A Scottish Chapter in the History of Toleration

1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-74
Author(s):  
R. Buick Knox

The year 1988 is the tercentenary of the accession of William and Mary to the throne of England at the invitation of the English Parliament. In 1689 the Estates of Scotland invited them to the Scottish throne. Their accession has been called a Revolution and it made a decisive change in the constitutional and ecclesiastical situation in both countries. Henceforth, the monarchy could not claim to rule solely by divine right. The hereditary principle still operated and the panoply of coronations retained many echoes of a divine commission, but monarchs now ruled within the law and were accountable to the parliaments of the two kingdoms and after 1707 to the parliament of the United Kingdom.

1886 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Cornelius Walford

A case arose about this time—the middle of the eighteenth century—which, as it illustrated some points in practice and an important principle in the law of Insurance, I will briefly review. It is the case of Cleeve v. Gascoigne. In June 1749, the defendant (Gascoigne) had applied to an Office-keeper, or Broker, to insure £1,600 for one year at 5 per-cent on the life of one Poulton, from whom the defendant had agreed to purchase an estate, whereof Poulton had the reversion in fee, and also an intervening interest for his own life.


1887 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-315
Author(s):  
Cornelius Walford

The state of the law in respect to Joint-Stock Companies, and associations for business purposes generally, remained in the same unsatisfactory condition which I have described in the previous section down to this time. Those great Insurance Associations, with millions of capital subscribed, in many cases, by the merchant princes of the land, for purposes admittedly the most beneficent, were simple partnerships, almost without legal recognition, except for purposes tending to their detriment or destruction. They could be attacked or pulled down by legal process readily enough; but they could only protect themselves against fraud, or recover their just debts by the most cumbersome of processes. What they had a right to expect, as institutions designed to aid largely in the accumulation of national wealth, was protection in carrying out their laudable designs; but of this they had not a vestige. Not only was every holder of stock in a proprietary company primarily and personally liable to his last shilling for the engagements of the partnership, but every policy-holder in a mutual society, being a member of, and therefore a partner in such society, was equally liable for all its engagements.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (11) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Maria Zhukova ◽  
Elena Maystrovich ◽  
Elena Muratova ◽  
Aleksey Fedyakin

Author(s):  
Ros Scott

This chapter explores the history of volunteers in the founding and development of United Kingdom (UK) hospice services. It considers the changing role and influences of volunteering on services at different stages of development. Evidence suggests that voluntary sector hospice and palliative care services are dependent on volunteers for the range and quality of services delivered. Within such services, volunteer trustees carry significant responsibility for the strategic direction of the organiszation. Others are engaged in diverse roles ranging from the direct support of patient and families to public education and fundraising. The scope of these different roles is explored before considering the range of management models and approaches to training. This chapter also considers the direct and indirect impact on volunteering of changing palliative care, societal, political, and legislative contexts. It concludes by exploring how and why the sector is changing in the UK and considering the growing autonomy of volunteers within the sector.


Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Georgina M. Robinson

In an age where concern for the environment is paramount, individuals are continuously looking for ways to reduce their carbon footprint—does this now extend to in one’s own death? How can one reduce the environmental impact of their own death? This paper considers various methods of disposing the human body after death, with a particular focus on the environmental impact that the different disposal techniques have. The practices of ‘traditional’ burial, cremation, ‘natural’ burial, and ‘resomation’ will be discussed, with focus on the prospective introduction of the funerary innovation of the alkaline hydrolysis of human corpses, trademarked as ‘Resomation’, in the United Kingdom. The paper situates this process within the history of innovative corpse disposal in the UK in order to consider how this innovation may function within the UK funeral industry in the future, with reference made to possible religious perspectives on the process.


Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 117 (23) ◽  
pp. 6367-6370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R.M. Hay ◽  
Ben Palmer ◽  
Elizabeth Chalmers ◽  
Ri Liesner ◽  
Rhona Maclean ◽  
...  

Abstract The age-adjusted incidence of new factor VIII inhibitors was analyzed in all United Kingdom patients with severe hemophilia A between 1990 and 2009. Three hundred fifteen new inhibitors were reported to the National Hemophilia Database in 2528 patients with severe hemophilia who were followed up for a median (interquartile range) of 12 (4-19) years. One hundred sixty (51%) of these arose in patients ≥ 5 years of age after a median (interquartile range) of 6 (4-11) years' follow-up. The incidence of new inhibitors was 64.29 per 1000 treatment-years in patients < 5 years of age and 5.31 per 1000 treatment-years at age 10-49 years, rising significantly (P = .01) to 10.49 per 1000 treatment-years in patients more than 60 years of age. Factor VIII inhibitors arise in patients with hemophilia A throughout life with a bimodal risk, being greatest in early childhood and in old age. HIV was associated with significantly fewer new inhibitors. The inhibitor incidence rate ratio in HIV-seropositive patients was 0.32 times that observed in HIV-seronegative patients (P < .001). Further study is required to explore the natural history of later-onset factor VIII inhibitors and to investigate other potential risk factors for inhibitor development in previously treated patients.


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