Control of Purple Nutsedge by 2,4-D, Paraquat, and Dinoseb

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 520-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.C. Standifer
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.) plants from tubers uniformly planted in fumigated soil were treated with 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion), or dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4-6-dinitrophenol). Repeated applications were made as required on the 1972 and 1973 plantings for one growing season. Emerged plants and their parent tubers were killed by four (1972) or five (1973) applications of paraquat. Three applications of 2,4-D were required for control in 1972. In 1973, a single treatment of 2,4-D afforded almost complete control. Three applications of dinoseb were required in 1972, but five were required in 1973.

Enhancement of Herbicide Activity with an Isoparaffinic Oil Carrier

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Burr ◽  
G. F. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Ipomoea Hederacea ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Activity ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Several herbicides were tested in the greenhouse on ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq.), green foxtail (Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv.), purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.), and quackgrass (Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv.) to determine the degree of enhancement in activity that could be obtained with an isoparaffinic oil carrier applied at 140 L/ha. The enhancement varied with the herbicide and with the species, ranging from 16-fold enhancement with 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) and 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb) on ivyleaf morningglory to no enhancement of atrazine activity on purple nutsedge and quackgrass or (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) activity on quackgrass and ivyleaf morningglory. An oil adjuvant was less effective in enhancing dinoseb and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (linuron) activity than was the isoparaffinic oil carrier. Also, the isoparaffinic oil carrier emulsified in water was less effective than the undiluted oil in enhancing dinoseb activity on green foxtail, even though equal volumes of the isoparaffinic oil were applied.

An Oil Carrier for Increasing Purple Nutsedge Control

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Burr ◽  
G. F. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Purple nutsedge(Cyperus rotundusL.) control with (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (linuron) was increased in greenhouse and growth chamber studies by application of these herbicides in an undiluted isoparaffinic oil carrier rather than water. Two applications of 2,4-D at 2.2 kg/ha in the oil carrier inhibited tuber and shoot production and reduced the number of viable tubers present, but two applications of linuron at 0.6 or 2.2 kg/ha in the oil inhibited only shoot production from repotted tubers. Studies with labeled 2,4-D showed an increase in both rate and quantity of penetration of this herbicide into purple nutsedge when applied in oil rather than water. Labeled linuron was applied to purple nutsedge and to beans(Phaseolus vulgarisL. ‘Improved Tendergreen’) and also showed an increase in penetration with the oil rather than water. Translocation out of treated leaves was not increased for either 2,4-D or linuron by application in the oil carrier.

scholarly journals Rose (Rosa dilecta) Response to Simulated Herbicide Drift

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kassim Al-Khatib ◽  
Robert Parker ◽  
E. Patrick Fuerst
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Residue Analysis ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Visual Symptoms ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Herbicide Drift ◽  
Over The Top ◽  
Significant Injury

This study evaluated the response of rose to different herbicides applied as simulated drift. Chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]benzenesulfonamide}, thifensulfuron {3[[[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid}, bromoxynil(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), 2,4-D[(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine], and a combination of 2,4-D and glyphosate were applied over the top of established rose plants at 1/3, 1/10,1/33, and 1/100 of the maximum labeled rate for grains. All herbicides injured rose. The greatest injury was from chlorsulfuron and 2,4-D, and the least injury was from bromoxynil and glyphosate. Plants recovered from the injury caused by all treatments except for the highest rates of chlorsulfuron and 2,4-D, which continued to show significant injury at the end of the growing season. Although all herbicides had characteristic symptoms, some of these were very similar to those caused by other stresses. Therefore, because of the potential ambiguity of visual symptoms, any allegation about herbicide drift should be based on a report of all symptoms and should be supported by residue analysis.

The Response of Canada Thistle Ecotypes to 2,4-D, Amitrole, and Intensive Cultivation

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides ◽  
Physiological Differences ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Root sections of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) ecotypes from different states were field planted at Bozeman, Montana. Canada thistle survival from repeated applications of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D), and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (amitrole) was markedly different. Ecotypes varied less markedly to cultivation although they differed significantly. Resistance of ecotypes to cultivation seemed related to adaptation to site while resistance to herbicides apparently was related to inherent physiological differences as well as to differences in adaptation.

Purple Nutsedge Control by Bentazon and Perfluidone in Turfgrasses

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Stenotaphrum Secundatum ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Common Bermudagrass

Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted on bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)one 2,2-dioxide] at 2.2 and 4.4 kg/ha and perfluidone {1,1,1-trifluoro-N-[2-methyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl) phenyl] methanesulfonamide} at 4.5 and 9.0 kg/ha for purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.) control and tolerance of five turfgrasses. A single application of each herbicide was applied to purple nutsedge, but single and repeated applications were applied to turfgrasses. Purple nutsedge control during the initial year of treatment was 98 to 100% when bentazon was applied in late spring, but the control was only 28 to 68% when applied in mid or late summer. Perfluidone controlled 76 to 87% of purple nutsedge when applied in late spring and 95 to 100% when applied in late summer. Bentazon treatments generally did not cause turf injury. In the field, perfluidone treatments injured St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum(Walt.) Kuntze], zoysia grass (Zoysia japonica×Z. teniuflolia‘Emerald’), centipedegrass [Erenoehloa ophiuroides(Munro) Hack.], and common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers.]. ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass was generally tolerant to perfluidone treatments. In the greenhouse, perfluidone reduced the root growth of all turfgrasses except centipedegrass when compared with untreated checks.

Honeyvine Milkweed (Ampelamus albidus) Response to Foliar Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 730-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren J. Moshier ◽  
Oliver G. Russ ◽  
Joseph P. O'Connor ◽  
Mark M. Claassen
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

A 3-yr experiment and a 1-yr experiment in continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Newton’) and two 3-yr experiments in continuous grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolorL. (Moench.) ‘Co-op SG-10’ or ‘DeKalb DX-42Y’] were conducted to evaluate selected foliage-applied herbicides for control of honeyvine milkweed [Ampelamus albidus(Nutt.) Britt # AMPAL]. Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine] applied at 3.4 kg ae/ha, glyphosate plus dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) applied at 1.7 plus 0.6 kg ae/ha, and glyphosate plus 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] applied at 1.7 plus 1.1 kg ae/ha in summer between harvesting and planting winter wheat and in spring prior to planting grain sorghum effectively reduced honeyvine milkweed regrowth 1 yr after initial application in both cropping systems. One or two additional annual applications did not provide complete control in either cropping system. Applications of 2,4-D at 2.2 kg ae/ha dicamba at 1.1 kg ae/ha and 2,4-D plus dicamba at 1.1 plus 0.6 kg ae/ha were effective if applied consecutively for 3 yr in continuous winter wheat but not in continuous grain sorghum.

Effect of AMA on Synthesis and Utilization of Food Reserves in Purple Nutsedge

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Duble ◽  
E. C. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Tracer Studies ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Tracer Techniques ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Food Reserves

Chemical analyses for carbohydrates, fats, and protein and C14O2 tracer techniques were employed to study the influence of repeated applications of amine methylarsonate (hereinafter referred to as AMA) on food reserves in purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.). Purple nutsedge plants were grown under greenhouse conditions and treated at 3-week intervals with an aqueous solution of AMA. Chemical analyses suggested that repeated applications of AMA accelerated starch hydrolysis in tubers but had little effect on the fat and protein content. The disappearance of starch was correlated with an increase in the arsenic (hereinafter referred to as As) content of tubers following repeated applications. In leaf tissue, applications of AMA significantly reduced the sugar content and increased the protein content. Tracer studies on the rate of C14O2 fixation and evolution suggested that, in general, AMA-treated plants had a higher rate of utilization of the products of photosynthesis than untreated plants. Apparently, the carbohydrate fraction of food reserves was utilized in preference to fats and protein.

Response of Purple Nutsedge to Repeated Applications of Glyphosate

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard H. Zandstra ◽  
Chris K. H. Teo ◽  
Roy K. Nishimoto
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Repeated Applications

Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.) plants were treated in the greenhouse and field with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine]. Fresh weight of leaves, sprouts per original tuber, and sprouts per new tuber were reduced by 4 kg/ha glyphosate in the greenhouse. In the field, glyphosate at 2 and 4 kg/ha was compared to several herbicides for nutsedge control in repeated applications over an 8-month period. After several applications, glyphosate reduced the number of plants per unit area. After rotovation (working the soil thoroughly to a depth of 15 cm) and reapplication, glyphosate and MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate) plots had fewer plants and tubers per unit area than controls.

Glyphosate for Weed Control in Dormant Bermudagrass

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Winter Annuals ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

The control of winter annuals in dormant bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. ‘Common’] has not been consistent with available herbicides. Experiments were conducted to evaluate rates and number of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] applications for control of winter annuals growing in dormant bermudagrass. Glyphosate applied as a single treatment at 0.6 kg/ha consistently controlled more parsley-piert (Alchemilla microcorpaBoissier Reuter), corn speedwell (Veronica arvensisL.), and henbit (Lamium amplexicauleL.) than paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) or combination treatments of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid) + mecoprop 2[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy] propionic acid + dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid). There was no difference between glyphosate and paraquat control of annual bluegrass (Poa annuaL.) and common chickweed [Stellaria media(L.) Cyrillo]. Glyphosate treatments did not injure the bermudagrass the following spring.

Anatomy of Purple Nutsedge

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Wills ◽  
George Ann Briscoe
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Outer Cortex ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Photosynthetic Cells

Purple nutsedge(Cyperus rotundus L.)develops as a series of shoots connected by bulbs, rhizomes, and tubers. The leaves contain parallel, collateral vascular bundles with the majority of the photosynthetic cells concentrated in the sheathing girdle around each bundle. The upper leaf surface consists of a single layer of large epidermal cells covered by a thick cuticle. Stomates occur only in the lower surface. The vascular bundles vary from collateral to amphivasal as they pass from the leaves through the bulb into the rhizomes and tubers. Newly developing rhizomes and tubers appear white and fleshy with a parenchymatous epidermis and cortex. Mature rhizomes appear brown and wiry with a deteriorated outer cortex and a lignified inner cortext and endodermis. Tubers and bulbs form similarly at the rhizome apices with each accumulating starch. The interconnecting vascular system appears to remain intact throughout the growing season.

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