Anti-oxidant enzymes in Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts

Parasitology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. ENTRALA ◽  
C. MASCARO ◽  
J. BARRETT
Keyword(s):  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Approximate Molecular Weight ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocysts ◽  
Low Levels

Oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum showed relatively low levels of SOD activity. The SOD which had a pI of 4.8 and an approximate molecular weight of 35 kDa appeared to be iron dependent. Catalase, glutathione transferase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activity could not be detected, nor could trypanothione reductase. No NADH or NADPH oxidase activity could be detected, nor could peroxidase activity be demonstrated using o-dianisidine, guaiacol, NADPH or NADH as co-substrates. However, an NADPH-dependent H2O2 scavenging system was detected in the insoluble fraction.

scholarly journals Glutathione system in rat blood serum under the conditions of carrageenan-induced joint inflammation and chondroitin sulfate prophylactic injection

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
K. Dvorshchenko ◽  
O. Korotkiy ◽  
D. Grebinyk ◽  
Ye. Torgalo
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Glutathione System ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase Activity

The goal of this work was the research of chondroitin sulfate prophylactic action on the glutathione system state in rat blood serum during acute joint inflammation. The research was performed on white non-linear pubertal rat males weighting 160-240 grams in compliance to all general ethical principles of animal research. All animals were divided to four experimental groups. The first group – the control: the animals were injected with 0,1 ml of 0,9 % NaCl solution in a right hind leg. The second group – rats were subjected to daily intramuscular injections of 3 mg/kg of chondroitin sulfate in the theurapeutic dose during 28 days. The third group – the animals were subjected to daily doses of 0,1 ml of 0,9 % NaCl solution injected in right hind extremities and starting from 29th day the acute joint inflammation was modelled (the animals were subjected to 0,1 ml of 1% of сarrageenan intramuscular injection in right hind extremities. The fourth group – rats were receiving intramuscular injections of therapeutic dose of 3 mg/kg of chondroitin sulfate for 28 days, and after that the acute joint inflammation was modelled starting from 29th day. 40 animals in all were taking part in the experimental research. The glutathione peroxidase activity was assessed judging from the decrease in GSH amount in the reaction with Ellman reagent. The glutathione peroxidase activity was estimated by the decrease in probe optical density owing to NADPH oxidation. Glutathione transferase activity was estimated by the speed of the conjugate formation between GSH and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobemzene. The amount of reduced glutathione was estimated spectrophotometrically using orthophthalic aldehyde. It was established that during the carrageenan-induced inflammation the glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione reductase activity were reduced, a well as the amount of reduced glutathione, whereas the glutathione transferase activity was increased in comparison to the control. It was shown that under the prophylactic injection of the chondroitin sulfate based preparate to animals with acute joint inflammation the aforementioned parameters were partially stabilized.

scholarly journals Basic components of glutathion system in rat erythrocytes under conditions of toxic damage on the background of an alimental protein lack

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Halyna Kopylchuk ◽  
Ivanna Nykolaichuk
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Oxidized Glutathione ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Rat Erythrocytes ◽  
Toxic Damage ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

The article is devoted to the study of the main components of the glutathione system under conditions of toxic damage against the background of nutritional protein deficiency: the content of reduced and oxidized glutathione with the determination of the GSH/GSSG ratio, the activity of glutathione-dependent enzymes – glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase, glutathione reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The concentration of reduced glutathione in the erythrocyte hemolysate was studied using Elman's reagent after deproteinization of the samples. Glutathione transferase activity was determined by the rate of formation of glutathione S conjugates by reacting reduced glutathione with a substrate of 1-chloro-2.4-dinitrobenzene. Glutathione peroxidase activity was evaluated by the formation of oxidized glutathione. The activity of glutathione reductase in erythrocytes was determined by the method, is based on measuring the oxidation rate of NADPH+H+, which is recorded by decreasing absorption at a wavelength of 340 nm. A decrease in the ratio of GSH/GSSG in rat erythrocytes under conditions of toxic damage against a nutritional deficiency of protein is indicated by a functional shift in the thiol-disulfide balance towards increased use of the reduced form of glutathione for antioxidant protection. It was established that toxic damage is a key factor in reducing the level of glutathione transferase against the background of an increase in glutathione peroxidase activity in rat erythrocytes, the activation of which probably prevents the progression of LPO processes. At the same time, under conditions of toxic damage, against the background of alimentary protein deficiency, a decrease in glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity is observed, which leads to blocking of the first stage of glucose-6-phosphate metabolism in the pentose phosphate cycle, resulting in a decrease in the amount of NADPH and, accordingly reduced glutathione.

Depressed filtration ripening enhances removal of Cryptosporidium parvum

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gitis ◽  
R.C. Haught ◽  
R.M. Clark ◽  
E. Radha Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Kaolin Clay ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocysts ◽  
Granular Filtration ◽  
Electrostatic Adhesion ◽  
Innovative Concept

Pilot-scale experiments were conducted to investigate removal of Cryptosporidium parvum by contact granular filtration. The research demonstrated enhanced removal of Cryptosporidium parvum in the presence of kaolin particles. This is believed to be due electrostatic adhesion of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts to the kaolin clay particles. The elementary physico-chemical interactions between filter granules and suspension particles will be discussed. This innovative concept was successfully implemented to reduce the ripening sequence of subsequent filtration experimental test runs by the addition of large surface area particles to slurry of kaolin and Cryptosporidium parvum in surface water.

Survival of giardia, cryptosporidium, poliovirus and salmonella in marine waters

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Johnson ◽  
C. E. Enriquez ◽  
I. L. Pepper ◽  
T. L. Davis ◽  
C. P. Gerba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Common Method ◽  
Waterborne Pathogens ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
Untreated Sewage ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocysts ◽  
Giardia Muris

Discharge of sewage into the ocean is still a common method of disposal worldwide. Both treated and untreated sewage may contain significant concentrations of waterborne pathogens, such as Giardia, Cryptosporidium, poliovirus and Salmonella. Limited studies exist on the survival of poliovirus and Salmonella in marine waters; however, almost no information exists on the survival of protozoan parasites in marine waters. This study examined the survival of Giardia muris cysts, Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, poliovirus-1 and Salmonella typhimurium in marine waters. The survival of the microorganisms varied according to the presence of light, salinity and water quality (as determined by quantity of enterococci). All microorganisms survived longer in the dark than in sunlight, the order of survival in sunlight being: Cryptosporidium > poliovirus > Giardia > Salmonella.

Low Selenium Status in the Elderly Influences Thyroid Hormones

1995 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliviero Olivieri ◽  
Domenico Girelli ◽  
Margherita Azzini ◽  
Anna Maria Stanzial ◽  
Carla Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Serum Selenium ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo

1. Iodothyronine 5′-deiodinase, which is mainly responsible for peripheral triiodothyronine (T3) production, has recently been demonstrated to be a selenium-containing enzyme. In the elderly, reduced peripheral conversion of thyroxine (T4) to T3 and overt hypothyroidism are frequently observed. 2. We measured serum selenium and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (as indices of selenium status), thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone in 109 healthy euthyroid subjects (52 women, 57 men), carefully selected to exclude abnormally low thyroid hormone levels induced by acute or chronic diseases or calorie restriction. The subjects were subdivided into three age groups. To avoid conditions of undernutrition or malnutrition, dietary records were obtained for a sample of 24 subjects, randomly selected and representative of the whole population for age and sex. 3. In order to properly assess the influence of selenium status on iodothyronine 5′-deiodinase type I activity, a double-blind placebo-controlled trial was also carried out on 36 elderly subjects, resident at a privately owned nursing home. 4. In the free-living population, a progressive reduction of the T3/T4 ratio (due to increased T4 levels) and of selenium and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity was observed with advancing age. A highly significant linear correlation between T4, T3/T4 and selenium was observed in the population as a whole (for T4, R = −0.312, P < 0.002; for T3/T4 ratio, R = 0.32, P < 0.01) and in older subjects (for T4, R = −0.40, P < 0.05; for T3/T4 ratio, R = 0.54, P < 0.002). 5. The main result of the double-blind placebo-controlled trial was a significant improvement of selenium indices and a decrease in the T4 level in selenium-treated subjects; serum selenium, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity and thyroid hormones did not change in placebo-treated subjects. 6. We concluded that selenium status influences thyroid hormones in the elderly, mainly modulating T4 levels.

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