Detection of Kobe-typeBabesia microtiassociated with Japanese human babesiosis in field rodents in central Taiwan and southeastern mainland China

Parasitology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 691-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SAITO-ITO ◽  
N. TAKADA ◽  
F. ISHIGURO ◽  
H. FUJITA ◽  
Y. YANO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mainland China ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Central Taiwan ◽  
Field Rodents ◽  
Human Babesiosis

SUMMARYField rodent surveys forBabesiainfection were performed from 2002 to 2005 in the vicinities of human babesiosis occurrences in Taiwan and mainland China.Babesia microtiwas identified by microscopical examination and/or PCR in 1Rattus coxingaand 1Crocidura horsfieldiiin central Taiwan and in 13Niviventer confucianusand 1Apodemus agrariusin Zhejiang and Fujian Provinces of southeastern China. Of 15B. microtisamples detected by PCR, all except 1 were shown to be the Kobe-type, the aetiological small subunit rRNA gene-type of the first Japanese patient; the exception was also a Kobe-related type. The Kobe-type had been found in rodents only in a few places including the human infection occurrence place in Japan. The internal transcribed spacer 1 to 2 sequences of the Taiwanese and Chinese Kobe-types were very similar to each other but considerably different (approx. 94% pairwise identities) from that of the Japanese Kobe-type. A Taiwanese Kobe-type strain was serologically differentiated from the Kobe strain originating from the Japanese first patient. The distribution of the Kobe-type in the vicinities of human babesiosis occurrences in Taiwan and China as well as in Japan is suggestive of involvement of the Kobe-type in Asian human babesiosis.

The molecular evidence of Babesia microti infection in small mammals collected in Slovenia

Parasitology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. DUH ◽  
M. PETROVEC ◽  
T. TRILAR ◽  
T. AVSIC-ZUPANC
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna Gene ◽  
Yellow Necked Mouse

In Europe, the zoonotic cycle of Babesia microti has not been determined so far. Recently, B. microti was detected in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Slovenia by using molecular methods. In order to investigate the mammalian hosts of B. microti in Slovenia we collected 261 small mammals representing 11 species. They were tested for the presence of babesial parasites with a PCR assay based on the nuclear small subunit rRNA gene (nss-rDNA). The bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) and yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) were infected with B. microti. The prevalence rate was 15·9% for C. glareolus and 11·8% for A. flavicollis. Nucleotide sequences of amplified portions of B. microti nss-rDNA from C. glareolus and A. flavicollis were indistinguishable from each other and identical with those previously described in I. ricinus ticks collected in Slovenia. The results of this study represent molecular evidence of B. microti in small mammals in Europe.

scholarly journals Detection of Enzootic Babesiosis in Baboons (Papio cynocephalus) and Phylogenetic Evidence Supporting Synonymy of the Genera Entopolypoides andBabesia

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1548-1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda A. Bronsdon ◽  
Mary J. Homer ◽  
Jennifer M. H. Magera ◽  
Carol Harrison ◽  
Robert G. Andrews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Papio Cynocephalus ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Antibody Tests

Blood smear evaluation of two baboons (Papio cynocephalus) experiencing acute hemolytic crises following experimental stem cell transplantation revealed numerous intraerythrocytic organisms typical of the genus Babesia. Both animals had received whole-blood transfusions from two baboon donors, one of which was subsequently found to display rare trophozoites of Entopolypoides macaci. An investigation was then undertaken to determine the prevalence of hematozoa in baboons held in our primate colony and to determine the relationship, if any, between the involved species. Analysis of thick and thin blood films from 65 healthy baboons (23 originating from our breeding facility, 26 originating from an out-of-state breeding facility, and 16 imported from Africa) for hematozoa revealed rare E. macaciparasites in 31%, with respective prevalences of 39, 35, and 12%. Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear small-subunit rRNA gene sequences amplified from peripheral blood of a baboon chronically infected withE. macaci demonstrated this parasite to be most closely related to Babesia microti (97.9% sequence similarity); sera from infected animals did not react in indirect fluorescent-antibody tests with Babesia microti antigen, however, suggesting that they represent different species. These results support an emerging view that the genusEntopolypoides Mayer 1933 is synonymous with that of the genus Babesia Starcovici 1893 and that the morphological variation noted among intracellular forms is a function of alteration in host immune status. The presence of an underrecognized, but highly enzootic, Babesia sp. in baboons may result in substantial, unanticipated impact on research programs. The similarity of this parasite to the known human pathogen B. microti may also pose risks to humans undergoing xenotransplantation, mandating effective screening of donor animals.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Subtypes of Blastocystis in Alpacas, Vicugna pacos in Shanxi Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye-Ting Ma ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Shi-Chen Xie ◽  
Xiao-Dong Li ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
And Gender

<i>Blastocystis</i>, an enteric protist, has been reported to be an important cause of protozoal gastrointestinal manifestations in humans and animals worldwide. Animals harboring certain <i>Blastocystis</i> subtypes (STs) may serve as a potential source of human infection. However, information about the prevalence and genetic diversity of <i>Blastocystis</i> in alpacas is limited. In the present study, a total of 366 fecal samples from alpacas in Shanxi Province, northern China, were examined for <i>Blastocystis</i> by PCR amplification of the small subunit rRNA gene, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The prevalence of <i>Blastocystis</i> in alpacas was 23.8%, and gender difference in the prevalence of <i>Blastocystis</i>was observed. The most predominant <i>Blastocystis</i> ST was ST10, followed by ST14 and ST5. The detection of ST5, a potentially zoonotic genotype, indicates that alpacas harboring ST5 could be a potential source of human infection with <i>Blastocystis</i>. These data provide new insight into the prevalence and genetic diversity of <i>Blastocystis</i> in alpacas.

scholarly journals Transfusion-Acquired, Autochthonous Human Babesiosis in Japan: Isolation of Babesia microti-Like Parasites with hu-RBC-SCID Mice

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 4511-4516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuko Saito-Ito ◽  
Masayoshi Tsuji ◽  
Qiang Wei ◽  
Shenyi He ◽  
Toshimitsu Matsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scid Mice ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
First Case ◽  
Human Rbcs ◽  
Human Babesiosis

We have isolated piroplasms from a patient who developed the first case of human babesiosis in Japan by using NOD/shi-scidmice whose circulating erythrocytes (RBCs) had been replaced with human RBCs (hu-RBC-SCID mice). Following inoculation of the patient's blood specimen into hu-RBC-SCID mice, parasites proliferated within the human RBCs in the mice, resulting in a high level of parasitemia. Parasite DNA was prepared from blood samples of the patient and the mice, and the nuclear small-subunit rRNA gene (rDNA) was amplified and sequenced. Both DNA samples gave rise to identical sequences which showed the highest degree of homology (99.2%) with the Babesia microti rDNA. Because the patient had received a blood transfusion before the onset of babesiosis, we investigated the eight donors who were involved. Their archived blood samples were analyzed for specific antibody and parasite DNA; only a single donor was found to be positive by both tests, and the parasite rDNA sequence from the donor coincided with that derived from the patient. The donor's serum exhibited a high antibody titer against the isolate from the patient, whereas it exhibited only a weak cross-reaction against B. microti strains isolated in the United States. We conclude that the first Japanese babesiosis case occurred due to a blood transfusion and that the etiological agent is an indigenous Japanese parasite which may be a geographical variant of B. microti. Our results also demonstrated the usefulness of hu-RBC-SCID mice for isolation of parasites from humans and for maintenance of the parasite infectivity for human RBCs.

scholarly journals Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing and Informatics as an Effective Tool to Establish the Composition of Bovine Piroplasm Populations in Endemic Regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Abdul Ghafar ◽  
Anson V. Koehler ◽  
Ross S. Hall ◽  
Charles G. Gauci ◽  
Robin B. Gasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Tropical Theileriosis ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Protists of the genera Babesia and Theileria (piroplasms) cause some of the most prevalent and debilitating diseases for bovines worldwide. In this study, we established and used a next-generation sequencing-informatic approach to explore the composition of Babesia and Theileria populations in cattle and water buffalo in a country (Pakistan) endemic for these pathogens. We collected individual blood samples from cattle (n = 212) and water buffalo (n = 154), extracted genomic DNAs, PCR-amplified the V4 hypervariable region of 18S small subunit rRNA gene from piroplasms, sequenced amplicons using Illumina technology, and then analysed data using bioinformatic platforms. The results revealed piroplasms in 68.9% (252/366) samples, with overall occurrence being markedly higher in cattle (85.8%) than in water buffaloes (45.5%). Babesia (B.) occultans and Theileria (T.) lestoquardi-like species were recorded for the first time in Pakistan, and, overall, T. annulata was most commonly detected (65.8%) followed by B. bovis (7.1%), B. bigemina (4.4%), and T. orientalis (0.5%), with the genetic variability within B. bovis being pronounced. The occurrence and composition of piroplasm species varied markedly across different agro-ecological zones. The high detection of T. annulata in asymptomatic animals suggested a relatively high level of endemic stability of tropical theileriosis in the bovine population.

scholarly journals Differences in Microbial Activity and Microbial Populations of Peat Associated with Suppression of Damping-Off Disease Caused by Pythium sylvaticum

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 6452-6460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Hunter ◽  
Geoff M. Petch ◽  
Leo A. Calvo-Bado ◽  
Tim R. Pettitt ◽  
Nick R. Parsons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Pythium Sylvaticum ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Microbial Groups

ABSTRACT The microbiological characteristics associated with disease-suppressive peats are unclear. We used a bioassay for Pythium sylvaticum-induced damping-off of cress seedlings to identify conducive and suppressive peats. Microbial activity in unconditioned peats was negatively correlated with the counts of P. sylvaticum at the end of the bioassay. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiling and clone library analyses of small-subunit rRNA gene sequences from two suppressive and two conducive peats differed in the bacterial profiles generated and the diversity of sequence populations. There were also significant differences between bacterial sequence populations from suppressive and conducive peats. The frequencies of a number of microbial groups, including the Rhizobium-Agrobacterium group (specifically sequences similar to those for the genera Ochrobactrum and Zoogloea) and the Acidobacteria, increased specifically in the suppressive peats, although no single bacterial group was associated with disease suppression. Fungal DGGE profiles varied little over the course of the bioassay; however, two bands associated specifically with suppressive samples were detected. Sequences from these bands corresponded to Basidiomycete yeast genera. Although the DGGE profiles were similar, fungal sequence diversity also increased during the bioassay. Sequences highly similar to those of Cryptococcus increased in relative abundance during the bioassay, particularly in the suppressive samples. This study highlights the importance of using complementary approaches to molecular profiling of complex populations and provides the first report that basidiomycetous yeasts may be associated with the suppression of Pythium-induced diseases in peats.

Phylogenetic analysis of Blastocystis isolates from different hosts based on the comparison of small-subunit rRNA gene sequences

2003 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Noël ◽  
Corinne Peyronnet ◽  
Delphine Gerbod ◽  
Virginia P Edgcomb ◽  
Pilar Delgado-Viscogliosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna Gene

scholarly journals Quantitative Measure of Small-Subunit rRNA Gene Sequences of the Kingdom Korarchaeota

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 5064-5066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford F. Brunk ◽  
Nicole Eis
Keyword(s):  
Internal Standard ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Ssu Rdna ◽  
Rdna Sequence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Rdna Sequences

ABSTRACT Comparative PCR amplification of small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene (rDNA) sequences indicates substantial preferential PCR amplification of pJP27 sequences with korarchaeote-specific PCR primers. The coamplification of a modified SSU rDNA sequence can be used as an internal standard to determine the amount of a specific SSU rDNA sequence.

Genetic interrelationships of proteolyticClostridium botulinum types A, B, and F and other members of theClostridium botulinum complex as revealed by small-subunit rRNA gene sequences

1994 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Hutson ◽  
D. E. Thompson ◽  
P. A. Lawson ◽  
R. P. Schocken-Itturino ◽  
E. C. B�ttger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna Gene
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