Honeyvine Milkweed (Ampelamus albidus) Response to Foliar Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 730-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren J. Moshier ◽  
Oliver G. Russ ◽  
Joseph P. O'Connor ◽  
Mark M. Claassen
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

A 3-yr experiment and a 1-yr experiment in continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Newton’) and two 3-yr experiments in continuous grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolorL. (Moench.) ‘Co-op SG-10’ or ‘DeKalb DX-42Y’] were conducted to evaluate selected foliage-applied herbicides for control of honeyvine milkweed [Ampelamus albidus(Nutt.) Britt # AMPAL]. Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine] applied at 3.4 kg ae/ha, glyphosate plus dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) applied at 1.7 plus 0.6 kg ae/ha, and glyphosate plus 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] applied at 1.7 plus 1.1 kg ae/ha in summer between harvesting and planting winter wheat and in spring prior to planting grain sorghum effectively reduced honeyvine milkweed regrowth 1 yr after initial application in both cropping systems. One or two additional annual applications did not provide complete control in either cropping system. Applications of 2,4-D at 2.2 kg ae/ha dicamba at 1.1 kg ae/ha and 2,4-D plus dicamba at 1.1 plus 0.6 kg ae/ha were effective if applied consecutively for 3 yr in continuous winter wheat but not in continuous grain sorghum.

Competition of Blue Mustard with Winter Wheat

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Swan
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Total Loss ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Weed Population ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Gaines) plots infested with seedling blue mustard (Chorispora tenella (Willd.) DC) were hand-weeded or treated in the fall with 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (diuron) at 1 lb/A and 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (bromoxynil) at ⅜ lb/A. Additional wheat plots were established in the fall with populations of one, three, and nine blue mustard seedlings per square foot, and the next spring these were either untreated, hand-weeded, or treated with (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) at 1 lb/A. All plots were harvested in July. Maximum wheat yields were obtained from plots hand-weeded or treated in the fall. Wheat production decreased significantly as weed population increased. Grain yield reduction, resulting from weed competition during the winter months, was significant and accounted for more than 50% of the total loss.

Response of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) to Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail A. Wicks ◽  
Paul T. Nordquist ◽  
John W. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Twenty-five winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) cultivars were sprayed with herbicides when in the tillering stage in April at North Platte, NE. In 1978, ‘Lindon’ and ‘Vona’ stands were reduced and grain yields of ‘Larned′, Lindon, ‘Roughrider′, 'Sage′, 'Scout 66′, 'Sentinel′, ‘Turkey′, and Vona cultivars were reduced by metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] plus pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] at 0.3 plus 2.8 kg ai/ha. There were no differences among cultivars in response to herbicides in 1979, 1981, and 1982. During 1980, wheat was more tolerant to a mixture of pendimethalin and 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] than metribuzin plus pendimethalin. In 1981 and 1982, combinations of 2,4-D with pendimethalin or metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] did not reduce wheat yields. The mixture of pendimethalin plus 2,4-D performed satisfactorily in 4 yr of use.

Early Application of Herbicides for No-Till Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Stubble

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 713-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail A. Wicks
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Early Application ◽  
No Till ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Research on the timing of herbicide application on no-till sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench.] planted into undisturbed winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) stubble was conducted at North Platte, NE, during 1980–1982. Applying some herbicides 41 and 25 days prior to planting sorghum maintained weed control, reduced sorghum injury, and increased sorghum yields when compared to application at planting. It was necessary to apply cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropanenitrile} at 2.7 kg ai/ha 41 days prior to planting to avoid sorghum injury. Metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] + 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 2.2 + 0.3 kg/ha reduced grass yields 97, 98, and 99%, while reduction with alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] + 2,4-D at 2.8 + 0.3 kg/ha was 93, 41, and 63%, respectively, when herbicides were applied 0, 25, and 41 days prior to planting.

The Effect of Frost on the Response of Spring Wheat to 2,4-D

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. K. Bradbury ◽  
R. Ashford
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Great Risk ◽  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

The possibility of an interaction between (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) and frost-injured plants of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Manitou) was investigated. Application of 2,4-D was made either a few hours prior to the frost or at varying periods following the frost. Although there was no statistical evidence of any interaction between the frost and 2,4-D, yields of grain tended to be lowest when plants were exposed to both frost and herbicide. On the basis of results obtained, it was concluded that there is no great risk of severe damage occurring to frost-damaged spring wheat plants if they are treated with 2,4-D within a short period of being exposed to frost.

Control of Purple Nutsedge by 2,4-D, Paraquat, and Dinoseb

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 520-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.C. Standifer
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.) plants from tubers uniformly planted in fumigated soil were treated with 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion), or dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4-6-dinitrophenol). Repeated applications were made as required on the 1972 and 1973 plantings for one growing season. Emerged plants and their parent tubers were killed by four (1972) or five (1973) applications of paraquat. Three applications of 2,4-D were required for control in 1972. In 1973, a single treatment of 2,4-D afforded almost complete control. Three applications of dinoseb were required in 1972, but five were required in 1973.

scholarly journals Soil nitrate accumulation and leaching in conventional, optimized and organic cropping systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
Wang Dapeng ◽  
Zheng Liang ◽  
Gu Songdong ◽  
Shi Yuefeng ◽  
Liang Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Grain Yields

Excessive nitrogen (N) and water input, which are threatening the sustainability of conventional agriculture in the North China Plain (NCP), can lead to serious leaching of nitrate-N (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>-N). This study evaluates grain yield, N and water consumption, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>-N accumulation and leaching in conventional and two optimized winter wheat-summer maize double-cropping systems and an organic alfalfa-winter wheat cropping system. The results showed that compared to the conventional cropping system, the optimized systems could reduce N, water consumption and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>-N leaching by 33, 35 and 67–74%, respectively, while producing nearly identical grain yields. In optimized systems, soil NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>-N accumulation within the root zone was about 80 kg N/ha most of the time. In the organic system, N input, water consumption and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>-N leaching was reduced even more (by 71, 43 and 92%, respectively, compared to the conventional system). However, grain yield also declined by 46%. In the organic system, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>-N accumulation within the root zone was generally less than 30 kg N/ha. The optimized systems showed a considerable potential to reduce N and water consumption and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>-N leaching while maintaining high grain yields, and thus should be considered for sustainable agricultural development in the NCP.  

Influence of Soil Type and Depth of Planting on Downy Brome Seed

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Wicks ◽  
O. C. Burnside ◽  
C. R. Fenster
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Moldboard Plow

Downy brome (Bromus tectorumL.) seedling emergence was greatest from soil depths of 1 inch or less, but occasionally seedlings emerged from depths of 4 inches. Downy brome seed covered by soil germinated more rapidly than those seed on the soil surface. More downy brome seedlings emerged, and from greater depths, from coarse-textured soils than fine-textured soils when moisture was not limiting. Soil type did not influence longevity of downy brome seed buried in the soil. Most (98%) 8-month-old downy brome seed buried 8 inches in the soil germinated but did not emerge in 1 year; and none remained viable in the soil after 5 years. The moldboard plow was more effective in reducing downy brome populations than a sweep plow or one-way disk in a continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) cropping system.

scholarly journals AGROECOSYSTEMS TO DECREASE DIFFUSE NITROGEN POLLUTION IN NORTHERN LITHUANIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Masilionytė ◽  
Stanislava Maikštėnienė ◽  
Aleksandras Velykis ◽  
Antanas Satkus
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Catch Crop ◽  
Catch Crops ◽  
Straw Decomposition

The paper presents the research conducted at the Joniškėlis Experimental Station of the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry on a clay loam Gleyic Cambisol during the period of 2006–2010. The research investigated the changes of mineral nitrogen in soil growing catch crops during the winter wheat post-harvest period and incorporating their biomass into the soil for green manure. Green manure implications for environmental sustainability were assessed. The studies were carried out in the soil with a low (1.90–2.00%) and moderate (2.10–2.40%) humus content in organic and sustainable cropping systems. The crop rotation, expanded in time and space, consisted of red clover (Trifolium pretense L.) → winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) → field pea (Pisum sativum L.) → spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with undersown red clover. Investigations of mineral nitrogen migration were assessed in the crop rotation sequence: winter wheat + catch crops → field pea. Higher organic matter and nitrogen content in the biomass of catch crops were accumulated when Brassisaceae (white mustard, Sinapis alba L.) was grown in a mixture with buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) or as a sole crop, compared with oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus var. Oleiferus Metzg.) grown with the long-day legume plants blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.). Mineral nitrogen concentration in soil depended on soil humus status, cropping system and catch crop characteristics. In late autumn there was significantly higher mineral nitrogen concentration in the soil with moderate humus content, compared with soil with low humus content. The lowest mineral nitrogen concentration in late autumn in the 0–40 cm soil layer and lower risk of leaching into deeper layers was measured using organic cropping systems with catch crops. The highest mineral nitrogen concentration was recorded in the sustainable cropping system when mineral nitrogen fertilizer (N30) was applied for winter wheat straw decomposition. In the organic cropping system, the incorporation of catch crop biomass into soil resulted in higher mineral nitrogen reserves in soil in spring than in the sustainable cropping system, (mineral nitrogen fertilizer (N30) applied for straw decomposition in autumn and no catch crop grown). Applying organic cropping systems with catch crops is an efficient tool to promote environmental sustainability.

Nitrogen loss by surface runoff from different cropping systems

Soil Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jiao ◽  
D. Xu ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
K. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Total N ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Summer Fallow

Reducing nitrogen (N) loss from agricultural soils as surface runoff is essential to prevent surface water contamination. The objective of 3-year study, 2007–09, was to evaluate surface runoff and N loss from different cropping systems. There were four treatments, including one single-crop cropping system with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) followed by summer fallow (wheat/fallow), and three double-cropping systems: winter wheat/corn (Zea mays L.), wheat/cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and wheat/soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill). The wheat/fallow received no fertiliser in the summer fallow period. The four cropping systems were randomly assigned to 12 plots of 5 m by 2 m on a silty clay soil. Lower runoff was found in the three double-cropping systems than the wheat/fallow, with the lowest runoff from the wheat/soybean. The three double-cropping systems also substantially reduced losses of ammonium-N (NH4+-N), nitrate-N (NO3–-N), dissolved N (DN), and total N (TN) compared with the wheat/fallow. Among the three double-cropping systems, the highest losses of NO3–-N, DN, and TN were from the wheat/cotton, and the lowest losses were from the wheat/soybean. However, the wheat/soybean increased NO3–-N and DN concentrations compared with wheat/fallow. The losses in peak events accounted for >64% for NH4+-N, 58% for NO3–-N, and 41% for DN of the total losses occurring during the 3-year experimental period, suggesting that peak N-loss events should be focussed on for the control of N loss as surface runoff from agricultural fields.

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