scholarly journals Differential patterns of brain activation between hoarding disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder during executive performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-673
Author(s):  
Maria Suñol ◽  
Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín ◽  
Maria Picó-Pérez ◽  
Clara López-Solà ◽  
Eva Real ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Error Processing ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Hoarding Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Executive Performance ◽  
Response Switching ◽  
The Right

AbstractBackgroundPreliminary evidence suggests that hoarding disorder (HD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may show distinct patterns of brain activation during executive performance, although results have been inconclusive regarding the specific neural correlates of their differential executive dysfunction. In the current study, we aim to evaluate differences in brain activation between patients with HD, OCD and healthy controls (HCs) during response inhibition, response switching and error processing.MethodsWe assessed 17 patients with HD, 18 patients with OCD and 19 HCs. Executive processing was assessed inside a magnetic resonance scanner by means of two variants of a cognitive control protocol (i.e. stop- and switch-signal tasks), which allowed for the assessment of the aforementioned executive domains.ResultsOCD patients performed similar to the HCs, differing only in the number of successful go trials in the switch-signal task. However, they showed an anomalous hyperactivation of the right rostral anterior cingulate cortex during error processing in the switch-signal task. Conversely, HD patients performed worse than OCD and HC participants in both tasks, showing an impulsive-like pattern of response (i.e. shorter reaction time and more commission errors). They also exhibited hyperactivation of the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex during successful response switching and abnormal deactivation of frontal regions during error processing in both tasks.ConclusionsOur results support that patients with HD and OCD present dissimilar cognitive profiles, supported by distinct neural mechanisms. Specifically, while alterations in HD resemble an impulsive pattern of response, patients with OCD present increased error processing during response conflict protocols.

Brain Activation During Response Interference in Twins Discordant or Concordant for Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk den Braber ◽  
Dennis van ‘t Ent ◽  
Danielle C. Cath ◽  
Dick J. Veltman ◽  
Dorret I. Boomsma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Response Interference ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

One of the core behavioral features associated with obsessive compulsive symptomatology is the inability to inhibit thoughts and/or behaviors. Neuroimaging studies have indicated abnormalities in frontostriatal and dorsolateral prefrontal – anterior cingulate circuits during inhibitory control in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder compared with controls. In the present study, task performance and brain activation during Stroop color-word and Flanker interference were compared within monozygotic twin pairs discordant for obsessive compulsive symptoms and between groups of pairs scoring very low or very high on obsessive compulsive symptoms, in order to examine the differential impact of non-shared environmental versus genetic risk factors for obsessive compulsive symptomatology on inhibitory control related functional brain activation. Although performance was intact, brain activation during inhibition of distracting information differed between obsessive compulsive symptom high-scoring compared to low-scoring subjects. Regions affected in the discordant group (e.g., temporal and anterior cingulate gyrus) were partly different from those observed to be affected in the concordant groups (e.g., parietal gyrus and thalamus). A robust increase in dorsolateral prefrontal activity during response interference was observed in both the high-scoring twins of the discordant sample and the high-scoring twins of the concordant sample, marking this structure as a possible key region for disturbances in inhibitory control in obsessive compulsive disorder.

scholarly journals Disentangling Within- and Between-Person Effects During Response Inhibition in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pernille Hagland ◽  
Anders Lillevik Thorsen ◽  
Olga Therese Ousdal ◽  
Rolf Gjestad ◽  
Stella J. de Wit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Exposure And Response Prevention ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Right ◽  
Over Time

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been related to worse performance, abnormal brain activity, and functional connectivity during response inhibition. Whether these findings are indications of stable traits that contribute to the development of the disorder, or whether they are a result of the state severity of obsessions and anxiety, remains unclear since previous research mainly has employed cross-sectional designs. The present study aimed to assess longitudinal between- and within-person relationships between symptoms, task performance, right inferior frontal gyrus brain activation, and connectivity between the right amygdala and the right pre-supplementary motor area in 29 OCD patients before and after concentrated exposure and response prevention treatment.Method: Patients received exposure and response prevention delivered during 4 consecutive days, following the Bergen 4-day Treatment format. Patients performed a Stop Signal Task during 3T functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging the day before treatment, as well as 1 week and 3 months after treatment completion. Multilevel models were used to analyze disaggregated within- and between-person effects over time. Independent variables were scores on the symptom severity scales for OCD, anxiety, depression, and state distress during scanning. Dependent variables were reaction time for go trials, stop signal response time, task-related brain activation and connectivity.Results: A positive between-person effect was found for obsessive-compulsive, anxiety, and depressive symptom severity on go trial reaction time, indicating that patients with higher symptom scores on average respond slower during accurate go trials. We also found no significant between- or within-person relations between symptom severity and task-related activation or fronto-limbic connectivity.Conclusions: The between-person findings may point toward a general association between slower processing speed and symptom severity in OCD. Longitudinal studies should disaggregate between- and within-person effects to better understand variation over time.

Recurrent hyperperfusion in the right orbitofrontal cortex in obsessive–compulsive disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 1082-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryohei Matsumoto ◽  
Takashi Nakamae ◽  
Takafumi Yoshida ◽  
Yurinosuke Kitabayashi ◽  
Yo Ushijima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Voxel-wise meta-analysis of grey matter changes in obsessive–compulsive disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 195 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim Radua ◽  
David Mataix-Cols
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Caudate Nuclei ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

BackgroundSpecific cortico-striato-thalamic circuits are hypothesised to mediate the symptoms of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), but structural neuroimaging studies have been inconsistent.AimsTo conduct a meta-analysis of published and unpublished voxel-based morphometry studies in OCD.MethodTwelve data-sets comprising 401 people with OCD and 376 healthy controls met inclusion criteria. A new improved voxel-based meta-analytic method, signed differential mapping (SDM), was developed to examine regions of increased and decreased grey matter volume in the OCD group v. control group.ResultsNo between-group differences were found in global grey matter volumes. People with OCD had increased regional grey matter volumes in bilateral lenticular nuclei, extending to the caudate nuclei, as well as decreased volumes in bilateral dorsal medial frontal/anterior cingulate gyri. A descriptive analysis of quartiles, a sensitivity analysis as well as analyses of subgroups further confirmed these findings. Meta-regression analyses showed that studies that included individuals with more severe OCD were significantly more likely to report increased grey matter volumes in the basal ganglia. No effect of current antidepressant treatment was observed.ConclusionsThe results support a dorsal prefrontal–striatal model of the disorder and raise the question of whether functional alterations in other brain regions commonly associated with OCD, such as the orbitofrontal cortex, may reflect secondary compensatory strategies. Whether the reported differences between participants with OCD and controls precede the onset of the symptoms and whether they are specific to OCD remains to be established.

scholarly journals Toward a unified connectomic target for deep brain stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningfei Li ◽  
Juan Carlos Baldermann ◽  
Astrid Kibleur ◽  
Svenja Treu ◽  
Harith Akram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Fiber Tracts ◽  
Deep Brain

AbstractMultiple surgical targets have been proposed for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with deep brain stimulation (DBS). However, different targets may modulate the same neural network responsible for clinical improvement. Here we analyzed data from four cohorts of OCD patients (N = 50) that underwent DBS to the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC), the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) or the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Fiber tracts that were predominantly connected to electrodes in good or poor DBS responders were isolated from a normative structural connectome and assigned a predictive value. Strikingly, the same fiber bundle was related to treatment response when independently analyzing two large training cohorts that targeted either ALIC or STN. This discriminative tract is a subsection of the ALIC and connects frontal regions (such as the dorsal anterior cingulate, dACC, and ventral prefrontal, vlPFC, cortices to the STN). When informing the tract solely based on one cohort (e.g. ALIC), clinical improvements in the other (e.g. STN) could be significantly predicted, and vice versa. Finally, clinical improvements of eight patients from a third center with electrodes in the NAcc and six patients from a fourth center in which electrodes had been implanted in both STN and ALIC were significantly predicted based on this novel tract-based DBS target. Results suggest a functional role of a limbic hyperdirect pathway that projects from dACC and vlPFC to anteriomedial STN. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms seem to be tractable by modulating the specific bundle isolated here. Our results show that connectivity-derived improvement models can inform clinical improvement across DBS targets, surgeons and centers. The identified tract is now three-dimensionally defined in stereotactic standard space and will be made openly available.

Hoarding Disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Lochner ◽  
Dan Stein ◽  
Eileen Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Hoarding Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual

Hoarding disorder is characterized by an obsessive need to acquire, collect, or keep possessions and difficulty in organizing and discarding, resulting in accumulation of clutter, which elicits great concern from family and friends. Functioning is usually impaired in a variety of domains. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is the disorder most closely associated with hoarding. Overvalued ideation regarding the value or usefulness of possessions may make it impossible for individuals to discard items. This review contains 1 table, and 22 references. Key words: clutter, diagnostic and statistical manual, etiology, hoarding, obsessive-compulsive and related disorder

Pathology of the anterior cingulate cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
M. V. Kireev ◽  
N. S. Medvedeva ◽  
A. D. Korotkov ◽  
Ju. I. Polyakov ◽  
A. D. Anichkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder
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