Cannabis use and childhood trauma interact additively to increase the risk of psychotic symptoms in adolescence

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1627-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Harley ◽  
I. Kelleher ◽  
M. Clarke ◽  
F. Lynch ◽  
L. Arseneault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
Additive Interaction ◽  
Population Based Study

BackgroundAdolescent cannabis use has been shown in many studies to increase the risk of later psychosis. Childhood trauma is associated with both substance misuse and risk for psychosis. In this study our aim was to investigate whether there is a significant interaction between cannabis use and childhood trauma in increasing the risk for experiencing psychotic symptoms during adolescence.MethodPsychiatric interviews using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (K-SADS) semi-structured instrument were carried out with 211 adolescents aged between 12 and 15 years and their parents as part of a population-based study. The interview enquired about early traumatic events, cannabis use and psychiatric symptoms in adolescence.ResultsIn separate analyses both cannabis use and childhood trauma were significantly associated with risk of experiencing psychotic symptoms. However, the presence of both childhood trauma and early cannabis use significantly increased the risk for psychotic symptoms beyond the risk posed by either risk factor alone, indicating that there was a greater than additive interaction between childhood trauma and cannabis use.ConclusionOur finding of a greater than additive interaction between childhood trauma and cannabis use may have implications for the identification of individuals at high risk of experiencing psychotic symptoms. For example, measures to actively discourage or intensively treat cannabis use in children and adolescents who have experienced abuse may help to prevent the development of psychosis in this vulnerable group. Our findings require replication in larger samples to confirm this interaction effect.

scholarly journals Mortality Outcomes in People Experiencing Homelessness Across England: a population-based study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Menezes ◽  
D Lewer ◽  
A Yavlinsky ◽  
M Tinelli ◽  
R Aldridge
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Additive Interaction ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Group A ◽  
Healthcare Interventions ◽  
Discharge From Hospital

Abstract Introduction The number of people experiencing homelessness in England has increased since 2010 and a recent systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated high levels of mortality in this group across high-income countries. In this study we examine the death rates in people experiencing homelessness after discharge from hospital. Methods This is a study of linked hospital admission records and mortality data for two groups. First, a “Homeless group”: people seen by 17 specialist homeless discharge schemes between 1 November 2013 and 30 November 2016. Second, an “IMD5 group”: A matched group of patients who live in deprived areas and have the same age and sex, and were discharged from the same hospital in the same year as the homeless patient. Our analysis entailed calculating mortality rates across each group and by the number of comorbidities. Results The mortality rate for the IMD5 group was 1,935 deaths per 100,000 person years, compared with 5,691 for the homeless group, giving a rate ratio of 2.9 (95% CI 2.5-3.5). The mortality risk increased with the number of comorbidities. Individuals in the IMD5 group with zero comorbidities had a death rate of 831 per 100,000 person-years, compared with the homeless group for which the corresponding figure was 2,598 and or those with 4+ comorbidities were 7,324 (IMD5) and 12,714 (homeless). This suggests a 'super-additive' interaction in which the effect of morbidity on mortality risk after discharge is greater for homeless patients. Survival at 5 years for the homelessness group was for men 80% (95% CI 77-85) and women 85 (95% CI 81-87). Conclusions This study shows that the well-established inequity in mortality for people experiencing homelessness exists after discharge from hospital and is greatest for the most unwell patients. Our results suggest a need for greater emphasis on prevention of homelessness, early healthcare interventions and improved hospital discharge arrangements for this population. Key messages The well-established inequity in mortality for people experiencing homelessness exists after discharge from hospital and is greatest for the most unwell patients. Our results suggest a need for greater emphasis on prevention of homelessness, early healthcare interventions and improved hospital discharge arrangements for this population.

scholarly journals A population-based study on associations of stool microbiota with atopic diseases in school-age children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Hu ◽  
Evelien R. van Meel ◽  
Carolina Medina-Gomez ◽  
Robert Kraaij ◽  
Monica Barroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Atopic Diseases ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Stool Microbiota

scholarly journals Characteristics of pregnant illicit drug users and associations between cannabis use and perinatal outcome in a population-based study☆

2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen M.H.J. van Gelder ◽  
Jennita Reefhuis ◽  
Alissa R. Caton ◽  
Martha M. Werler ◽  
Charlotte M. Druschel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Illicit Drug Users

scholarly journals Cannabis use and psychological distress: An 8-year prospective population-based study among Swedish men and women

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Karin Danielsson ◽  
Andreas Lundin ◽  
Peter Allebeck ◽  
Emile Agardh
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Men And Women

Replication in two independent population-based samples that childhood maltreatment and cannabis use synergistically impact on psychosis risk

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Konings ◽  
N. Stefanis ◽  
R. Kuepper ◽  
R. de Graaf ◽  
M. ten Have ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Independent Population ◽  
Study Test

BackgroundThere may be biological plausibility to the notion that cannabis use and childhood trauma or maltreatment synergistically increase the risk for later development of psychotic symptoms. To replicate and further investigate this issue, prospective data from two independent population-based studies, the Greek National Perinatal Study (n=1636) and The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS) (n=4842), were analyzed.MethodTwo different data sets on cannabis use and childhood maltreatment were used. In a large Greek population-based cohort study, data on cannabis use at age 19 years and childhood maltreatment at 7 years were assessed. In addition, psychotic symptoms were assessed using the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE). In NEMESIS, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to assess psychotic symptoms at three different time points along with childhood maltreatment and lifetime cannabis use.ResultsA significant adjusted interaction between childhood maltreatment and later cannabis use was evident in both samples, indicating that the psychosis-inducing effects of cannabis were stronger in individuals exposed to earlier sexual or physical mistreatment [Greek National Perinatal Study: test for interactionF(2, 1627)=4.18,p=0.02; NEMESIS: test for interaction χ2(3)=8.08,p=0.04].ConclusionsCross-sensitivity between childhood maltreatment and cannabis use may exist in pathways that shape the risk for expression of positive psychotic symptoms.

THE CONTINUUM OF PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS IN A POPULATION-BASED STUDY IN BRAZIL

2008 ◽  
Vol 102 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 175-176
Author(s):  
Yuan-Pang Wang ◽  
Alexandre Andrade Loch ◽  
Bruno Mendonça Côelho ◽  
Luis Fernando F. Tófoli ◽  
Laura Helena Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
The Continuum

scholarly journals Do cannabis and urbanicity co-participate in causing psychosis? Evidence from a 10-year follow-up cohort study

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 2121-2129 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kuepper ◽  
J. van Os ◽  
R. Lieb ◽  
H.-U. Wittchen ◽  
C. Henquet
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Risk Difference ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Adjusted Risk

BackgroundCannabis use is considered a component cause of psychotic illness, interacting with genetic and other environmental risk factors. Little is known, however, about these putative interactions. The present study investigated whether an urban environment plays a role in moderating the effects of adolescent cannabis use on psychosis risk.MethodProspective data (n=1923, aged 14–24 years at baseline) from the longitudinal population-based German Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology cohort study were analysed. Urbanicity was assessed at baseline and defined as living in the city of Munich (1562 persons per km2; 4061 individuals per square mile) or in the rural surroundings (213 persons per km2; 553 individuals per square mile). Cannabis use and psychotic symptoms were assessed three times over a 10-year follow-up period using the Munich version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.ResultsAnalyses revealed a significant interaction between cannabis and urbanicity [10.9% adjusted difference in risk, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.2–18.6, p=0.005]. The effect of cannabis use on follow-up incident psychotic symptoms was much stronger in individuals who grew up in an urban environment (adjusted risk difference 6.8%, 95% CI 1.0–12.5, p=0.021) compared with individuals from rural surroundings (adjusted risk difference −4.1%, 95% CI −9.8 to 1.6, p=0.159). The statistical interaction was compatible with substantial underlying biological synergism.ConclusionsExposure to environmental influences associated with urban upbringing may increase vulnerability to the psychotomimetic effects of cannabis use later in life.

scholarly journals Childhood trauma and psychosis - what is the evidence?

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-365 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Increased Sensitivity

In the last decade, a substantial number of population-based studies have suggested that childhood trauma is a risk factor for psychosis. In several studies, the effects held after adjusting for a wide range of potentially confounding variables, including genetic liability for psychosis. Less is known about the mechanisms underlying the association between childhood trauma and psychosis. Possible pathways include relationships between negative perceptions of the self, negative affect, and psychotic symptoms, as well as biological mechanisms such as dysregulated cortisol and increased sensitivity to stress. Psychotic patients with a history of childhood trauma tend to present with a variety of additional problems, including post-traumatic stress disorder, greater substance abuse, higher levels of depression and anxiety, and more frequent suicide attempts. Initial studies suggest that trauma-specific treatments are as beneficial for these patients as for other diagnostic groups.

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