How distinct is ‘distinct quality’ of mood?

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. PARKER ◽  
J. ROUSSOS ◽  
K. EYERS ◽  
K. WILHELM ◽  
P. MITCHELL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Quality Criterion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Melancholic Depression ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Components Analysis

Background. The DSM-IV criteria for melancholia include the clinical feature ‘distinct quality’, defined as a mood state differing from that experienced in bereavement. Both propositions – its specificity to melancholia and its definition – remain problematical.Methods. We examine both propositions by analysing an adjective checklist completed by melancholic and non-melancholic depressed subjects, as well as by a bereaved sample. The checklist was refined by a principal components analysis to four scales – one assessing a general ‘mood’ severity or dysphoric dimension, and the other three assessing dimensions of ‘fatigue’, ‘numbness’ and ‘guilt’.Results. If the concept of ‘distinct quality’ has validity, we would require specificity of the refined qualitative constructs to melancholic depression. The ‘numbness’ component met that requirement, but only to a degree. While bereaved subjects did differ from those with melancholic depression on a number of our refined qualitative mood domains, such differences appeared more related to lower levels of depression in the bereaved sample.Conclusions. We argue for deleting the ‘distinct quality’ criterion from diagnostic checklists of melancholia until its definition has been improved, its utility demonstrated and its specificity to any depressive subtype established as having clinical significance.

scholarly journals A Novel Sky-Subtraction Method Based on Non-negative Matrix Factorisation with Sparsity for Multi-object Fibre Spectroscopy

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Long Zhang ◽  
Zhongfu Ye
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Curve Fitting ◽  
The Other ◽  
Subtraction Method ◽  
B Spline ◽  
Spline Curve ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Matrix Factorisation

AbstractA novel sky-subtraction method based on non-negative matrix factorisation with sparsity is proposed in this paper. The proposed non-negative matrix factorisation with sparsity method is redesigned for sky-subtraction considering the characteristics of the skylights. It has two constraint terms, one for sparsity and the other for homogeneity. Different from the standard sky-subtraction techniques, such as the B-spline curve fitting methods and the Principal Components Analysis approaches, sky-subtraction based on non-negative matrix factorisation with sparsity method has higher accuracy and flexibility. The non-negative matrix factorisation with sparsity method has research value for the sky-subtraction on multi-object fibre spectroscopic telescope surveys. To demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm, experiments are performed on Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope data, as the mechanisms of the multi-object fibre spectroscopic telescopes are similar.

Construct Validity and Reliability of Scores on Scales to Measure the Impairment of Health-Related Quality of Life in Persons With Asthma

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heibatollah Baghi ◽  
Martin Atherton
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Components Analysis

The purpose of this study was to test the reliability, validity, and effectiveness of a health-related quality of life (HRQOL) instrument—the MiniAQLQ—among persons with asthma who were using a web-based intervention for guided self-management (www.MyAsthma.com). The MiniAQLQ was completed online in 1999 by 307 participants referred to www.MyAsthma.com by their primary care physicians. Construct validity of the MiniAQLQ was assessed by principal components analysis; reliability was estimated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient; and differences in means between pretest and posttest were analyzed using paired t test. The analysis produced four empirically meaningful factors with reliability of scores ranging from 0.65 to 0.94. Participants reported significant improvement in HRQOL after participating in this intervention. The four factors (activities, symptoms, emotions, and environment) generated by the principal components analysis empirically supported the four domains used in the development of the MiniAQLQ. Scores for the four factors were internally consistent and assessed the distinct domains. The MiniAQLQ appears to be a psychometrically sound instrument for measuring HRQOL online among asthma patients who are participating in online interventions.

The Role of Odour Quality in the Perception of Binary and Higher-Order Mixtures

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p7267 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1373-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lindqvist ◽  
Anders Höglund ◽  
Birgitta Berglund
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Pentanoic Acid ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Polyamide 6.6

Twenty participants scaled similarities in odour quality, odour intensity and pleasantness/unpleasantness of 10 binary and 5 higher-order mixtures of 5 odorous degradation products from the polymer Polyamide 6.6. The perceived odour qualities of all binary mixtures were represented well as intermediary vectors relative to their component-odour vectors in a three-component principal components analysis. The odour qualities of the “floral/fruity” 2-pentylcyclopentan-1-one and the “sharp/cheese-like” pentanoic acid contributed profoundly to their binary mixtures, as did the “minty” cyclopentanone, but in fewer cases. Conversely, the “ether-like” 2-methyl pyridine and “nutty” butanamide did not contribute much. Odour similarity was shown to be caused by odour quality, rather than odour intensity. Three out of five degradation products formed distinct clusters of odours and were therefore interpreted to be profound contributors to the odour quality of the binary mixtures. The higher-order mixtures created new odour qualities which were completely different and untraceable to their various parts as perceived alone. These results demonstrate that it is critical to research the perception of natural mixtures in order to be able to understand the human olfactory code.

Patterns of change in maternal–child discourse behaviors across repeated storybook readings

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSAN A. MCDONNELL ◽  
SANDY FRIEL–PATTI ◽  
PAMELA ROSENTHAL ROLLINS
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Child Participation ◽  
Composite Variable ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Maternal Scaffolding ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Reading Session

Fourteen mother–child dyads were videotaped four times over 16 days as they repeatedly read an initially unfamiliar storybook. Videotapes were transcribed and a variety of discourse measures were coded for both mother and child. Principal components analysis was used to combine three maternal and three child variables into a single composite variable, engagement, which described levels and quality of maternal and child participation in extratextual interactions during the first reading session. Dyads with the highest levels of engagement during the first session showed the greatest rates of change for a number of discourse measures. Results are discussed in terms of maternal scaffolding approaches, child participation, the importance of context and the nature of the task, and implications for intervention.

Sub-syndromes of tardive dyskinesia

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kidger ◽  
T. R. E. Barnes ◽  
T. Trauer ◽  
P. J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parkinsonian Syndrome ◽  
Limb Movements ◽  
Components Analysis

SYNOPSISA reliable method for recording the site and duration of purposeless movements was devised. With this method 267 subjects were studied, 182 of whom had been exposed to neuroleptics. The results were submitted to a principal components analysis and 3 movement dimensions emerged. One group of movements resembled a parkinsonian syndrome. The other 2 groups of movements both conformed to the generally accepted criteria for tardive dyskinesia. These groups were: (1) head and neck movements and (2) trunk and limb movements. The possibility of the second and third groups representing clinically relevant sub-syndromes of tardive dyskinesia is discussed.

Soil surface lichens in arid and subarid south-eastern Australia. II. Phytosociology and geographic zonation

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Influence Analysis ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Components Analysis

Five lichen species groups were delimited, principal components analysis and influence analysis being used as aids to group identification. With these same techniques it was demonstrated that two of the species groups formed "background" floras in adjacent geographic areas, the other three species groups, being superimposed upon the "background" floras to produce five separate geographic zones of lichen distribution.

scholarly journals Principal Components Analysis Utility in the Livestock Field

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Ancuta Simona Rotaru ◽  
Ioana Pop ◽  
Anamaria Vatca ◽  
Luisa Andronie
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Method Factor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Components Analysis

Principal Component Analysis is a method factor - factor analysis - and is used to reduce data complexity by replacingmassive data sets by smaller sets. It is also used to highlight the way in which the variables are correlated with eachother and to determining the (less)latent variableswhich are behind the (more)measured variables. These latent variables are called factors, hence the name of the methodi.e. factor analysis. Our paper shows the applicability of Principal Components Analysis (PCA) in livestock area of study by carrying out a researchon some physiological characteristics in the case of tencow breeds.By using PCA only two factors have been preserved, concentrating over 80% of their information from the four variables in question, one factor concentrating weight and height and the other factor concentrating trunk circumference and weight at calving, respectively.

scholarly journals Principal components analysis for quality evaluation of cooled banana 'Nanicão' in different packing

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Sanches ◽  
Paulo Ademar Martins Leal ◽  
José Henrique Saravali ◽  
Silvia Antoniali
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Structure Packing ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Treatment Structure

This work aims determinate the evaluation of the quality of 'Nanicão' banana, submitted to two conditions of storage temperature and three different kinds of package, using the technique of the Analysis of Principal Components (ACP), as a basis for an Analysis of Variance. The fruits used were 'Nanicão' bananas, at ripening degree 3, that is, more green than yellow. The packages tested were: "Torito" wood boxes, load capacity: 18 kg; "½ box" wood boxes, load capacity: 13 kg; and cardboard boxes, load capacity: 18 kg. The temperatures assessed were: room temperature (control); and (13±1ºC), with humidity controlled to 90±2,5%. Fruits were discarded when a sensory analysis determined they had become unfit for consumption. Peel coloration, percentages of imperfection, fresh mass, total acidity, pH, total soluble solids and percentages of sucrose were assessed. A completely randomized design with a 2-factorial treatment structure (packing X temperature) was used. The obtained data were analyzed through a multivariate analysis known as Principal Components Analysis, using S-plus 4.2. The conclusion was that the best packages to preserve the fruit were the ½ box ones, which proves that it is necessary to reduce the number of fruits per package to allow better ventilation and decreases mechanical injuries and ensure quality for more time.

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