in triplicate each for nutrient and MacConkey agar at eight operation rooms and two corridors for morning and evening sessions. Sampling was conducted for three months and repeated every two months. Microbiological culture, gram staining and biochemical tests such as catalase test, oxidase test, coagulase test, Triple Sugar Iron Agar test, urease test, citrate test, Sulfide, Indole, Motility test, Methyl Red Voges-Proskauer test, disc diffusion test, and Albert’s stain were performed on the pure isolated culture. Methods: Sampling was conducted for three months and repeated every two months. Microbiological culture, gram staining and biochemical tests such as catalase test, oxidase test, coagulase test, Triple Sugar Iron Agar test, urease test, citrate test, Sulfide, Indole, Motility test, Methyl Red Voges- Proskauer test, disc diffusion test, and Albert’s stain were performed on the pure isolated culture. Bacteria that were present in the operation rooms were Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. while Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were absent. The bacteria identified in the operation theater may also cause surgical site infections and nosocomial infections to the patients, although the microbial contamination in the air of the operation theatre is low. Results: The bacteria identified in the operation theater may also cause surgical site infections and nosocomial infections to the patients, although the microbial contamination in the air of the operation theatre is low. Conclusion: Strengthening surveillance on the hygienic condition of the operation theatre and routine sampling is strongly recommended to control all possible sources and types of infection.

Molecular analysis of tetracycline resistant gene in gram-negative bacteria isolated from dairy farms

The present study was conducted from April 2019 to June 2019 in order to detect the tetracycline A resistant Gene in gram negative bacteria. A total of 40 buffalo's milk samples were collected randomly by aseptic technique, brought to laboratory. They were inoculated on Blood and MacConkey agars and then incubated at 37°C for 24 hours whereby growth of colonies were further confirmed with catalase test, Coagulase test, Oxidase test, Gram staining and API 20 E kit. Bacterial DNA was isolated using the boiling method. The Tet A gene (210 bp) was amplified in thermal cycler and run on 1.8-gram agarose gel with 50 kb ladder. The most predominant bacterial colonies observed were of Escherichia coli (10 (33.3%) followed by Klebsiella pneumonia 5 (16.7%), Klebsiella spp. 5 (16.7 %), Pseudomonas spp. 10 (33.3%) and prevalence of tetracycline A gene was 8 (26.7%).

Correction of experimental dislipoproteinemia by the intranasal administration of an original enzyme preparation

The article is devoted to the experimental study of the specific pharmacological activity of the original microbial cholesterol oxidase enzyme preparation obtained from Streptomices lavendulae. In the condition of modeling dyslipoproteinemia, a pronounced alimentary hyperlipidemia in rats with the intranasal route of administration, a dose-dependent lipid-lowering effect of the domestic enzyme preparation of microbial origin of cholesterol oxidase was detected. In moderate alimentary hyperlipidemia, based on the selection of animals with a difficultly developed conditioned drinking reflex, this original preparation of cholesterol oxidase in an effective dose has a hypolipidemic effect and normalization of the serum lipoprotein spectrum. Further studies are needed to finally clarify the question of the character, efficacy and hypolipidemic action of the natural-produced cholesterol oxidase test drug in other types of animals.

Incidence and Susceptibility Pattern of Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Selected Teaching Hospitals in Southwest Nigeria

Despite advances in sanitation facilities and the introduction of various antimicrobial agents with anti-pseudomonal activities, the life-threatening infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa has continue to be hospital infections. This study was aimed to determining the incidence and susceptibility patterns of P. aeruginosa from some teaching hospitals in Southwest, Nigeria. Seventy-seven (77) isolates of Pseudomonas species were obtained from different clinical specimens from three (3) teaching hospitals in southwest, Nigeria. The isolates were re-identified by culturing on cetrimide agar plate and oxidase test was performed on the isolates. Information on the site of isolation, age and gender of the patient were obtained from request forms. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections is mostly associated with the age range of 30-39 years in male patients and 10-19 years in female patients (P<0.05). The wound swab (29.87%) has the highest rate of P. aeruginosa infections closely followed by ear swab (22.08%). There was a statistical significant increase in the mean diameter of zone of inhibition of ciprofloxacin against P. aeruginosa when compared with other antibacterial agents (F-ratio = 18.798, P< 0.0001). However, P. aeruginosa was absolutely resistant to ceftazidime and augmentin.

Identification of Bacteria on Seblak Food around University of Jember Based on Microbiological Criteria of Processed Food

The quality of food that is good in bacteriological, chemical and physical must always be maintained in order to avoid diseases or health problems. Healthy and safe food is an important factor to improve the standard of public health. Seblak is a ready-to-eat Indonesian food which until now has never been carried out research about what kinds of bacteria in it. Seblak is a food made from raw crackers which is then deliberately soaked using hot water to have a chewy texture. This study aims to determine what types of bacteria are contained in seblak, through the process of isolation and identification in the macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical way. This study used 5 samples, which was repeated 5 times for each sample. Bacteria were isolated from the sample using spread plate techniques and observed by growing colonies on the plate. Each different colonies was observed microscopically through gram staining and endospore staining. To strengthen the data, biochemical tests were also carried out, biochemical tests that have been done in this study were the oxidase test, catalase test, and indole test. The results of the study showed that the bacteria that were found from the samples are in the genus of Bacillus sp. because they show the morphological characteristics of the colonies that form concentric circles, meanwhile, microscopic observations show morphological characteristics of cells in the form of gram-negative bacilli and have the endospores.