Differences in temperament and character dimensions in patients with bipolar I or II or major depressive disorder and general population subjects

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1579-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jylhä ◽  
O. Mantere ◽  
T. Melartin ◽  
K. Suominen ◽  
M. Vuorilehto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
General Population ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Pronounced Difference ◽  
Population Comparison ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Self Transcendence

BackgroundWhether temperament and character differ between bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and general population subjects, or between BD I and BD II patients, remains unclear.MethodBD patients (n=191) from the Jorvi Bipolar Study and MDD patients (n=266) from the Vantaa Depression Study (VDS) and the Vantaa Primary Care Depression Study were interviewed at baseline, at 6 and 18 months, and in the VDS at 5 years. A general population comparison group (n=264) was surveyed by mail. BD patients' scores on the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised were compared at an index interview, when levels of depression and mania were lowest, with scores of MDD patients and controls. BD I (n=99) and BD II (n=92) patients were compared.ResultsCompared with controls, both BD and MDD patients had higher harm avoidance [odds ratio (OR) 1.027, p<0.001 and OR 1.047, p<0.001, respectively] and lower persistence (OR 0.983, p=0.006 and OR 0.968, p<0.001, respectively) scores. Moreover, BD patients had lower self-directedness (OR 0.979, p=0.003), MDD patients lower reward dependence (OR 0.976, p=0.002) and self-transcendence (OR 0.966, p<0.001) scores. BD patients scored lower in harm avoidance (OR 0.980, p=0.002) and higher in novelty seeking (OR 1.027, p<0.001) and self-transcendence (OR 1.028, p<0.001) than MDD patients. No differences existed between BD I and II patients.ConclusionsThe patterns of temperament and character dimensions differed less between BD and MDD patients, than patients from their controls. The most pronounced difference was higher novelty seeking in BD than MDD patients. The dimensions investigated are unlikely to differ between BD I and BD II patients.

scholarly journals The relevance of personality assessment in estimating the risk of onset and the outcome of major depressive disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Nemes ◽  
Doina Cozman
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Current State

The study of the relationship between the psychobiological model of temperament and character on one side and the development and evolution of major depressive disorder on the other side has drawn some attention in the past two decades, especially since a diagnosis model based on fewer diagnostic categories and a more phenomenological and person oriented approach seems to be supported other research and current state-of-the art therapeutic practices, which are based more on descriptive clinical data than on the current diagnostic categories.The aim of this paper was to review the latest developments in this area, but in the context of the initial development of the psychobiological model of temperament and character, i.e. as a tool for the comprehensive diagnosis of depressed individuals.Data published so far supports the following observations: (1) high harm avoidance and low self-directedness are risk factors for the development of major depressive disorder, but further research is needed to clearly establish the role of the other dimensions or their facets as predictors for the development of a depressive episode; (2) although some evidence has been obtained so far regarding the use of harm avoidance, novelty seeking, reward dependence and cooperativeness in predicting treatment response in major depressive disorder, further research is needed to clarify and/or to replicate these findings; and (3) data on temperament and character dimensions related to relapse in major depressive disorder are insufficient, although some evidence has been brought to support the hypothesis that high harm avoidance scores, and low self-directedness and novelty seeking scores might serve as predictors, further prospective studies need to be carried out to establish their utility in this respect.

Temperament and character inventory (TCI) personality profile in metamphetamine abusers: a controlled study

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Hosák ◽  
Marek Preiss ◽  
Martin Halíř ◽  
Eva Čermáková ◽  
Ladislav Csémy
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Personality Profile ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Self Transcendence

AbstractWe applied the temperament and character inventory (TCI) personality questionnaire in 41 inpatients dependent on metamphetamine, and 35 controls. Novelty seeking, harm avoidance and self-transcendence were significantly higher, and persistence, self-directedness and cooperativeness were significantly lower in the patients than in the healthy volunteers. The detected differences may be important for prevention and treatment.

Comorbidity of DSM–III–R Major Depressive Disorder in the General Population: Results from the US National Comorbidity Survey

1996 ◽  
Vol 168 (S30) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Kessler ◽  
C. B. Nelson ◽  
K. A. McGonagle ◽  
J. Liu ◽  
M. Swartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
General Population ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
National Comorbidity Survey ◽  
The Us

General population data are presented on the prevalence and correlates of comorbidity between DSM–III–R major depressive disorder (MDD) and other DSM–III–R disorders. The data come from the US National Comorbidity Survey, a large general population survey of persons aged 15–54 years in the non-institutionalised civilian population. Diagnoses are based on a modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). The analysis shows that most cases of lifetime MDD are secondary, in the sense that they occur in people with a prior history of another DSM–III–R disorder. Anxiety disorders are the most common primary disorders. The time-lagged effects of most primary disorders on the risk of subsequent MDD continue for many years without change in magnitude. Secondary MDD is, in general, more persistent and severe than pure or primary MDD. This has special public health significance because lifetime prevalence of secondary MDD has increased in recent cohorts, while the prevalence of pure and primary depression has remained unchanged.

Uncomplicated Depression as Normal Sadness

2016 ◽  
pp. 82-94
Author(s):  
Jerome C. Wakefield ◽  
Allan V. Horwitz ◽  
Lorenzo Lorenzo-Luaces
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
General Population ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Depressive Episodes

About half of all individuals meet the criteria for DSM-defined major depressive disorder (MDD) by the age of 30. These and other considerations suggest that MDD criteria are too inclusive and apply to individuals who are not ill but are experiencing normal sadness. This chapter reviews a research program that attempts to address this issue by examining “uncomplicated depression,” a subcategory of MDD that is hypothesized to consist of false positive diagnoses in which normal sadness is misdiagnosed as MDD. Data on uncomplicated depression suggest that many individuals who currently meet the DSM criteria for MDD are at no greater risk for subsequent depressive episodes, attempting suicide, or development of generalized anxiety disorder than members of the general population. These data suggest that uncomplicated depression is normal sadness, not major depression, and should not be diagnosed as disordered. They thus indicate that current DSM criteria for MDD are overly inclusive.

scholarly journals Neuroanatomical basis of harm avoidance personality traits in major depressive disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 100225
Author(s):  
Yukihito Yomogida ◽  
Miho Ota ◽  
Junko Matsuo ◽  
Ikki Ishida ◽  
Shinsuke Hidese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Major Depressive

scholarly journals Comparison of Psychological and Cognitive Characteristics between Professional Internet Game Players and Professional Baseball Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4797
Author(s):  
Jin Oh Kang ◽  
Kyoung Doo Kang ◽  
Jea Woog Lee ◽  
Jae Jun Nam ◽  
Doug Hyun Han
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Cognitive Characteristics ◽  
Emotional Perception ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Self Transcendence

The esports industry is increasing in popularity and is now played at the professional level. We hypothesized that esports players may have a significant advantage over the general population in terms of psychological and cognitive characteristics, which may be similar to that of professional baseball players. We recruited three participant groups: esports players (n = 55), pro-baseball players (n = 57), and age- and sex-matched healthy comparison subjects (n = 60). We assessed psychological status using the Korean versions of Temperament and Character Inventory and State and Trait Anxiety Inventory and cognitive functions using the modified Tower of London, Emotional Perception, and Mental Rotation tests. Esports players had similar psychological characteristics to pro-baseball players (higher novelty seeking [p < 0.01 *, ŋ = 0.818], self-directedness [p < 0.01 *, ŋ = 0.757], and self-transcendence scores [p < 0.01 *, ŋ = 0.853], and decreased state anxiety scores [p < 0.01 *, ŋ = 0.808]), which differed from those of the general population. However, esports players showed higher working memory [p < 0.01 *, ŋ = 0.823] and slower emotional perception than pro-baseball players [p < 0.01 *, ŋ = 0.812]. In conclusion, esports and pro-baseball players had similar psychological but different cognitive characteristics.

Sex- and age-specific associations between major depressive disorder and metabolic syndrome in two general population samples in Germany

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 611-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Block ◽  
Sabine Schipf ◽  
Sandra Van der Auwera ◽  
Anke Hannemann ◽  
Matthias Nauck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
General Population ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive
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