Echinococcus granulosusstrain differentiation based on sequence heterogeneity in mitochondrial genes of cytochromecoxidase-1 and NADH dehydrogenase-1

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. OBWALLER ◽  
R. SCHNEIDER ◽  
J. WALOCHNIK ◽  
B. GOLLACKNER ◽  
A. DEUTZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Sequence Heterogeneity ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Cattle Strain

Genetic analyses ofEchinococcus granulosusisolates from different intermediate host species have demonstrated substantial levels of variation for some genotype (strain) clusters. To determine the range of genetic variability within and between genotypes we amplified and cloned partialcox1andnadh1genes from 16 isolates ofE. granulosusfrom 4 continents. Furthermore, we sequenced different clones from a PCR product to analyse the intra-individual genetic variance. The findings showed a moderate degree of variance within single isolates and a significant degree of variance between the cluster of genotypes G1–G3 (sheep, Tasmanian sheep and buffalo strain), genotypes G4 (horse strain) and G5 (cattle strain) and the cluster of the genotypes G6 (camel strain) and G7 (pig strain). The variance of up to 2·2% within genotypes was relatively low compared with that of 4·3–15·7% among genotypes. The present results indicate that a re-examination of the classification of 5 genotypes ofEchinococcusis warranted. Hence, our data highly support a re-evaluation of the taxonomy of the clades G1–G3, G4, G5, G6/7 and G8 (cervid strain) within the genusEchinococcus.

scholarly journals Components of genetic variability and heritability of grain yield of silage maize

Genetika ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mile Secanski ◽  
Tomislav Zivanovic ◽  
Goran Todorovic ◽  
Gordana Surlan-Momirovic
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
V Genes ◽  
Set Up

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the following parameters for the grain yield of silage maize: variability of inbred lines and their diallel hybrids, superior-parent heterosis and components of genetic variability and heritability on the basis of the diallel set. The two-year four-replicate trial was set up according to the randomized complete-block design at Zemun Polje. It was determined that a genotype, year and their interaction significantly affected variability of this trait. The highest. i.e. the lowest grain yield, on the average for both investigation years. was recorded in the silage maize inbred lines ZPLB402 and ZPLB405. respectively. The analysis of components of genetic variance for grain yield shows that the additive component (D) was lower than the dominant (H1 and H2) genetic variance, while a positive component F and the frequency of dominant (u) and recessive (v) genes for this observed trait point to prevalence of dominant genes over recessive ones. Furthermore. this is confirmed by the ratio of dominant to recessive genes in parental genotypes for grain yield (Kd/Kr> 1) that is greater than unity in both years of investigation. The estimated value of the average degree of dominance (H1/D)1/2 exceeds unity, pointing out to superdominance in inheritance of this trait in both years of investigation. Results of Vr/Vr regression analysis indicate superdominance in inheritance of grain yield. Moreover. a registered presence of non-allelic interaction points out to the need to study effects of epistasis, as it can have a greater significance in certain hybrids. A greater value of dominant than additive variance resulted in high values of broad-sense heritability for grain yield in both investigation years (98.71%, i.e. 97.19% in 1997, i.e. 1998, respectively). and low values of narrow-sense heritability (11.9% in 1997 and 12.2% in 1998).

Cotranscriptional expression of mitochondrial genes for subunits of NADH dehydrogenase, nad5, nad4, nad2, in Marchantia polymorpha

1993 ◽  
Vol 237 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoko Nozato ◽  
Kenji Oda ◽  
Katsuyuki Yamato ◽  
Eiji Ohta ◽  
Miho Takemura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Marchantia Polymorpha

The subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus in Australia and Asia

Sexual Health ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Oelrichs
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Regional Diversity ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Australasian Region ◽  
Hiv 1

Worldwide, the human immunodeficiency virus exhibits a great genetic variability, with multiple circulating subtypes of the virus. This variability allows study of the movement of HIV strains within and between human populations but also has implications for diagnosis, treatment and monitoring. The type of HIV causing the epidemic in Australia is changing from being homogeneous subtype B, reflecting a greater regional diversity. In this paper the classification of HIV-1 subtypes and their distribution within the Australasian region are reviewed and the implications of these distribution patterns discussed.

Classification of wheat PPO genes and effect of non-synonymous cSNP on kernel PPO activity

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Xiao-Bo ◽  
Ma Chuan-Xi ◽  
Si Hong-Qi ◽  
He Xian-Fang
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Dnaman Software ◽  
Dna Fragment ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractPolyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity is highly related to the undesirable browning of wheat-based end products. In this study, wheat PPO sequences (mRNA) were searched/BLASTed in the NCBI database and aligned using DNAMAN software. The results showed that wheat PPO genes could be divided into two clusters (I and II) and that three genes (‘i’) of cluster II seemed not to be located on chromosomes 2A and 2D. Ninety-four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected between two haplotypes of the PPO gene on chromosome 2D. Eighty of these were found in the coding region (coding (c) SNPs) and 36 were non-synonymous cSNPs, which could affect the PPO amino acid sequence. Primers (STS-H) were designed at some non-synonymous cSNPs sites and were used to investigate the correlations between allelic variants and PPO activity of seeds – a total of 130 common wheat varieties were evaluated in 2 years. The results showed that STS-H could amplify a 460 bp DNA fragment in most cultivars with high PPO activity, while no PCR product was detected in most cultivars with low PPO activity. To improve the selection efficiency of a single dominance molecular marker, the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system of STS-H and STS01 markers was also studied, based on the complementary between them.

Genetic variability amongDicrocoelium dendriticumisolates from different regions in Shaanxi Province, China revealed by sequences of three mitochondrial genes

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Hui Zhao ◽  
Qing-Qing Bian ◽  
Wan-Xin Ren ◽  
Yan-Qing Jia ◽  
Wen-Yu Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Shaanxi Province

Genetic variability in the three mitochondrial genes amongOesophagostomum asperumisolates from different regions in Shaanxi and Hunan Provinces, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Qing Jia ◽  
Guang-Hui Zhao ◽  
Bing Hu ◽  
Wen-Yu Cheng ◽  
Shuai-Zhi Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes

scholarly journals Biodiversity and Classification of Lactococcal Phages

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 4338-4346 ◽  
Author(s):  
H�l�ne Deveau ◽  
Simon J. Labrie ◽  
Marie-Christine Chopin ◽  
Sylvain Moineau
Keyword(s):  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Reference Center ◽  
Detection Tool ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Pcr Method

ABSTRACT For this study, an in-depth review of the classification of Lactococcus lactis phages was performed. Reference phages as well as unclassified phages from international collections were analyzed by stringent DNA-DNA hybridization studies, electron microscopy observations, and sequence analyses. A new classification scheme for lactococcal phages is proposed that reduces the current 12 groups to 8. However, two new phages (Q54 and 1706), which are unrelated to known lactococcal phages, may belong to new emerging groups. The multiplex PCR method currently used for the rapid identification of phages from the three main lactococcal groups (936, c2, and P335) was improved and tested against the other groups, none of which gave a PCR product, confirming the specificity of this detection tool. However, this method does not detect all members of the highly diverse P335 group. The lactococcal phages characterized here were deposited in the F�lix d'H�relle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruses and represent a highly diverse viral community from the dairy environment.

Analysis of Genetic Variation in Ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacer and the NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit 4 Mitochondrial Genes of the Onchocerciasis VectorSimulium ochraceum

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario A. Rodríguez-pérez ◽  
Claudia A. Núñez-gonzález ◽  
Cristian Lizarazo-ortega ◽  
Alejandro Sánchez-varela ◽  
Michael C. Wooten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit

scholarly journals New mitochondrial and nuclear primers for the Mediterranean marine bivalve Pinna nobilis

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 416 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. SANNA ◽  
G.L. DEDOLA ◽  
F. SCARPA ◽  
T. LAI ◽  
P. COSSU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Marine Bivalve ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Pinna Nobilis ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Effective Conservation

Pinna nobilis is the largest endemic Mediterranean marine bivalve. During past centuries, various human activities led to the regression of its populations. As a consequence of stringent standards of protection, demographic expansions are currently reported in many sites. We designed a set of four mitochondrial- and two nuclear- specific PCR-primers with the aim to provide molecular tools to gather new insights into the genetic variability of this species. A total of 54 specimens were sampled from 25 Mediterranean localities in order to evaluate the level of polymorphism of these markers in P. nobilis. The most variable molecular markers identified were the mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I (COI), NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 (nad3), and 16S ribosomal DNA (16S). Positive results, in terms of good amplifications and scorable sequences, were also obtained in the co-generic Pinna rudis. The molecular markers identified in this study, and the PCR-protocols provided, represent a useful tool for future researches devoted to infer the genetic variability of P. nobilis populations thus allowing the development of effective conservation measures.

scholarly journals Genetic and morphometric variability between populations of Betula ×oycoviensis from Poland and Czechia: A revised view of the taxonomic treatment of the Ojców birch

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243310
Author(s):  
Rostislav Linda ◽  
Ivan Kuneš ◽  
Martin Baláš
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
Polish Population ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
Czech Population

Birches are generally known for their high genetic and morphological variability, which has resulted in the description of many species. Ojców birch was described in 1809 by Willibald Suibert Joseph Gottlieb Besser in Poland. Since then, several studies assessing its taxonomy were conducted. Today, various authors present Ojców birch at different taxonomic ranks. In Czechia, the Ojców birch is classified a critically endangered taxon and confirmed at one locality consisting of several tens of individuals. However, before a strategy for its conservation can be applied, we consider it necessary to assess the taxonomic position of the endangered Czech population and to evaluate its relationship to the original Polish population. This study aimed to evaluate the morphometric and genetic variability between populations of B. ×oycoviensis in Poland and the Czechia and their relationship to regional populations of B. pendula, one of the putative parental species of the Ojców birch. Altogether, 106 individuals were sampled, including the holotype of B. szaferi, the second putative parental species of B. ×oycoviensis, received from the herbarium of W. Szafer, which is deposited at the Institute of Botany in Kraków. Morphological analyses identified differences in leaves between B. ×oycoviensis and B. pendula. However, no significant differences were found in genome size between selected taxa/working units except for B. pendula sampled in Czechia. The identified difference of the Czech population of B. pendula is probably caused by population variability. Genetic variability between all the taxa under comparison, regardless of their origin, was also very low; only the benchmark taxa (B. nana and B. humilis) clearly differed from all samples analyzed. The results indicate minute morphological and negligible genetic variability between the Czech and Polish populations of B. ×oycoviensis. In light of our results, the classification of B. ×oycoviensis as B. pendula var. oycoviensis seems more accurate than all hitherto presented alternatives (e.g. B. ×oycoviensis as a separate species).

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