The role of drug and alcohol abuse in recent increases in depression in the US

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Klerman ◽  
A. C. Leon ◽  
P. Wickramaratne ◽  
M. G. Warshaw ◽  
T. I. Mueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Us ◽  
Drug And Alcohol

SynopsisPrevious studies have reported an increase in depression among recent birth cohorts. Concurrent with the increase in rates of depression, there have been increases in rates of drug and alcohol abuse and dependence. This study sought to determine if the recent increase in rates of depression could be attributed to co-morbid alcohol and drug abuse. The data derived from two studies: (1) a sample of relatives of probands with affective disorder; and (2) a community survey of the US population. The piecewise exponential statistical model was applied to evaluate the association of gender, age, period and birth cohort with rates of major depressive disorder (MDD) separately for those with, and without, diagnoses of alcohol or drug abuse.Elevated rates of MDD occurred among those with co-morbid drug and alcohol abuse in both the family and community samples. However, there were also temporal increases in rates of MDD in those with no such co-morbidity. Specifically there were effects of age and gender for both studies; in addition, there was a period effect in the family study and a birth cohort effect in the community sample. The recent increases in depression in the US cannot be accounted for solely by concurrent increases in co-morbid drug and alcohol abuse. Temporal (period and cohort) effects on rates of depression occur in addition to the contribution of co-morbid drug and alcohol abuse or dependence.

scholarly journals Birth Cohort Differences in Multimorbidity Burden Among Aging U.S. Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 257-257
Author(s):  
Nicholas Bishop ◽  
Steven Haas ◽  
Ana Quiñones
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Us

Abstract Multimorbidity is the co-occurrence of two or more chronic health conditions and affects more than half of the US population aged 65 and older. Recent trends suggest increased risk of poor self-reported health, physical disability, cognitive impairment, and mortality among later born birth cohorts, yet we are unaware of work examining cohort trends in multimorbidity among aging US adults. Observations were drawn from the Health and Retirement Study (2000–2018) and included adults aged 51 and older across 7 birth cohorts (1923 and earlier, 1924–1930, 1931–1941, 1942–1947, 1948–1953, 1954–1959, and 1960–1965). Multimorbidity was measured as a count of 9 chronic conditions including heart disease, hypertension, stroke, diabetes, arthritis, lung disease, cancer (excluding skin cancer), depression, and cognitive impairment. General linear models adjusting for repeated measures and covariates including age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education were used to identify whether trends in multimorbidity varied across birth cohort. 31,923 adults contributed 153,940 total observations, grand mean age was 68.0 (SD=10.09), and mean multimorbidity was 2.19 (SD=1.49). In analyses adjusted for age and other covariates, adults born 1948–1953 reported .34 more chronic conditions (SE=.03, p<.001), adults born 1954–1959 reported .42 more chronic conditions (SE=.03, p<.001), and adults born 1960–1965 reported .55 more chronic conditions (SE=.03, p<.001), than those born 1931–1941, respectively. Our preliminary results confirm increasing multimorbidity among later birth cohorts of older Americans and should help guide policy to manage impending health declines among older Americans.

scholarly journals The long-term rapid increase in incidence of adenocarcinoma of the kidney in the USA, especially among younger ages

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongzhang Zheng ◽  
Cairong Zhu ◽  
Bryan A Bassig ◽  
Simin Liu ◽  
Stephen Buka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Kidney Cancer ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background We previously observed a rapid increase in the incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in men and women between 1935 and 1989 in the USA, using data from the Connecticut Tumor Registry. This increase appeared to be largely explained by a positive cohort effect, but no population-based study has been conducted to comprehensively examine age-period-cohort effects by histologic types for the past decade. Methods We calculated age-adjusted and age-specific incidence rates of the two major kidney-cancer subtypes RCC and renal urothelial carcinoma, and conducted an age-period-cohort analysis of 114 138 incident cases of kidney cancer reported between 1992 and 2014 to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results programme. Results The age-adjusted incidence rates of RCC have been increasing consistently in the USA among both men and women (from 12.18/100 000 in 1992–1994 to 18.35/100 000 in 2010–2014 among men; from 5.77/100 000 in 1992–1994 to 8.63/100 000 in 2010–2014 among women). Incidence rates generally increased in successive birth cohorts, with a continuing increase in rates among the younger age groups (ages 0–54 years) in both men and women and among both Whites and Blacks. These observations were confirmed by age-period-cohort modelling, which suggested an increasing birth-cohort trend for RCC beginning with 1955 birth cohorts, regardless of the assumed value for the period effect for both men and women and for Whites and Blacks. Conclusions Known risk factors for kidney cancer may not fully account for the observed increasing rates or the birth-cohort pattern for RCC, prompting the need for additional etiologic hypotheses (such as environmental exposures) to investigate these descriptive patterns.

Trends for influenza and pneumonia hospitalization in the older population: age, period, and cohort effects

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (8) ◽  
pp. 1135-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. COHEN ◽  
A. C. KLASSEN ◽  
S. AHMED ◽  
E. M. AGREE ◽  
T. A. LOUIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Disease Rates ◽  
The Us ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Cohort Groups ◽  
Us Census

SUMMARYBirth cohort has been shown to be related to morbidity and mortality from other diseases and conditions, yet little is known about the potential for birth cohort in its relation to pneumonia and influenza (P&I) outcomes. This issue is particularly important in older adults, who experience the highest disease burden and most severe complications from these largely preventable diseases. The objective of this analysis is to assess P&I patterns in US seniors with respect to age, time, and birth cohort. All Medicare hospitalizations due to P&I (ICD-9CM codes 480-487) were abstracted and categorized by single-year of age and influenza year. These counts were then divided by intercensal estimates of age-specific population levels extracted from the US Census Bureau to obtain age- and season-specific rates. Rates were log-transformed and linear models were used to assess the relationships in P&I rates and age, influenza year, and cohort. The increase in disease rates with age accounted for most of the variability by age and influenza season. Consistent relationships between disease rates and birth cohorts remained, even after controlling for age. Seasonal associations were stronger for influenza than for pneumonia. These findings suggest that there may be a set of unmeasured characteristics or events people of certain ages experienced contemporaneously that may account for the observed differences in P&I rates in birth cohorts. Further understanding of these circumstances and those resulting age and cohort groups most vulnerable to P&I may help to target health services towards those most at risk of disease.

Preventing Drug and Alcohol Abuse

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Harris C. Faigel
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug And Alcohol

We know that some societies and some cultures have less alcoholism and drug abuse than others. Their experience suggests that children do best when they grow up in a community that uses alcohol, tobacco, and drugs responsibly, with parents who have equally responsible attitudes about these chemicals and expectations that their children will follow suit, and with low peer pressure for abuse. If we can develop a common goal of responsible use of these chemicals within our polymorphous society, we may be able to reduce, and even prevent, some alcohol and drug abuse in America.

scholarly journals Prevalence of three lifestyle factors among Australian adults from 2004 to 2018: an age–period–cohort analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Peng ◽  
Zhiqiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background It has been reported that current smoking, overweight/obesity and physical inactivity are significant modifiable risk factors of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, the effects of age, period and cohort on the prevalence of the three lifestyle factors among Australian adults are still unclear. Methods Our study analysed data from 2004 to 2005, 2007 to 2008, 2011 to 2012, 2014 to 2015 and 2017 to 2018 National Health Survey. We employed the age–period–cohort models to analyze the individual effects of age, period and cohort on the prevalence of current smoking, overweight/obesity and physical inactivity among Australian adults. Results A total of 76 489 adults were included. Age, period and cohort all showed significant independent effects on prevalence of current smoking, overweight/obesity and physical inactivity (P < 0.01) except the cohort effect on physical inactivity in females (P = 0.31). The prevalence of current smoking decreased with age and period, and it first increased with birth cohort and then declined. For overweight/obesity prevalence, it increased with age until early-60s and then dropped. We found a positive period effect on overweight/obesity; however, the prevalence of overweight/obesity experienced several shifts with birth cohort. Physical activity prevalence raised with age, and it has several fluctuations for curves of period and cohort. Conclusion Age effects showed a distinct pattern for the prevalence of the three lifestyle factors. The prevalence of overweight/obesity continued to rise during the study period. The raised physical inactivity prevalence in recent study cycles is also concerning. Recent birth cohorts may be at increased risk of overweight/obesity and physical inactivity.

scholarly journals Patterns of drugs and alcohol abuse among youth

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 012-013
Author(s):  
Orowitz Tamar Ruth
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Immigrant Youth ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Drugs And Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug And Alcohol

The study attempted to answer several questions: Does the cultural and social background of immigrant youth from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) affect their use of addictive substances? Do these youth show distinctive patterns of drug and alcohol abuse? Do the addictive substances used by these teenagers share similar characteristics? Are the patterns of drug abuse and alcohol abuse different? Do students in different educational frameworks demonstrate different consumption patterns? Can “critical moments” explain the presence or absence of alcohol and drug abuse?

Family therapy of drug and alcohol abuse.

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar A. Barbarin
Keyword(s):  
Family Therapy ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Drug And Alcohol
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