The distribution of lipids and glycogen in some female oxyuroids

Parasitology ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Anya
Keyword(s):  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Syphacia Obvelata ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Aspiculuris Tetraptera

1. The distribution of glycogen and lipids in three oxyuroids (Aspiculuris tetraptera, Enterobius vermicularis and Syphacia obvelata) is described and found to be similar to that in ascarids and other oxyuroids.2. Evidence is presented for the presence of both polysaccharides (possibly glycogen) and lipids in the cuticle.3. It is suggested that the chitinous layer of the egg-shell of A. tetraptera contains phospholipids in association with proteins.4. The distribution of phospholipids is described and it is suggested that their role is mainly structural.I am grateful to Dr P. Tate for advice and encouragement and to Dr D. L. Lee for much useful discussion and advice.

Studies on the function of the oxyurid egg-shell

Parasitology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Wharton
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Permeability Barrier ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Insect Eggs ◽  
Egg Shells ◽  
Syphacia Obvelata ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Aspiculuris Tetraptera

SUMMARYThe egg-shell of Hammerschmidtiella diesingi and Aspiculuris tetraptera reduces the rate of water loss from the egg when exposed to desiccation. Staining of the enclosed larva by acid fuchsin and the collapse of eggs exposed to desiccation indicate that the permeability barrier is heat labile. This suggests that the lipid layer is the main permeability barrie of the shell. The complex structure of the uterine layers has a similar morphology to the respiratory structures of the chorion of some insect eggs. Reflections from the shell, the rate of embryonic development under various conditions and the penetration of lead ions indicate that the shell does not trap a layer of air when immersed in water and the uterine layers cannot, therefore, function as a plastron network. Calculations indicate that if diffusion is limited to the pores in the external uterine layer, the area available for gaseous exchange is reduced by 85·5% in H. diesingi, 95·6% in A. tetraptera and 96·8% in Syphacia obvelata. It is suggested that the uterine layers of oxyurid egg-shells function in a similar fashion to the pores in bird egg-shells and the aeropyles in the chorion of insect egg-shells which do not possess plastron networks. These structures reduce water loss from the egg whilst ensuring an adequate supply of oxygen for embryonic development.

Effective eradication of pinworms (Syphacia obvelata and Aspiculuris tetraptera) with Polygonum cognatum Meissn

2019 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Tuğçe Gürağaç Dereli ◽  
Mert Ilhan ◽  
Esma Kozan ◽  
Esra Küpeli Akkol
Keyword(s):  
Syphacia Obvelata ◽  
Aspiculuris Tetraptera

scholarly journals Sanitary profile in mice and rat colonies in laboratory animal houses in Minas Gerais: I - Endo and ectoparasites

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1478-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Bicalho ◽  
F.T.M. Araújo ◽  
R.S. Rocha ◽  
O.S. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Hymenolepis Nana ◽  
Syphacia Muris ◽  
Syphacia Obvelata ◽  
Animal House ◽  
Aspiculuris Tetraptera ◽  
Giardia Muris ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

The sanitary conditions of 13 animal houses in nine public institutions in Minas Gerais, and the presence of endo and ectoparasites of mice and rats colonies kept in these facilities were evaluated. Data about barriers to prevent the transmission of diseases and a program of sanitary monitoring were obtained through a questionnaire and local visit. Parasitological methods were performed for diagnosing mite, lice, helminthes, and protozoa parasites in 344 mice and 111 rats. Data have shown that the majority of the animal houses had neither proper physical environment nor protection barriers to prevent the transmission of infections. Parasitological results have shown that only one animal house (7.7%) had parasite free animals, whereas the others have presented infected animals and the prevalences of parasites in the mice colonies were: Myobia musculi (23.1%); Myocoptes musculinus (38.5%); Radfordia affinis (15.4%); Syphacia obvelata (92.3%); Aspiculuris tetraptera (23.1%); Hymenolepis nana (15.4%); Spironucleus muris (46.2%); Giardia muris (46.2%); Tritrichomonas muris (53.8%); Trichomonas minuta (61.5%); Hexamastix muris (7.7%); and Entamoeba muris (84.6%). As for the rat colonies, the prevalences were: Poliplax spinulosa (8.1%); Syphacia muris (46.2%); Trichosomoides crassicauda (28.6%); Spironucleus muris (85.7%); Tritrichomonas muris (85.7%); Trichomonas minuta (85.7%); Hexamastix muris (14.3%) and Entamoeba muris (85.7%).

The structure of the egg-shell of Aspiculuris tetraptera Schulz (Nematoda: Oxyuroidea)

Parasitology ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Wharton
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Uterine Secretion ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Aspiculuris Tetraptera

The egg of Aspiculuris tetraptera is an ellipsoid measuring 93 × 40 µm. The shell consists of 5 layers: the external uterine layer, internal uterine layer, vitelline layer, chitinous layer and the lipid layer. This nomenclature is based upon the formation and histochemistry of the shell layers. The internal uterine layer contains a system of interconnecting spaces, partly filled by uterine secretion, which open to the exterior of the egg via breaks in the external uterine layer. The surface of the egg is covered by a system of interconnecting grooves. Freeze-etching reveals that the internal uterine layer is open to the exterior via pores, which open into the grooves. Rod-shaped particles are also revealed in the external uterine layer. The operculum of the egg consists of a modification of the uterine and chitinous layers of the shell.

Studies on the structure of the female reproductive system and egg-shell formation inAspiculuris tetrapteraSchulz, (Nematoda: Oxyuroidea)

Parasitology ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Anya
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Shell Formation ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Classical Study ◽  
Quinone Tanning ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Exogenous Origin ◽  
Aspiculuris Tetraptera

The histological anatomy of the female reproductive system of an oxyuroid nematode,Aspiculuris tetraptera, Schulz, has been described.The process of egg-shell formation in this animal has been followed in detail while the structural and chemical characteristics of the egg-shell have been studied by histochemical and other methods. It is shown that there are three layers: a lipoprotein layer, a ‘chitinous’ layer and the so-called vitelline (glycosidal) membrane. Evidence is presented for the exogenous origin of the lipoprotein layer: this being formed by the cells of the upper uterus which are shown to be secretory.The question of quinone-tanning in the egg-shell ofA. tetrapteraand in other oxyuroids and ascarids is considered. It is shown that neither a polyphenol oxidase nor a high concentration of phenolic substances (apart from protein tyrosine) exists in this system. The significance of these and other observations is discussed in relation to the mechanism of tanning as elucidated in insects and trematodes.I have to acknowledge with gratitude the support of many during these investigations. To Dr P. Tate for his encouragement and provision of facilities at the Molteno Institute; to Dr D. L. Lee, for much useful discussion and permission to refer to some of his unpublished electron micrographs of nematodes; to Professor J. D. Smyth, who kindly read through the manuscript; to the Cambridge Philosophical Society for a grant that made possible the translation of Fauré-Frémiet's classical study onAscaris;and to the Department of Technical Cooperation for financial assistance.

Continuous feed medication with thiabendazole for the removal of Hymenolepis nana, Syphacia obvelata and Aspiculuris tetraptera in naturally infected mice

1975 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Taffs
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Inbred Strain ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Hymenolepis Nana ◽  
Single Drug ◽  
Continuous Feed ◽  
Syphacia Obvelata ◽  
Aspiculuris Tetraptera

AbstractA medicated diet containing 0.3% thiabendazole fed continuously to 26 mice for 7 days removed 9 out of 11 (82%) Hymenolepis nana, (one tapeworm remaining in each of two mice), 17 out of 17 (100%) Syphacia obvelata and 8 out of 8 (100%) Aspiculuris tetraptera infections. By contrast in 26 non-treated mice 9 out of 10 Hymenolepis, 17 out of 18 Syphacia and 8 out of 8 Aspiculuris infections persisted through the 7 day treatment period, and at post mortem examination 38 Hymenolepsis, 1,562 Syphacia and 4,911 Aspiculuris worms were recovered. In a second experiment 100% removal of 23 Hymenolepis and 20 Syphacia infections was obtained after 14 days medication of 38 mice. High activity against both roundyvorms and tapeworms of mice was thus obtained using one single drug. Some unexplained deaths amongst inbred strain C3H/Hef Nimr mice occurred within seven day's of the continuous medication.

Oogenesis and egg-shell formation in Aspiculuris tetraptera Schulz (Nematoda: Oxyuroidea)

Parasitology ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Wharton
Keyword(s):  
Vitelline Membrane ◽  
Shell Formation ◽  
Perivitelline Space ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Aspiculuris Tetraptera ◽  
Lipid Layers

SUMMARYThe ovary of Aspiculuris tetraptera has a prominent terminal cap cell. This is considered to be part of the ovarian epithelium. Oogonia detach from the short rachis and increase in size from 6 to 60 μm; accumulating hyaline granules, shell granules and glycogen. The hyaline granules persist in the egg cytoplasm after shell formation has been completed and are considered to be lipoprotein yolk. The shell granules contribute to the non-chitin fraction of the chitinous layer. A classification of the cytoplasmic inclusions of the nematode oocyte is proposed. Upon fertilization a vitelline membrane is formed which constitutes the vitelline layer of the egg-shell. The chitinous layer is secreted in the perivitelline space, between the vitelline layer and the egg oolemma. Upon completion of chitinous layer synthesis, the egg cytoplasm contracts away from its inner surface. The material of the lipid layer is secreted at the surface of the egg cytoplasm and adheres to the inner surface of the chitinous layer. During secretion of the chitinous and lipid layers by the egg cytoplasm, the uterine cells secrete the unit membrane-like external uterine layer and the crystalline internal uterine layer. A complex system of interconnecting spaces develops in the internal uterine layer. This system is open to the exterior via breaks in the external uterine layer. There is no direct involvement of the uterine cells in the formation of this structure.

scholarly journals Control of oxyurids in mice using thiabendazole

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy A. MacArthur ◽  
Margery Wood
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Syphacia Obvelata ◽  
Aspiculuris Tetraptera

Mice with a natural infection of Syphacia obvelata and Aspiculuris tetraptera were continuously medicated with 0·1% thiabendazole in the diet. No oxyurids were found in test animals after 24 days of treatment though control animals remained infected. Growth rates in treated animals increased. 2 generations of mice were studied and, although overall production fell by 1·45%, the use of this drug in total eradication of the worms is suggested.

scholarly journals Helminth fauna of Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758 from the suburban area of Belgrade, Serbia

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Kataranovski ◽  
Olivera Vukicevic-Radic ◽  
Milena Kataranovski ◽  
Dusica Radovic ◽  
Ivana Mirkov
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Helminth Fauna ◽  
Suburban Area ◽  
Trichuris Muris ◽  
Heligmosomoides Polygyrus ◽  
Syphacia Obvelata ◽  
Aspiculuris Tetraptera ◽  
Taenia Taeniaeformis

The helminth fauna of the house mouse (Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758) was studied on the basis of 429 host individuals from the suburban area of Belgrade. Eleven helminth species were recorded: three cestode species - Catenotaenia pusilla, Rodentolepis fraterna, and Cysticercus (= Strobilocercus) fasciolaris [larval stage of Taenia taeniaeformis (Batsch, 1821)]; and eight nematode species - Heligmosomoides polygyrus, Syphacia sp., Aspiculuris tetraptera, Syphacia obvelata, Heterakis spumosa, Trichuris muris, Mastophorus muris, and Gongylonema sp. Within the general helminth fauna, H. polygyrus was found to be the most prevalent species (39.2%) and caused the highest infection intensity. Prevalences of A. tetraptera, C. pusilla, and S. obvelata ranged from 12.8% to 6.1%, while the remaining species showed prevalences ranging from 4.9% (for Syphacia sp.) to 0.2% (for Gongylonema sp.). All the species found in males were also present in females, with the exceptions of M. muris and Gongylonema sp. No significant differences were found between males and females regarding prevalence (P%), mean infection intensity (MI), or mean abundance (MA).

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