scholarly journals Geographical genetic structure within the human lung fluke, Paragonimus westermani, detected from DNA sequences

Parasitology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. BLAIR ◽  
T. AGATSUMA ◽  
T. WATANOBE ◽  
M. OKAMOTO ◽  
A. ITO
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Paragonimus Westermani ◽  
Lung Fluke ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
Second Internal Transcribed Spacer

Nucleotide sequences were obtained for the second internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal gene repeat and for part of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene from geographical isolates of Paragonimus westermani from Japan, China, Korea, Taiwan, the Philippines, peninsular Malaysia and Thailand. Sequences were obtained from several other species of Paragonimus for comparative purposes. Two groups were recognized within P. westermani: an NE group (China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan) which was relatively uniform and included both diploid and triploid forms, and a southern group (Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines), members of which were genetically distant from one another. According to both ITS2 and COI data, genetic distances among P. westermani isolates equalled or exceeded those between some distinct species of Paragonimus. The ITS2 sequences were conserved relative to COI sequences. Substitutions among the latter may be approaching saturation within the genus Paragonimus.

A molecular phylogeographic study based on DNA sequences from individual metacercariae ofParagonimus mexicanusfrom Guatemala and Ecuador

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Iwagami ◽  
C. Monroy ◽  
M.A. Rosas ◽  
M.R. Pinto ◽  
A.G. Guevara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Second Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Phylogeographic Study

AbstractA molecular phylogeographic study ofParagonimus mexicanuscollected from Guatemala and Ecuador was performed. Genomic DNA was extracted from individual metacercariae, and two gene regions (partial mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase subunit 1 (CO1) and the second internal transcribed spacer of the nuclear ribosomal gene repeat (ITS2)) were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sequences segregated in a phylogenetic tree according to their geographic origins. ITS2 sequences from Ecuador and Guatemala differed at only one site. Pairwise distances among CO1 sequences within a country were always lower than between countries. Nevertheless, genetic distances between countries were less than between geographical forms ofP. westermanithat have been suggested to be distinct species. This result suggests that populations from Guatemala and Ecuador are genetically differentiated perhaps at the level of subspecies.

scholarly journals Molecular phylogeographic studies on Paragonimus westermani in Asia

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Iwagami ◽  
L.Y. Ho ◽  
K. Su ◽  
P.F. Lai ◽  
M. Fukushima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Paragonimus Westermani ◽  
North East ◽  
The Family ◽  
Lung Fluke ◽  
Second Internal Transcribed Spacer

AbstractThe lung fluke, Paragonimus westermani (Kerbert, 1878), is widely distributed in Asia, and exhibits much variation in its biological properties. Previous phylogenetic studies using DNA sequences have demonstrated that samples from north-east Asia form a tight group distinct from samples from south Asia (Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia). Among countries from the latter region, considerable molecular diversity was observed. This was investigated further using additional DNA sequences (partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and the second internal transcribed spacer of the nuclear ribosomal gene repeat (ITS2)) from additional samples of P. westermani. Phylogenies inferred from these again found three or four groups within P. westermani, depending on the method of analysis. Populations of P. westermani from north-east Asia use snail hosts of the family Pleuroceridae and differ in other biological properties from populations in south Asia (that use snail hosts of the family Thiaridae). It is considered that the populations we sampled can be divided into two species, one in north-east Asia and the other in south Asia.

scholarly journals Affinities between Asian non-human Schistosoma species, the S. indicum group, and the African human schistosomes

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Agatsuma ◽  
M. Iwagami ◽  
C.X. Liu ◽  
R.P.V.J. Rajapakse ◽  
M.M.H. Mondal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Gene Tree ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
African Species ◽  
Egg Morphology ◽  
Second Internal Transcribed Spacer

AbstractSchistosoma species have traditionally been arranged in groups based on egg morphology, geographical origins, and the genus or family of snail intermediate host. One of these groups is the ‘S. indicum group’ comprising species from Asia that use pulmonate snails as intermediate hosts. DNA sequences were obtained from the four members of this group (S. indicum, S. spindale, S. nasale and S. incognitum) to provide information concerning their phylogenetic relationships with other Asian and African species and species groups. The sequences came from the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of the ribosomal gene repeat, part of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene (28S), and part of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene. Tree analyses using both distance and parsimony methods showed the S. indicum group not to be monophyletic. Schistosoma indicum, S. spindale and S. nasale were clustered among African schistosomes, while S. incognitum was placed as sister to the African species (using ITS2 and 28S nucleotide sequences and CO1 amino acid sequences), or as sister to all other species of Schistosoma (CO1 nucleotide sequences). Based on the present molecular data, a scenario for the evolution of the S. indicum group is discussed.

scholarly journals Philibaetis gen. nov., a new genus from the Philippines (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Thomas Kaltenbach ◽  
Jhoana M. Garces ◽  
Jean-Luc Gattolliat
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Left Mandible ◽  
Fore Femur ◽  
New Material ◽  
Lateral Margins ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
Simple Spine

Investigations of type material and new material from the Philippines (Luzon) revealed that Baetis luzonensis Müller-Liebenau, 1982 and B. realonae Müller-Liebenau, 1982 do not belong to Baetis Leach, 1815. A new genus, Philibaetisgen. nov., is described to accommodate both species and both are re-described based on larvae. The new genus is characterised by having a rectangular labrum with a submarginal row of long, simple setae on the dorsal surface and ventrally on lateral margins long, simple, spine-like setae, on anterolateral margins long, feathered setae and medially long, bifid setae and a partial, submarginal row of lanceolate setae. Both mandibles have blade-like incisors and dorsally, a mediolateral patch of long, spine-like setae; additionally, the left mandible has a tuft of long, partly branched setae at the base of the subtriangular process. Philibaetisgen. nov. is further characterised by a hypopharynx with a medial tuft of stout setae and anterolaterally, two smaller tufts of stout setae, a galea-lacinia with the distal denti-seta tooth-like and directed against canines, a fore femur apically with stout setae, both on anterior and posterior side and without a femoral patch and a claw with one row of denticles and two or three subapical setae. The protogonostyli under the cuticle of male last instar larvae are folded in the Labiobaetis type, excluding their affiliation to the genus Baetis. COI sequences were obtained from both species. The genetic distance (Kimura 2-parameter) between them is 17.5% on average. Very limited genetic distances of 0% to 3% (0.75% on average) were found between specimens of P. luzonensiscomb. nov.

scholarly journals Molecular evidence for the synonymy of three species of Paragonimus, P. Ohirai Miyazaki, 1939, P. iloktsuenensis Chen, 1940 and P. sadoensis Miyazaki et al., 1968

1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Blair ◽  
T. Agatsuma ◽  
T. Watanobe
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Host Preferences ◽  
Genetic Techniques ◽  
Second Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
I Gene

AbstractThe Paragonimus ohirai group, named after P. ohirai Miyazaki, 1939, consists of three nominal species. Paragonimus iloktsuenensis Chen, 1940 and P. sadoensis Miyazaki et al., 1968, the other members of the group, were proposed primarily because of perceived differences in metacercarial morphology and/or host preferences. It has long been recognized that adults of the three were virtually indistinguishable. With the application of genetic techniques, it has become clear that the three forms can exchange genes freely, and that differences in metacercarial morphology constitute a polymorphism probably due to a single gene inherited in Mendelian fashion. Here, additional genetic data (DNA sequences from the second internal transcribed spacer of the nuclear ribosomal gene cluster and from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene) are presented in support of the synonymy.

A phylogenetic approach to the Philippines endemic centipedes of the genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae), with the description of a new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4483 (3) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
CARLES DOMÉNECH ◽  
VICTOR M. BARBERA ◽  
EDUARDO LARRIBA
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
A New Species

The genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 is represented in the Philippines’ fauna by five species, two of which are endemic. Mitochondrial DNA sequences of gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) were obtained from six Scolopendra specimens belonging to two endemic species and a new one, described here as Scolopendra paradoxa Doménech sp. nov. These sequences were analyzed together with another forty-one sequences from GenBank, including additional species of Scolopendra and a few representatives of other Scolopendridae genera. Phylogenetic trees inferred from the COI analysis using maximum likelihood and neighbor joining showed the three Philippines Scolopendra endemic species as a polyphyletic group coherent with their respective morphologies, although the position of S. spinosissima Kraepelin, 1903 varied within the obtained trees. Species delimitation based on standard external morphological characters was also concordant with the observed genetic distances, monophyly and node support, confirming S. subcrustalis Kronmüller, 2009 and S. paradoxa sp. nov. as separate species also at the molecular level, while only the position of S. spinosissima could not be properly established with any of the statistical methods used. In addition, the male genitalia of the three studied species were found to lack gonopods and a penis. Remarks on the ultimate legs prefemoral spinous formula of S. spinosissima plus a key to the species of the genus Scolopendra in the Philippines are provided. 

Detection of hybrid Pyganodon grandis and P. lacustris (Bivalvia: Unionidae) using F- and M-type mitochondrial DNA sequences and geometric morphometrics

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate C Beauchamp ◽  
Tyler W Beyett ◽  
Mariah W Scott ◽  
David T Zanatta
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Shell Shape ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Mt Dna ◽  
Pyganodon Grandis ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
Putative Hybrids

ABSTRACT Pyganodon grandis and P. lacustris, widespread and common species in North America, are known to co-occur across parts of their distributions. These mussels are genetically distinguishable with a sequence divergence between 9% and 13% for the mitochondrial (mt) DNA barcoding region, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), which is well beyond thresholds for distinct species. The objectives of this study were to (1) confirm the presence of two genetically distinct species (P. grandis and P. lacustris) in Font Lake and Lake Geneserath on Beaver Island in northern Lake Michigan, (2) identify hybrids using mitogenotype mismatch and (3) compare species and populations morphometrically. Of the 212 specimens sequenced, 146 (68.9%) were found to be heteroplasmic, with successful amplifications of both maternally (F-type, from mantle tissue) and paternally (M-type, from gonad tissue) inherited mt DNA sequences. Mismatches in species identity of the F- and M-type COI sequences were found in 22 specimens (15.1% of heteroplasmic specimens), with these being considered putative hybrids. Geometric morphometric analyses of shell shape reliably differentiated specimens by species (identified using COI sequences) and between lakes, correctly assigning 97.4% of homoplasmic and heteroplasmic specimens with matching mitogenomes to both species and lake of origin. The shape of putative hybrids generally resembled those of the F-type mt DNA sequence that was recovered. This study confirms that hybridization does occur between sympatric Pyganodon species. Additionally, our results reemphasize the value of modern morphometric techniques for distinguishing among species and populations with overlapping morphological variability.

scholarly journals A new genus of Baetidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) from Southeast Asia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kaltenbach ◽  
Jhoana M. Garces ◽  
Jean-Luc Gattolliat
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Lateral Margin ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
One New Species

A new genus of Baetidae is described from Southeast Asia, Procerobaetis gen. nov. It has a wide distribution reaching from Indonesia (Sumatra) to the Philippines. Two new species are described from Indonesia, P. leptobranchius gen. et sp. nov. and P. petersorum gen. et sp. nov., and one new species from the Philippines, P. freitagi gen. et sp. nov. Procerobaetis gen. nov. is characterized by having seven pairs of elongate, apically pointed gills. At least gills I and II are very slender with strongly extended points, which is unique in Baetidae. Similar gills were described from Leptophlebiidae. Procerobaetis gen. nov. is further characterized by having long, slender legs with extended, slender and slightly bent claws. The antennae posess remarkable spines at the outer, lateral margin, which are maximally developed on segments IX–XI of the flagellum. No spines are present on the posterior margins of abdominal tergites I–VI. COI sequences were obtained from all three of the new species. The genetic distances (Kimura 2-parameter) between these species are between 13% and 20%. Very limited genetic distances of 0% to 1% were found between specimens of the same species. The occurrence of two different species in the same area of Sumatra is discussed.

Presence of three distinct genotypes within the Paragonimus westermani complex in northeastern India

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. REKHA DEVI ◽  
KANWAR NARAIN ◽  
JAGADISH MAHANTA ◽  
TULIKA NIRMOLIA ◽  
DAVID BLAIR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Cox1 Gene ◽  
Paragonimus Westermani ◽  
Freshwater Crabs ◽  
Ne India ◽  
Lung Fluke ◽  
Veterinary Importance

SUMMARYThe name Paragonimus westermani (Kerbert, 1878) is commonly applied to members of a species complex that includes the well-known Asian lung fluke of medical and veterinary importance. Unambiguous molecular and morphological evidence showing the presence of a member of the complex in India has recently been published. In the present study we report the occurrence of 2 more members of the P. westermani complex in northeastern (NE) India. Surveys of the freshwater crabs Maydelliatelphusa lugubris in NE India revealed 2 morphologically distinct types of lung fluke metacercariae. Phylogenetic analyses, using DNA sequences from ITS2, 28S and cox1 gene regions indicate that these lung metacercariae belong to P. westermani complex. Type 1 metacercariae have a more basal position within the complex whereas type 2 metacercariae are closely related to the relatively derived forms of P. westermani from NE Asia (Japan, Korea, China) and Vietnam. A third type of metacercaria (type 3), detected in another crab host, Sartoriana spinigera in Assam, was phylogenetically close to P. siamensis, also a member of the P. westermani group. Molecular evidence has demonstrated the existence of 3 genotypes of lung flukes within the Paragonimus westermani complex in NE India. Two of these were previously unknown.

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