Influence of Adjuvants and Application Variables on Postemergence Weed Control with Bentazon and Sethoxydim

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kent Harrison ◽  
Loyd M. Wax ◽  
Loren E. Bode
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Carrier Volume ◽  
Control Equivalent

Experiments were conducted at Urbana, IL, in 1983 and 1984 to determine the effect of adjuvants, adjuvant rate, and carrier volume on postemergence weed control with bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] and sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Williams’]. Little difference was observed between a petroleum oil:emulsifier blend (83:17, v/v) (POC) and a soybean oil: emulsifier blend (85:15, v/v) (SBOC) in enhancing control of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedik. # ABUTH) with 0.6 or 1.1 kg ai/ha bentazon. Application of bentazon in a carrier volume of 94 L/ha provided velvetleaf control equivalent to that applied in 187 L/ha. Increasing the adjuvant rate from 2.3 to 11.7 L/ha increased visible soybean injury but had no effect on velvetleaf control with bentazon. Control of giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm. # SETFA) with 0.1 kg ai/ha sethoxydim was enhanced more by POC than by SBOC. Phytotoxicity of sethoxydim was not altered by changes in carrier volume or adjuvant rate under conditions of adequate soil moisture in 1983. Under limiting soil moisture in 1984, giant foxtail control with sethoxydim increased slightly when the adjuvant rate was increased from 4.6 to 11.7 L/ha, and carrier volume was increased from 47 to 187 L/ha.

Seedbed Tillage and Herbicide Influence on Soybean (Glycine max) Weed Control and Yield

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 520-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kapusta
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Naphthylphthalamic Acid ◽  
Tillage Method ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum

Twenty herbicide treatments were evaluated on conventional-till (plow, disc, and harrow), minimum-till (disc only), and no-till planted soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] from 1976 through 1978 at the Belleville Research Center in St. Clair County, Illinois. The soil type was a Weir silt loam (Typic Ochraqualf) characterized by poor internal drainage and 1.2% organic matter. Weed population by species, weed control, and soybean population, injury, and yield were obtained. Fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorumMichx.) and giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm.) were the dominant species in all tillage systems, exceeding 1 million plants/ha in the conventional and no-till plots. These species and ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq.] were the most difficult to control each year. Weed control was the poorest in the no-till plots because of the large size of the weeds at the time of herbicide application, insufficient rainfall following, and because the plots were not cultivated. The soybean population was equal in all tillage systems except in 1976 when the no-till population exceeded that in the other tillage systems. Treatments that included oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfanilamide) caused 42 and 35% soybean injury in the 1976 minimum and no-till plots, respectively. Postemergence-applied naptalam (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid) plus dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) caused leaf burn each year that ranged from 5 to 35% but all plants recovered within several weeks of application. The seedbed tillage method and herbicide treatments did not significantly affect soybean yields in 1976 when all the herbicides were effective. No-till yields in 1977 and 1978 were substantially lower than yields in conventional and minimum-till plots because of poor weed control. Soybean yields were 2506, 2466, and 1714 kg/ha in the conventional-till, minimum-till, and no-till plots, respectively, when averaged over the 3 yr and 20 herbicide treatments.

Relative Phytotoxicities of Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 517-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides

The relative phytotoxicities of 12 substituted dinitroaniline herbicides to soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr ‘Corsoy’], velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.), and either giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm.) or foxtail millet [Setaria italica(L.) Beauv.] were compared under greenhouse and laboratory conditions. In these studies, dinitramine (N4,N4-diethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-3,5-dinitrotoluene-2,4-diamine) was most toxic to each species. Dinitramine, trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine), and BAS-3921 H [N-propyl-N-(2-chloroethyl)-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine] were most inhibitory of soybean shoot growth, while oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropyl-sulfanilamide), dinitramine, and BAS-3921 H were most inhibitory of root growth. Similarly, dinitramine, oryzalin, nitralin [4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline], and BAS-3921 H inhibited velvetleaf shoot growth; and oryzalin, dinitramine, chlornidine [2,6-dinitro-N,N-di(2-dichloroethyl)-p-toluidine], nitralin, and GS-39985 (N-n-propyl-N-tetrahydrofurfuryl-4-trifluoromethyl-2,6-dinitroaniline) reduced root growth. All of the herbicides except oryzalin and nitralin inhibited foxtail millet shoot growth, while all of the herbicides reduced root growth.

Reducing Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) and Giant Foxtail (Setaria faberi) Seed Production with Simulated-Roller Herbicide Applications

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara M. Biniak ◽  
Richard J. Aldrich
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Application ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Giant Foxtail

The potential of preventing seed production and reducing seed viability of weeds that commonly grow taller than soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Williams 82’] was evaluated. Chlorflurenol (2-chloro-9-hydroxy-9H-fluorene-9-carboxylic acid), chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide}, and glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] were evaluated against sparse stands of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedik. # ABUTH) and giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm. # SETFA) growing in soybeans. Simulated-roller applications of all three herbicides significantly reduced seed production and germination of both weeds, although glyphosate was more effective than were the other two. Applications during early flowering of velvetleaf and early heading of giant foxtail reduced seed production more than later applications when some seeds were present. With the early application of glyphosate, 99% prevention of velvetleaf and 96% prevention of giant foxtail seed production were attained. With the early glyphosate application, germination of seeds produced was reduced by 50% in velvetleaf and by 95% in giant foxtail. Soybean yields were not reduced by either glyphosate or chlorflurenol but were drastically reduced by chlorsulfuron.

Field Comparison of Twelve Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 512-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Field Bioassay ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
Relative Persistence ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides

The effects of twelve substituted dinitroaniline herbicides on soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr., ‘Corsoy’], velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.), and giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm.) were evaluated under field conditions in 1971 and 1972; and the relative persistence of herbicide residues in soil was determined by field bioassay. Of the herbicides tested, dinitramine (N4,N4-diethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-3,5-dinitrotoluene-2,4-diamine), trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine), and benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2, 6-dinitro-p-toluidine) reduced soybean stands in 1971. Only dinitramine reduced soybean stands in 1972 when applied in low rates, but all of the herbicides except CGA-10832 (N,N-propyl-N-cyclopropylmethyl-4-trifluoromethyl-2,6-dinitroaniline) and chlornidine [N,N(2-chloroethyl)-2,6-dinitro-4-methylaniline] reduced soybean stands at high rates. Overall, oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfanilamide), dinitramine, and BAS-3921 H[N-propyl-N-(2-chloroethyl)-2,6-dinitro-4-trifluoromethylaniline] provided the best velvetleaf control; while trifluralin, benefin, CGA-10832, and BAS-3921 H produced the most satisfactory giant foxtail control. In 1972, residues of seven of the herbicides caused injury to oats planted over the plot area 355 days after the original herbicide application. The greatest oat injury was caused by trifluralin and oryzalin. Oats were not injured, however, from dinitramine residues when planted only 75 days after the herbicide application.

Influence of Soybean Oil Carrier and Method of Application on Weed Control in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van E. Banks ◽  
Lawrence R. Oliver ◽  
Marilyn McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Carrier Volume ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

Acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} and bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] plus acifluorfen were applied through hydraulic flat-fan nozzles or controlled-droplet applicators (CDA) in water plus surfactant, soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] oil and water emulsions, and soybean oil alone. Except for inadequate weed control with CDA applications at 7 L/ha, method of application did not affect weed control of common cocklebur (Xanthium strumariumL. #3XANST) or smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridusL. # AMACH) at high rates of bentazon plus acifluorfen (560 plus 280 g ai/ha or above). With low rates (280 plus 140 g/ha or less), hydraulic flat-fan nozzles were more effective than CDA applications. Early CDA applications of acifluorfen in an oil carrier at a volume of 9 L/ha were as effective as hydraulic nozzle applications at a carrier volume of 47 L/ha. Later applications resulted in inadequate weed control. Increasing soybean oil concentration from 2.5 to 40% (v/v) in acifluorfen spray mixtures did not significantly increase the phytotoxicity of acifluorfen.

Weed Control with Reduced Rates of Chlorimuron Plus Metribuzin and Imazethapyr in No-Till Narrow-Row Soybean (Glycine max)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Johnson ◽  
Jeffrey S. Dilbeck ◽  
Michael S. Defelice ◽  
J. Andrew Kendig
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Narrow Row

Field studies were conducted at three locations in 1993 and 1994 to evaluate weed control and crop response to combinations of glyphosate, metolachlor, 0.5 X and 1 X label rates of chlorimuron plus metribuzin applied prior to planting (PP), and 0.5 X and 1 X label rates of imazethapyr applied early postemergence (EPOST) or postemergence (POST) in no-till narrow-row soybean production. Giant foxtail densities were reduced with sequential PP followed by (fb) EPOST or POST treatments. Large crabgrass was reduced equivalently with all herbicide combinations involving chlorimuron plus metribuzin PP fb imazethapyr. Common cocklebur control was variable but was usually greater with treatments that included imazethapyr. Ivyleaf morningglory densities were not reduced with any herbicide combinations. Sequential PP fb EPOST or POST treatments tended to provide slightly better weed suppression than PP-only treatments, but the difference was rarely significant. Soybean yields with treatments utilizing 0.5 X rates were usually equal to 1 X rates.

Surface Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Residues, Giant Foxtail (Setaria faberi), and Soybean (Glycine max) Yield

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ribas A. Vidal ◽  
Thomas T. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Giant Foxtail

Experiments were conducted from 1992 through 1994 to determine the effect of 0 to 12 Mg ha−1of surface wheat residues (SWR) on giant foxtail density and crown node length, and soybean yield. Giant foxtail density decreased as SWR increased from 0 to 12 Mg ha−1. SWR of 6 to 12 Mg ha−1reduced giant foxtail density by 2 to 50 % compared to bare soil. The crown node of giant foxtail was 2 cm above the soil surface with 12 Mg ha−1of SWR. Frost in 1992 injured soybean more than weeds in plots with SWR while soybean in soil with no SWR was not injured. In absence of frost in 1993 and 1994, yield of weedy soybean increased 20 to 29%, respectively, with the increase of SWR from 0 to 6 Mg ha−1. In weed-free plots, soybean yield was similar across all SWR levels. These results confirm the hypothesis that high levels of SWR increased soybean yield in weedy plots because of decreased giant foxtail infestation.

Annual Weed Control by Glyphosate in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max)

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Comfort M. Ateh ◽  
Robert G. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Giant Foxtail

Control of natural infestations of common lambsquarters and giant foxtail in 1993, 1994, and 1995 and of velvetleaf in 1994 and 1995 by postemergence application of glyphosate to glyphosate-resistant soybean planted in narrow (20 cm) and wide (76 cm) rows was evaluated. Planting glyphosate-resistant soybean in narrow rows and applying reduced rates of glyphosate when common lambsquarters, giant foxtail, and velvetleaf were at their actively growing stage 3 to 18 cm, 5 to 28 cm, and 3 to 20 cm tall, respectively, resulted in > 90% control. The effect of time of herbicide application was greater than the rate of herbicide application, especially within the wide-row soybean plantings. Applying imazethapyr in combination with glyphosate did not improve weed control or soybean yield compared with glyphosate alone.

Effect of Tillage Systems on the Efficacy and Phytotoxicity of Imazaquin and Imazethapyr in Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Anthony Mills ◽  
William W. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Adequate Control ◽  
No Till ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Giant Foxtail

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the interactions of tillage systems with imazaquin and imazethapyr on weed control and soybean injury and yield. Control of jimsonweed, common cocklebur, ivyleaf morningglory, velvetleaf, and giant foxtail from imazaquin and imazethapyr in conventional tillage was generally equal to or greater than control in no-tillage. However, under limited rainfall, weed control in no-tillage was generally equal to or greater than control in conventional tillage. Reductions in soybean heights due to herbicide treatment were evident in both tillage systems in 1985 and 1986 but not in. Soybean yields were reduced in 1985 from imazaquin at 140, 210, and 250 g/ha and imazethapyr at 105 and 140 g/ha. Yields were not reduced in 1986 and. Imazaquin and imazethapyr appear to provide adequate control of jimsonweed, common cocklebur, ivyleaf morningglory, velvetleaf, and giant foxtail in conventional and no-till systems.

Weed control with reduced rates of imazaquin and imazethapyr in no-till narrow-row soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Johnson ◽  
Jeffrey S. Dilbeck ◽  
Michael S. DeFelice ◽  
J. Andrew Kendig
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Narrow Row

Field studies were conducted at three locations in 1993 and 1994 to evaluate weed control and crop response to metolachlor plus combinations of 0.5 × and 1 × label rates of imazaquin applied preplant and imazethapyr applied early postemergence or postemergence in no-till narrow-row soybean production. Giant foxtail, common ragweed, common cocklebur, and large crabgrass population reductions were greater with sequential preplant metolachlor plus imazaquin followed by early postemergence or postemergence imazethapyr than with preplant metolachlor plus imazaquin or early postemergence/postemergence imazethapyr alone. Ivyleaf morningglory was not effectively controlled by any herbicide program. Pennsylvania smartweed populations were reduced with all herbicide treatments. Soybean yields with treatments utilizing 0.5 × rates were usually equal to 1 × rates if imazethapyr was applied early postemergence or postemergence. Net income with reduced herbicide rates was equal to full-label rates and provided no greater risk to net income.

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