Relative Phytotoxicities of Dinitroaniline Herbicides

The relative phytotoxicities of 12 substituted dinitroaniline herbicides to soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr ‘Corsoy’], velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.), and either giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm.) or foxtail millet [Setaria italica(L.) Beauv.] were compared under greenhouse and laboratory conditions. In these studies, dinitramine (N4,N4-diethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-3,5-dinitrotoluene-2,4-diamine) was most toxic to each species. Dinitramine, trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine), and BAS-3921 H [N-propyl-N-(2-chloroethyl)-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine] were most inhibitory of soybean shoot growth, while oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropyl-sulfanilamide), dinitramine, and BAS-3921 H were most inhibitory of root growth. Similarly, dinitramine, oryzalin, nitralin [4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline], and BAS-3921 H inhibited velvetleaf shoot growth; and oryzalin, dinitramine, chlornidine [2,6-dinitro-N,N-di(2-dichloroethyl)-p-toluidine], nitralin, and GS-39985 (N-n-propyl-N-tetrahydrofurfuryl-4-trifluoromethyl-2,6-dinitroaniline) reduced root growth. All of the herbicides except oryzalin and nitralin inhibited foxtail millet shoot growth, while all of the herbicides reduced root growth.

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Field Comparison of Twelve Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500032379 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 512-516 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

R. G. Harvey

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Abutilon Theophrasti ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Field Bioassay ◽

Setaria Faberi ◽

Giant Foxtail ◽

Plot Area ◽

Relative Persistence ◽

Dinitroaniline Herbicides

The effects of twelve substituted dinitroaniline herbicides on soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr., ‘Corsoy’], velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.), and giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm.) were evaluated under field conditions in 1971 and 1972; and the relative persistence of herbicide residues in soil was determined by field bioassay. Of the herbicides tested, dinitramine (N4,N4-diethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-3,5-dinitrotoluene-2,4-diamine), trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine), and benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2, 6-dinitro-p-toluidine) reduced soybean stands in 1971. Only dinitramine reduced soybean stands in 1972 when applied in low rates, but all of the herbicides except CGA-10832 (N,N-propyl-N-cyclopropylmethyl-4-trifluoromethyl-2,6-dinitroaniline) and chlornidine [N,N(2-chloroethyl)-2,6-dinitro-4-methylaniline] reduced soybean stands at high rates. Overall, oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfanilamide), dinitramine, and BAS-3921 H[N-propyl-N-(2-chloroethyl)-2,6-dinitro-4-trifluoromethylaniline] provided the best velvetleaf control; while trifluralin, benefin, CGA-10832, and BAS-3921 H produced the most satisfactory giant foxtail control. In 1972, residues of seven of the herbicides caused injury to oats planted over the plot area 355 days after the original herbicide application. The greatest oat injury was caused by trifluralin and oryzalin. Oats were not injured, however, from dinitramine residues when planted only 75 days after the herbicide application.

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Influence of Adjuvants and Application Variables on Postemergence Weed Control with Bentazon and Sethoxydim

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500067205 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 462-466 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

S. Kent Harrison ◽

Loyd M. Wax ◽

Loren E. Bode

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Glycine Max ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Weed Control ◽

Abutilon Theophrasti ◽

Setaria Faberi ◽

Giant Foxtail ◽

Carrier Volume ◽

Control Equivalent

Experiments were conducted at Urbana, IL, in 1983 and 1984 to determine the effect of adjuvants, adjuvant rate, and carrier volume on postemergence weed control with bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] and sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Williams’]. Little difference was observed between a petroleum oil:emulsifier blend (83:17, v/v) (POC) and a soybean oil: emulsifier blend (85:15, v/v) (SBOC) in enhancing control of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedik. # ABUTH) with 0.6 or 1.1 kg ai/ha bentazon. Application of bentazon in a carrier volume of 94 L/ha provided velvetleaf control equivalent to that applied in 187 L/ha. Increasing the adjuvant rate from 2.3 to 11.7 L/ha increased visible soybean injury but had no effect on velvetleaf control with bentazon. Control of giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm. # SETFA) with 0.1 kg ai/ha sethoxydim was enhanced more by POC than by SBOC. Phytotoxicity of sethoxydim was not altered by changes in carrier volume or adjuvant rate under conditions of adequate soil moisture in 1983. Under limiting soil moisture in 1984, giant foxtail control with sethoxydim increased slightly when the adjuvant rate was increased from 4.6 to 11.7 L/ha, and carrier volume was increased from 47 to 187 L/ha.

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Reducing Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) and Giant Foxtail (Setaria faberi) Seed Production with Simulated-Roller Herbicide Applications

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500066789 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 256-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Barbara M. Biniak ◽

Richard J. Aldrich

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Carboxylic Acid ◽

Seed Production ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Abutilon Theophrasti ◽

Early Flowering ◽

The Other ◽

Early Application ◽

Setaria Faberi ◽

Giant Foxtail

The potential of preventing seed production and reducing seed viability of weeds that commonly grow taller than soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Williams 82’] was evaluated. Chlorflurenol (2-chloro-9-hydroxy-9H-fluorene-9-carboxylic acid), chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide}, and glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] were evaluated against sparse stands of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedik. # ABUTH) and giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm. # SETFA) growing in soybeans. Simulated-roller applications of all three herbicides significantly reduced seed production and germination of both weeds, although glyphosate was more effective than were the other two. Applications during early flowering of velvetleaf and early heading of giant foxtail reduced seed production more than later applications when some seeds were present. With the early application of glyphosate, 99% prevention of velvetleaf and 96% prevention of giant foxtail seed production were attained. With the early glyphosate application, germination of seeds produced was reduced by 50% in velvetleaf and by 95% in giant foxtail. Soybean yields were not reduced by either glyphosate or chlorflurenol but were drastically reduced by chlorsulfuron.

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Phytotoxicity of Trifluralin Vapors from Soil

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500035207 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 143-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Charles W. Swann ◽

Richard Behrens

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Foxtail Millet ◽

Setaria Italica ◽

Panicum Miliaceum ◽

Proso Millet ◽

Application Rates ◽

Root And Shoot Growth ◽

Root Exposure

Foxtail millet [Setaria italica(L.) Beauv. ‘Empire’] and proso millet(Panicum miliaceumL. ‘White’) seedlings were grown in glass units to expose selectively either roots or shoots to vapors arising from soil containinga,a,a-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin). The root and shoot growth of both species was inhibited by trifluralin vapors. Suppression of root and shoot growth increased as trifluralin application rates increased. In shoot exposure, vapors arising from soil treated with 5 ppmw of trifluralin were lethal to seedlings of both species. In root exposure, root growth of both species was severely suppressed at 20 ppmw, but shoot growth was unaffected. Phytotoxic effects resulting from a given concentration of trifluralin were more severe as greater carrier volumes were used for application. Trifluralin vapors arising from soil 16 to 22 days after treatment were still sufficient to cause shoot growth inhibition.

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Plant-based milk Developed from Soy (Glycine max) Milk and Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica)

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/807/2/022063 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 807 (2) ◽

pp. 022063

Author(s):

Dzul Fadly ◽

Wiwi Ulfairah Sutarno ◽

Yuges Saputri Muttalib ◽

Masturi Muhajir ◽

Fatimah Fitriani Mujahidah

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Foxtail Millet ◽

Setaria Italica

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Surface Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Residues, Giant Foxtail (Setaria faberi), and Soybean (Glycine max) Yield

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500094959 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 939-943 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Ribas A. Vidal ◽

Thomas T. Bauman

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Glycine Max ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Soybean Yield ◽

Setaria Faberi ◽

Giant Foxtail

Experiments were conducted from 1992 through 1994 to determine the effect of 0 to 12 Mg ha−1of surface wheat residues (SWR) on giant foxtail density and crown node length, and soybean yield. Giant foxtail density decreased as SWR increased from 0 to 12 Mg ha−1. SWR of 6 to 12 Mg ha−1reduced giant foxtail density by 2 to 50 % compared to bare soil. The crown node of giant foxtail was 2 cm above the soil surface with 12 Mg ha−1of SWR. Frost in 1992 injured soybean more than weeds in plots with SWR while soybean in soil with no SWR was not injured. In absence of frost in 1993 and 1994, yield of weedy soybean increased 20 to 29%, respectively, with the increase of SWR from 0 to 6 Mg ha−1. In weed-free plots, soybean yield was similar across all SWR levels. These results confirm the hypothesis that high levels of SWR increased soybean yield in weedy plots because of decreased giant foxtail infestation.

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Growth Inhibition of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and Soybean (Glycine max) Roots and Shoots by Three Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500044131 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 336-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. S. Murray ◽

J. E. Street ◽

J. K. Soteres ◽

G. A. Buchanan

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Environmental Control ◽

Plant Response ◽

Control Chamber ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Root And Shoot Growth ◽

Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Environmental control chamber experiments showed that cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Stoneville 213′) and soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Bragg’] root and shoot growth were reduced when treated with increasing rates of dinitramine (N4,N4-diethyl-α,α,α-tri-fluoro-3,5-dinitrotoluene-2,4-diamine), profluralin [N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-α,αα-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-p-toluidine], and trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dintrio-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine). Viusal root ratings, dry root weights, and fresh and dry herbage weights were used to evaluate plant response to herbicide treatments in environmental chambers. The order of increasing GR50values for cotton on two soils and with all response measurements, except dry root weights on one soil, was trifluralin, dinitramine, and profluralin. The order of increasing GR50values for soybeans on two soils and with all response measurements was dinitramine, trifluralin, and profluralin.

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Differential Root Growth of FourSetariaTaxa

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500062676 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 364-368 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

P. L. Orwick ◽

M. M. Schreiber

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Lateral Roots ◽

Root Diameter ◽

Seminal Root ◽

Setaria Viridis ◽

First Order ◽

Setaria Faberi ◽

Giant Foxtail ◽

Green Foxtail ◽

Controlled Environments

We studied the early root growth of fourSetariataxa: giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm.), giant green foxtail [Setaria viridisvar.major(Gaud.) Posp.], robust white foxtail (Setaria viridisvar.robusta-albaSchreiber), robust purple foxtail (Setaria viridisvar.robusta-purpureaSchreiber). Growth studies in controlled environments showed significant differences in root elongation among the taxa at three photoperiods. Seminal root lengths after 4 days followed the order presented for selectivity and metabolism of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] and propazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] (robust white foxtail > giant green foxtail = robust purple foxtail > giant foxtail). Giant foxtail had the greatest root diameter, resulting in the greatest surface area and volume when lengths were equated. The order of seminal root lengths or diameters changed little after 7 days. Robust white foxtail had the most and longest first order lateral roots. Diameter of first order laterals showed giant foxtail > giant green foxtail = robust purple foxtail > robust white foxtail.

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