Growth Regulators and Prickly Sida Seed Dormancy

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Newton ◽  
G.H. Egley
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Exogenous Growth ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida

Dormant (fresh) and nondormant (afterripened) prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.) seeds were extracted and bioassayed for both inhibitory and promotory growth regulators. Both dormant and nondormant prickly sida seeds contained water-soluble inhibitors, but these inhibitor levels in nondormant seeds did not change after 8 hr of incubation. A basic inhibitor was present in dormant seeds, but not in nondormant seeds. Exogenous growth regulators stimulated germination of dormant seeds only when a portion of the seed coat was removed. Promoter levels in nonincubated, dormant and nondormant seeds were similar, but there were increases in promoter levels in nondormant seeds after 8 hr of incubation. However, it was not determined whether the promoter increases were a cause or a result of germination.

Germination of Developing Prickly Sida Seeds

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Egley
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Dry Storage ◽  
Water Imbibition ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
Days After Anthesis

Freshly-produced, mature prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.) seeds (18 to 21 days after anthesis, < 20% water content) were dormant and neither imbibed water nor germinated when incubated for up to 4 weeks under several light and temperature conditions. Over 80% of the freshly-produced, immature seeds (12 to 16 days after anthesis, > 20% water content) germinated when removed from the mother-plant before dehydration and incubated in alternating 20 to 30 C for 4 weeks. The onset of dormancy coincided with the later stages of seed dehydration and coat-hardening. Over 90% of the mature seeds imbibed water and germinated when incubated at 35 C after 4 months dry storage at 25 C. A puncture through the seed coat, either over the radicle or cotyledons, permitted water imbibition by all mature seeds, but the puncture over the radicle was significantly more effective in inducing germination. Seed coat impermeability was important, but was not the only factor responsible for prickly sida dormancy.

Embryo and seed coat factors produce seed dormancy in capeweed (Arctotheca calendula)

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 849 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Ellery ◽  
R. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Embryo Dormancy ◽  
High Level ◽  
Persistent Seed Bank

Capeweed [Arctotheca calendula (L.) Levyns.] is common in annual pastures of southern Australia. The physiological basis of seed dormancy in capeweed seeds was studied to determine the likely role of dormancy in the success of this species. Two dormancy mechanisms were identified: one embryo-based and the other imposed on the embryo by the seed coat. Embryo dormancy could be overcome by leaching, suggesting that this form of dormancy was caused by a water-soluble germination inhibitor, possibly localised in the cotyledons. Following an initial after-ripening period, embryo dormancy was rapidly relieved under conditions experienced on the soil surface during summer. Ungerminated embryos entered secondary dormancy in winter. Seed coat-imposed dormancy persisted longer than primary embryo dormancy, but was not associated with mechanical constriction of embryo growth, or with limited water or oxygen supply to the embryo. Embryo and seed coat dormancy mechanisms interacted to maintain a high level of dormancy in these seeds at all times. Thus, a large proportion of seeds produced might enter a persistent seed bank, enabling re-establishment following years when seed production is limited by unfavourable seasonal conditions or cropping activities.

scholarly journals OVERCOMING SEED DORMANCY IN Annona macroprophyllata AND Annona purpureaUSING PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
GISELA FERREIRA ◽  
IVAN DE-LA-CRUZ-CHACÓN ◽  
ALMA ROSA GONZÁLEZ-ESQUINCA
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Mean Time

ABSTRACT Some Annonaceae seeds are known to exhibit dormancy mechanisms ranging from possible seed coat impermeability to physiological dormancy. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of gibberellin (GA) GA3 and GA4+7 + benzyladenine (GA4+7 + BA) application in seeds of Annona macroprophyllata Donn. Sm (papausa) and Annona purpurea Moc. & Sessé ex Dunal (chincuya). The experiment was performed by the application of GA3 and GA4+7 + BA on seeds in concentrations of 0, 200, 400, 500, 600, 800 and 1000 mg L-1. The regulators broke the dormancy of both species. However, application of the GA4+7 + BA mixture had more significant results, with greater increases in germination in A. macroprophyllata than in A. purpurea. Treatments that promoted the highest germinations were GA4+7 + BA at a concentration of 200 mg L-1 for A. macroprophyllata (77%) and 200 mg L-1 of GA4+7 + BA and 500 mg L-1 of GA3 for A. purpurea (30% and 29%, respectively). Rate index, mean time and frequency of germination were distinct for both species and both treatments. Although both GA3 and GA4+7 + BA promote germination, the GA4+7 + BA mixture was more effective than GA3 to overcoming seed dormancy of both species, A. purpurea has a harder dormancy than A. macroprophyllata

scholarly journals Physical seed dormancy in Abrus precatorious (Ratti): a scientific validation of indigenous technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajender Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Mass Measurement ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Abrus Precatorius ◽  
Moisture Storage ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Scientific Validation

Abstract Seeds of Abrus precatorius L. (Fabaceae) were used as weight measure by Indigenous people. Where, the seeds were referred as Ratti; a traditional Indian unit of mass measurement. Seed weight fluctuates depending upon age, moisture, storage-period/conditions. Therefore, use of seeds as a weighing unit become dubious and need to be validated. For this purpose, seeds of A. precatorious were subjected to different moisture conditions and periodically monitored. Surprisingly, there was no change in seed weight was observed, indicating the impermeability of seed coat. The later was confirmed by scarification of seed coat which resulted in 53% increase in seed weight against 0% in control. Further, presence of a potent toxin (abrin) in the seed coat protects it from pests and microbes, and contributes to the maintenance of impermeability for longer period of time. The data validates the use of A. precatorious seeds as a weighing unit (ratti) by the indigenous people and discussed.

scholarly journals Preplant and in‐crop herbicide programs for prickly sida ( Sida spinosa L.) control in soybean

cftm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh T. Copes ◽  
Donnie K. Miller ◽  
Rakesh K. Godara ◽  
James L. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Herbicide Programs

scholarly journals Effects of Different Pretreatments and Seed Coat on Dormancy and Germination of Seeds of Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Fabaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Stephen I. Mensah ◽  
Chimezie Ekeke
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Senna Obtusifolia

<p class="1Body">The seed dormancy of <em>Senna obtusifolia</em> was investigated through various methods, namely pretreatments in concentrated sulfuric acid, 2% potassium nitrate (KNO<sub>3</sub>), 99% ethanol, 99% methanol, and in hydrogen perioxide; examination of the seed coverings; and the determination of water uptake by the seeds in order to ascertain the most effective technique for breaking dormancy and also determine the dormancy type. The results showed that sulfuric acid treatment recorded the highest germination (100%); followed by 2% hydrogen peroxide treatment (24%) in 15minutes immersion. The methanol and ethanol pretreatments gave 18.33% and 16.5% germinations respectively. Pretreatment in 2% potassium nitrate gave the lowest germination (8.50%), while the intact seeds of <em>S. obtusifiolia</em> (control) gave 0% germination. The anatomy of the seed coat indicated the presence of hard, thickened and specialized cells of cuticle, macrosclereids, osteoscereids, and disintegrated parenchyma layers. The water uptake of intact seeds was low (13.5%) after 24 hr imbibitions. These findings revealed that the seed coat acts as barrier to germination by preventing water absorption, possibly gaseous diffusion in and out of the seed and conferring mechanical resistance to the protrusion of embryo. Pretreatments, such as immersion in H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4 </sub>will soften the seed coat and permit germination. Seed dormancy in <em>S. obtusifolia </em>can be considered of physical nature and classified as physical dormancy. The results obtained in this study may serve as useful information in the production and improvement of <em>S. obtusifolia </em>seedlings, as knowledge on seed dormancy and germination is a critical factor and requirements to the understanding of the propagation of this plant either in situ or ex-situ, in view of the economic potentials/attributes of this species.</p>

scholarly journals Action of growth regulators on production of soybean cultivar Davis

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo R.C. Castro ◽  
Roberto S. Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Exogenous Growth ◽  
Soybean Plants

This research deals with the effects of exogenous growth regulators on production of soybean plant (Glycine max cv.. Davis) under greenhouse conditions, At the flower anthesis, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) 20 ppm was applied. Other two applications with TiBA, with intervals of four days, were realized. Before flowering, Agrostemin (1 g/10 ml/3 1), gibberellic acid (GA) 100 ppm, and (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) 2,000 ppm were applied. It was observed that CCC and TIBA reduced stem dry weight. Soybean plants treated with TIBA reduced weight of pods without seeds , seed number and seed weight.

Peanut Weed Control Systems Utilizing RE-408851

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Mueller ◽  
P. A. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Arachis Hypogea ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Better Than

Abstract RE-40885 (5-(methylamino)-2-phenyl-4-3-(trifluoromethyl phenyl)-3(2H)-furanone), a newly developed herbicide with soil and foliar activity, was evaluated for weed control in peanuts (Arachis hypogea L.). RE-40885 applied to the soil or foliage provided excellent Florida beggarweed (Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC.) and prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.) control at rates of 0.56 to 1.12 kg ai/ha. Sequential applications of RE-40885 were needed to achieve &gt; 90% sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L.) control. Texas panicum (Panicum texanum Buckl.) was not adequately controlled by any of the RE-40885 treatments evaluated. Peanuts were not injured by RE-40885 at any of the evaluated rates or application times. The combination of RE-40885 and 2,4-DB applied early postemergence improved sicklepod control 8 weeks after planting when compared to either RE-40885 or 2,4-DB applied alone. The combination of R E-40885 and alachlor applied at peanut emergence improved morningglory (Ipomoea spp.) control 8 weeks after planting and increased peanut yield when compared to either applied alone. All treatments containing RE-40885 resulted in peanut yields that were significantly better than nontreated weedy control plots.

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