scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic efficacy of plant cysteine proteinases against the rodent gastrointestinal nematode, Trichuris muris

Parasitology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 132 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. STEPEK ◽  
A. E. LOWE ◽  
D. J. BUTTLE ◽  
I. R. DUCE ◽  
J. M. BEHNKE
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Cysteine Proteinases ◽  
Trichuris Muris ◽  
Anthelmintic Efficacy

scholarly journals Anthelmintic action of plant cysteine proteinases against the rodent stomach nematode,Protospirura muricola,in vitroandin vivo

Parasitology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. STEPEK ◽  
A. E. LOWE ◽  
D. J. BUTTLE ◽  
I. R. DUCE ◽  
J. M. BEHNKE
Keyword(s):  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Cysteine Proteinases ◽  
Trichuris Muris ◽  
Kiwi Fruit ◽  
Heligmosomoides Polygyrus ◽  
Anthelmintic Efficacy ◽  
Papaya Latex

Cysteine proteinases from the fruit and latex of plants, including papaya, pineapple and fig, were previously shown to have a rapid detrimental effect,in vitro, against the rodent gastrointestinal nematodes,Heligmosomoides polygyrus(which is found in the anterior small intestine) andTrichuris muris(which resides in the caecum). Proteinases in the crude latex of papaya also showed anthelmintic efficacy against both nematodesin vivo. In this paper, we describe thein vitroandin vivoeffects of these plant extracts against the rodent nematode,Protospirura muricola, which is found in the stomach. As in earlier work, all the plant cysteine proteinases examined, with the exception of actinidain from the juice of kiwi fruit, caused rapid loss of motility and digestion of the cuticle, leading to death of the nematodein vitro. In vivo, in contrast to the efficacy againstH. polygyrusandT. muris, papaya latex only showed efficacy againstP. muricolaadult female worms when the stomach acidity had been neutralized prior to administration of papaya latex. Therefore, collectively, our studies have demonstrated that, with the appropriate formulation, plant cysteine proteinases have efficacy against nematodes residing throughout the rodent gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Corrigendum

Parasitology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-607
Keyword(s):  
Active Site ◽  
Active Enzyme ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Cysteine Proteinases ◽  
Anthelmintic Efficacy ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Papaya Latex ◽  
Published Paper

Stepek, G., Lowe A. E., Buttle D. J., Duce I. R. and Behnke J. M. (2007). Anthelmintic action of plant cysteine proteinases against the rodent stomach nematode, Protospirura muricola, in vitro and in vivo. Parasitology134, 103–112 (Published online 11 October 2006. doi:10.1017/S0031182006001302)The authors of the above article regret that several errors appear in their published paper:On Page 105: In the methods section entitled “In vivo assessment of anthelmintic efficacy of plant cysteine proteinases”, the sentence:‘Five grams of papaya latex were mixed with 8 ml of sterile distilled water (dH2O), filtered, and the amount of active enzyme present was measured, by active-site titration, to be 331 nmol’should read:‘Five grams of papaya latex were mixed with 8 ml of sterile distilled water (dH2O), filtered, and the amount of active enzyme present was measured, by active-site titration, to be 13·24 micromol’And the sentence:‘Each group of mice received a different treatment: 0·2 ml of papaya latex alone (containing 8 nmol active enzyme), …’should read:‘Each group of mice received a different treatment: 0·2 ml of papaya latex alone (containing 331 nmol active enzyme), …’On Page 110: In column 2, line 5, the sentence:‘The amount of active enzyme administered in each dose (8 nmol) is based …’should read:‘The amount of active enzyme administered in each dose (331 nmol) is based …’And on lines 10–15, the sentence:‘Assuming the volume of a mouse stomach to be 1 ml and the enzyme to be present throughout the stomach at equal dilution, the concentration of enzyme would be in the order of 8 microM, which is somewhat lower than the in vitro concentrations.’Should read:Assuming the volume of a mouse stomach to be 1 ml and the enzyme to be present throughout the stomach at equal dilution, the concentration of enzyme would be in the order of 330 microM, which is about an order of magnitude higher than effective in vitro concentrations. A possible reason for the …’

scholarly journals In vitro anthelmintic effects of cysteine proteinases from plants against intestinal helminths of rodents

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Stepek ◽  
Ann E. Lowe ◽  
David J. Buttle ◽  
Ian R. Duce ◽  
Jerzy M. Behnke
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Cysteine Proteinases ◽  
Trichuris Muris ◽  
Heligmosomoides Polygyrus ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Gi Helminths

AbstractInfections with gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes are amongst the most prevalent worldwide, especially in tropical climates. Control of these infections is primarily through treatment with anthelmintic drugs, but the rapid development of resistance to all the currently available classes of anthelmintic means that alternative treatments are urgently required. Cysteine proteinases from plants such as papaya, pineapple and fig are known to be substantially effective against three rodent GI nematodes, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, Trichuris muris and Protospirura muricola, both in vitro and in vivo. Here, based on in vitro motility assays and scanning electron microscopy, we extend these earlier reports, demonstrating the potency of this anthelmintic effect of plant cysteine proteinases against two GI helminths from different taxonomic groups – the canine hookworm, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, and the rodent cestode, Rodentolepis microstoma. In the case of hookworms, a mechanism of action targeting the surface layers of the cuticle indistinguishable from that reported earlier appears to be involved, and in the case of cestodes, the surface of the tegumental layers was also the principal location of damage. Hence, plant cysteine proteinases have a broad spectrum of activity against intestinal helminths (both nematodes and cestodes), a quality that reinforces their suitability for development as a much-needed novel treatment against GI helminths of humans and livestock.

scholarly journals The anthelmintic efficacy of plant-derived cysteine proteinases against the rodent gastrointestinal nematode, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, in vivo

Parasitology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 134 (10) ◽  
pp. 1409-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. STEPEK ◽  
A. E. LOWE ◽  
D. J. BUTTLE ◽  
I. R. DUCE ◽  
J. M. BEHNKE
Keyword(s):  
Cysteine Proteinase ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Cysteine Proteinases ◽  
Heligmosomoides Polygyrus

SUMMARYGastrointestinal (GI) nematodes are important disease-causing organisms, controlled primarily through treatment with synthetic drugs, but the efficacy of these drugs has declined due to widespread resistance, and hence new drugs, with different modes of action, are required. Some medicinal plants, used traditionally for the treatment of worm infections, contain cysteine proteinases known to damage worms irreversibly in vitro. Here we (i) confirm that papaya latex has marked efficacy in vivo against the rodent gastrointestinal nematode, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, (ii) demonstrate the dose-dependent nature of the activity (>90% reduction in egg output and 80% reduction in worm burden at the highest active enzyme concentration of 133 nmol), (iii) establish unequivocally that it is the cysteine proteinases that are the active principles in vivo (complete inhibition of enzyme activity when pre-incubated with the cysteine proteinase-specific inhibitor, E-64) and (iv) show that activity is confined to worms that are in the intestinal lumen. The mechanism of action was distinct from all current synthetic anthelmintics, and was the same as that in vitro, with the enzymes attacking and digesting the protective cuticle. Treatment had no detectable side-effects on immune cell numbers in the mucosa (there was no difference in the numbers of mast cells and goblet cells between the treated groups) and mucosal architecture (length of intestinal villi). Only the infected and untreated mice had much shorter villi than the other 3 groups, which was a consequence of infection and not treatment. Plant-derived cysteine proteinases are therefore prime candidates for development as novel drugs for the treatment of GI nematode infections.

scholarly journals Nematicidal effects of cysteine proteinases against sedentary plant parasitic nematodes

Parasitology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 134 (12) ◽  
pp. 1831-1838 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. STEPEK ◽  
R. H. C. CURTIS ◽  
B. R. KERRY ◽  
P. R. SHEWRY ◽  
S. J. CLARK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Cysteine Proteinases ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Anthelmintic Efficacy ◽  
Plant Parasitic

SUMMARYCysteine proteinases from the fruit and latex of plants, such as papaya, pineapple and fig, have previously been shown to have substantial anthelmintic efficacy, in vitro and in vivo, against a range of animal parasitic nematodes. In this paper, we describe the in vitro effects of these plant extracts against 2 sedentary plant parasitic nematodes of the genera Meloidogyne and Globodera. All the plant extracts examined caused digestion of the cuticle and decreased the activity of the tested nematodes. The specific inhibitor of cysteine proteinases, E-64, blocked this activity completely, indicating that it was essentially mediated by cysteine proteinases. In vitro, plant cysteine proteinases are active against second-stage juveniles of M. incognita and M. javanica, and some cysteine proteinases also affect the second-stage juveniles of Globodera rostochiensis. It is not known yet whether these plant extracts will interfere with, or prevent invasion of, host plants.

The relative anthelmintic efficacy of plant-derived cysteine proteinases on intestinal nematodes

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Luoga ◽  
F. Mansur ◽  
D.J. Buttle ◽  
I.R. Duce ◽  
M.C. Garnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Cysteine Proteinases ◽  
Kiwi Fruit ◽  
Intestinal Nematode ◽  
Anthelmintic Efficacy ◽  
Heligmosomoides Bakeri ◽  
Papaya Latex ◽  
Stem Bromelain

AbstractWe examined the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of plant cysteine proteinases (CPs) derived from pineapple (Ananas comosus) and kiwi fruit (Actinidia deliciosa), and compared their efficacy as anthelmintics to the known effects of CPs from the latex of papaya (Carica papaya) against the rodent intestinal nematode, Heligmosomoides bakeri. Both fruit bromelain and stem bromelain had significant in vitro detrimental effects on H. bakeri but in comparison, actinidain from kiwi fruit had very little effect. However, in vivo trials indicated far less efficacy of stem bromelain and fruit bromelain than that expected from the in vitro experiments (24.5% and 22.4% reduction in worm burdens, respectively) against H. bakeri. Scanning electron microscopy revealed signs of cuticular damage on worms incubated in fruit bromelain, stem bromelain and actinidain, but this was far less extensive than on those incubated in papaya latex supernatant. We conclude that, on the basis of presently available data, CPs derived from pineapples and kiwi fruits are not suitable for development as novel anthelmintics for intestinal nematode infections.

scholarly journals Botanicals: a natural approach to control ascaridiosis in poultry

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. SYMEONIDOU ◽  
E. BONOS ◽  
K. MOUSTAKIDIS ◽  
P. FLOROU-PANERI ◽  
E. CHRISTAKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Losses ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Natural Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Anthelmintic Efficacy ◽  
Anthelmintic Drugs

Parasites (protozoa, helminthes, arthropods) represent a main threat for poultry worldwide. Among helminthes, nematodes constitute the most important group of parasites of poultry. The nematode Ascaridia galli, the cause of ascaridiosis in poultry, is one of the most important and prevalent parasites, resulting in serious economic losses, associated with the treatment cost, the decreased feed efficiency, and the poor egg and meat production. During the past few decades the indiscriminate use of anthelmintic drugs has generated several cases of resistance in helminthes in poultry, situation which is coupled with the severity of residues in poultry products. For this reason, nowadays attention has been drawn to the use of botanicals in poultry diet, due to their anthelmintic properties. Furthermore, the dietary use eco-friend ly of these plant derived substances compared to conventional synthetic anthelmintic drugs is considered as a natural and ecofriendly approach by the consumers. The focus of the present review is to recapitulate the studies, both in vivo and in vitro, that have demonstrated the anthelmintic efficacy of various dietary botanicals in controlling poultry ascaridiosis.

scholarly journals In vitro nematicidal effect of Chenopodium ambrosioides and Castela tortuosa n-hexane extracts against Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda) and their anthelmintic effect in gerbils

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (04) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zamilpa ◽  
C. García-Alanís ◽  
M.E. López-Arellano ◽  
V.M. Hernández-Velázquez ◽  
M.G. Valladares-Cisneros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Chenopodium Ambrosioides ◽  
Anthelmintic Efficacy ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Parasitic Burden ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Anthelmintic Effect

AbstractThe in vitro nematicidal effect of Chenopodium ambrosioides and Castela tortuosa n-hexane extracts (E-Cham and E-Cato, respectively) on Haemonchus contortus infective larvae (L3) and the anthelmintic effect of these extracts against the pre-adult stage of the parasite in gerbils were evaluated using both individual and combined extracts. The in vitro confrontation between larvae and extracts was performed in 24-well micro-titration plates. The results were considered 24 and 72 h post confrontation. The in vivo nematicidal effect was examined using gerbils as a study model. The extracts from the two assessed plants were obtained through maceration using n-hexane as an organic agent. Gerbils artificially infected with H. contortus L3 were treated intraperitoneally with the corresponding extract either individually or in combination. The results showed that the highest individual lethal in vitro effect (96.3%) was obtained with the E-Cham extract at 72 h post confrontation at 40 mg/ml, followed by E-Cato (78.9%) at 20 mg/ml after 72 h. The highest combined effect (98.7%) was obtained after 72 h at 40 mg/ml. The in vivo assay showed that the individual administration of the E-Cato and E-Cham extracts reduced the parasitic burden in gerbils by 27.1% and 45.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the anthelmintic efficacy increased to 57.3% when both extracts were administered in combination. The results of the present study show an important combined nematicidal effect of the two plant extracts assessed against L3 in gerbils.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document