Glycosidase activity in the excretory-secretory products of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica

AbstractIntroduction:Fasciola hepatica(liver fluke) is a parasite of great socioeconomic importance. A number of fluke isolates have been identified; however, to date the differences between the immunomodulatory properties of different parasite isolates have not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to explore differences between the immunomodulatory properties of twoF. hepaticaisolates using unmaturated bovine macrophages.Material and Methods:A cell line of bovine macrophages was stimulated with excretory/secretory products released by adult flukes from either a laboratory (Fh-WeyES) or wild (Fh-WildES) strain and subsequently subjected to microarray and ELISA analyses.Results:BothFh-WeyES andFh-WildES dampened the release of interleukin-10 by bovine macrophages, but onlyFh-WildES dampened the release of proinflammatory tumour necrosis factor-α. Microarray analysis revealed thatFh-WildES down- and upregulated 90 and 18 genes, respectively, when compared toFh-WeyES.Conclusion:The results indicated different impacts of the isolates on macrophages. A number of researchers use flukes obtained from local slaughterhouses for experiments. Our findings may explain some discrepancies between published results arising from parasite strain choice. The findings indicate that consideration should be given to the use of different strains, and open new and currently unexplored avenues in parasitology for controlling the parasite.

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Histochemical studies of glycosidase activity in juveniles and adults of the lung fluke Paragonimus

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s003118200005722x ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 119-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T. Fujino ◽

H. Higo ◽

Y. Ishii

Keyword(s):

Liver Fluke ◽

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

The Other ◽

Staining Reaction ◽

Strong Reaction ◽

Glucuronidase Activity ◽

Glycosidase Activity ◽

Lung Fluke ◽

Parenchymal Cells ◽

Histochemical Examination

SUMMARYGlycosidase activities in the adults and juveniles of the lung fluke Paragonimus ohirai and P. westermani adults were demonstrated histo-chemically. For comparative studies, histochemical examination was also made on the adults of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica. The enzymes examined were N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30), β-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31), β-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23), α-glucosidase (EC 3. 2. 1. 20) and β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1. 21). The distribution of β-glucosaminidase was similar in juveniles and adults. Strong reaction sites for the enzyme were the caecal brush border, tegument, sub-tegumental cells and testes. In contrast, no staining reaction occurred in the caeca of F. hepatica, although the tegument and parenchymal cells were weakly stained, β-glucuronidase activity was associated only with the luminal surface of the caeca in the juveniles. However, luminal contents also appeared stained and this might suggest that the activity in the caeca is not endogenous. β-galactosidase was localized in the caeca, sub-tegumental cells and tegument in both juveniles and adults. No reaction occurred for the other two enzymes, α- and β-glucosidase.

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Effects of Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine) and Adenosine 3‘,5‘-Phosphate on Phosphofructokinase from the Liver Fluke Fasciola hepatica

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(18)60345-x ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 237 (3) ◽

pp. 629-634 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Tag E. Mansour ◽

Joan M. Mansour

Keyword(s):

Liver Fluke ◽

Fasciola Hepatica

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The soluble glutathione transferase superfamily: role of Mu class in triclabendazole sulphoxide challenge in Fasciola hepatica

Parasitology Research ◽

10.1007/s00436-021-07055-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 120 (3) ◽

pp. 979-991

Author(s):

Rebekah B. Stuart ◽

Suzanne Zwaanswijk ◽

Neil D. MacKintosh ◽

Boontarikaan Witikornkul ◽

Peter M. Brophy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Culture ◽

Liver Fluke ◽

Glutathione Transferase ◽

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Affinity Purification ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Differential Abundance ◽

Parasitic Helminths

AbstractFasciola hepatica (liver fluke), a significant threat to food security, causes global economic loss for the livestock industry and is re-emerging as a foodborne disease of humans. In the absence of vaccines, treatment control is by anthelmintics; with only triclabendazole (TCBZ) currently effective against all stages of F. hepatica in livestock and humans. There is widespread resistance to TCBZ and its detoxification by flukes might contribute to the mechanism. However, there is limited phase I capacity in adult parasitic helminths with the phase II detoxification system dominated by the soluble glutathione transferase (GST) superfamily. Previous proteomic studies have demonstrated that the levels of Mu class GST from pooled F. hepatica parasites respond under TCBZ-sulphoxide (TCBZ-SO) challenge during in vitro culture ex-host. We have extended this finding by exploiting a sub-proteomic lead strategy to measure the change in the total soluble GST profile (GST-ome) of individual TCBZ-susceptible F. hepatica on TCBZ-SO-exposure in vitro culture. TCBZ-SO exposure demonstrated differential abundance of FhGST-Mu29 and FhGST-Mu26 following affinity purification using both GSH and S-hexyl GSH affinity. Furthermore, a low or weak affinity matrix interacting Mu class GST (FhGST-Mu5) has been identified and recombinantly expressed and represents a new low-affinity Mu class GST. Low-affinity GST isoforms within the GST-ome was not restricted to FhGST-Mu5 with a second likely low-affinity sigma class GST (FhGST-S2) uncovered. This study represents the most complete Fasciola GST-ome generated to date and has supported the potential of subproteomic analyses on individual adult flukes.

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Prevalence and pathology of liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) in fallow deer (Dama dama)

Veterinary Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109427 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 293 ◽

pp. 109427

Author(s):

Jane Lamb ◽

Emma Doyle ◽

Jamie Barwick ◽

Michael Chambers ◽

Lewis Kahn

Keyword(s):

Liver Fluke ◽

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Fallow Deer ◽

Dama Dama

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Recognition Pattern of the Fasciola hepatica Excretome/Secretome during the Course of an Experimental Infection in Sheep by 2D Immunoproteomics

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10060725 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 725

Author(s):

David Becerro-Recio ◽

Javier González-Miguel ◽

Alberto Ucero ◽

Javier Sotillo ◽

Álvaro Martínez-Moreno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Infection ◽

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Cathepsin L ◽

Helminth Parasites ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Secretory Products ◽

Immunogenic Proteins ◽

Host Parasite ◽

First Time

Excretory/secretory products released by helminth parasites have been widely studied for their diagnostic utility, immunomodulatory properties, as well as for their use as vaccines. Due to their location at the host/parasite interface, the characterization of parasite secretions is important to unravel the molecular interactions governing the relationships between helminth parasites and their hosts. In this study, the excretory/secretory products from adult worms of the trematode Fasciola hepatica (FhES) were employed in a combination of two-dimensional electrophoresis, immunoblot and mass spectrometry, to analyze the immune response elicited in sheep during the course of an experimental infection. Ten different immunogenic proteins from FhES recognized by serum samples from infected sheep at 4, 8, and/or 12 weeks post-infection were identified. Among these, different isoforms of cathepsin L and B, peroxiredoxin, calmodulin, or glutathione S-transferase were recognized from the beginning to the end of the experimental infection, suggesting their potential role as immunomodulatory antigens. Furthermore, four FhES proteins (C2H2-type domain-containing protein, ferritin, superoxide dismutase, and globin-3) were identified for the first time as non-immunogenic proteins. These results may help to further understand host/parasite relationships in fasciolosis, and to identify potential diagnostic molecules and drug target candidates of F. hepatica.

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Diagnosis of Liver Fluke (Fasciola hepatica) Infection in Human Beings by Means of Immunoelectrophoresis

Nature ◽

10.1038/198204a0 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 198 (4876) ◽

pp. 204-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D. TEODOROVIĆ ◽

I. BERKEŠ ◽

M. MILOVANAVIĆ

Keyword(s):

Liver Fluke ◽

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Human Beings ◽

Hepatica Infection

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Spermatogenesis and the fine structure of the mature spermatozoon of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda: Digenea)

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000060595 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 101 (3) ◽

pp. 395-407 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

A. W. Stitt ◽

I. Fairweather

Keyword(s):

Fine Structure ◽

Liver Fluke ◽

Central Body ◽

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Mature Spermatozoon ◽

Basal Bodies ◽

Nuclear Region ◽

Sperm Ultrastructure ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Median Process

SUMMARYSpermatogenesis and the fine structure of the mature spermatozoon of Fasciola hepatica have been studied by transmission electron microscopy. The primary spermatogonia display a typical gonial morphology and occupy the periphery of the testis. They undergo 3 mitotic divisions to give rise to 8 primary spermatocytes forming a rosette of cells connected to a central cytophore. The primary spermatocytes undergo 2 meiotic divisions, resulting in 32 spermatids that develop into spermatozoa. Intranuclear synaptonemal complexes in primary spermatocytes confirm the first meiotic division. The onset of spermiogenesis is marked by the formation of the zone of differentiation which contains 2 basal bodies and a further centriole derivative, the central body. The zone extends away from the spermatid cell to form the median process; into this migrates the differentiated and elongate nucleus. Simultaneously, 2 axonemes develop from the basal bodies. During development, they rotate through 90° to extend parallel to the median process. The migration of the nucleus to the distal end of the median process coincides with the fusion of the axonemes to the latter to form a monopartite spermatozoon. The mature spermatozoon possesses 2 axonemes of the 9 + ‘1’ pattern typical of parasitic platyhelminths, 2 elongate mitochondria and a variable array of peripheral microtubules. The nuclear region of the spermatozoon is immotile. The value of sperm ultrastructure as a taxonomic tool in platyhelminth phylogeny is discussed.

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