Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) extract as carrot growth and production inducer

There is evidence that the purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) aqueous extract can induce the plants rooting due to the high auxin concentrations. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of application seasons and concentrations of purple nutsedge aqueous extract application on the growth and production of carrot, cultivar Brasília. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme in two seasons of the extract application (25 and 50 days after sowing) and five concentrations of (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%) with four replicates. Harvesting was carried out at 90 days after sowing, being evaluated the following morphological parameters: root diameter (cm); root fresh mass (g plant-1); plant height (cm); aerial part fresh mass (g plant-1); root dry mass (g plant-1); aerial part dry mass (g plant-1); plant dry mass (g plant-1); ratio between root dry mass and aerial part dry mass; root length (cm); commercial productivity (t ha-1); defective root mass (t ha-1); total productivity (t ha-1); commercial yield (roots kg-1); and root classification by length. The extract application at 50th day was more efficient for the root diameter (3.37 cm); fresh root mass (120.7 g plant-1); root length (15.4 cm); commercial productivity (68.2 t ha-1); total productivity (73.6 t ha-1); and commercial roots (8.8 roots kg-1). Root classification by length showed a higher percentage in the 14 cm classification range. The parameters did not present significant differences in both seasons, at 25th and 50th days, respectively, for root dry mass (12.0 and 12.8 g plant-1), ratio between dry mass of roots and aerial part (1.66 and 1.57), and defective root mass (1.3 and 1.5 t ha-1).

Chemical management of Cyperus rotundus L. and other weeds at sugarcane in PSS system

Among the main weeds with difficult to control in the sugarcane fields can be cited purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.). This specie was observed in the seed bank in sugarcane fields harvested with or without burning. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of herbicides in pre-sprouted seedlings (PSS) of sugarcane in the control of C. rotundus and other weeds. The work was carried out in the field, in a randomized complete block design, and four replications. The treatments corresponded to the herbicides applied in pre-planting: sulfentrazone (800 g a.i. ha-1), diclosulam (193.17 g a.i. ha-1), imazapic (133 g a.i. ha-1) and imazapyr (500 g a.e. ha-1); post-planting: halosulfuron (112.5 g a.i. ha-1), ethoxysulfuron (135 g a.i. ha-1), MSMA (1,975 g a.i. ha-1) and 2,4-D (1,340 g a.e. ha-1); besides a control treatment weeding and another without weeding. The symptoms of injury on sugarcane plants, percentage of weed control, variables related to agronomic performance of sugarcane, and yield were evaluated. The herbicides diclosulam, imazapic, and imazapyr caused serious damage to the crop. The halosulfuron, ethoxysulfuron, MSMA, and 2,4-D did not cause symptoms of injury to sugarcane, however, the treatments had a reduced yield due to the low weed control. The sulfentrazone treatment obtained the second highest yield but with effective weed control (>70%) up to 45 days after planting. The best controls were obtained with pre-planting treatments; however, herbicide positioning studies should be performed in relation to PSS.

Tomato tolerance and purple nutsedge control with sulfuryl fluoride mixes

Sulfuryl fluoride (SF) is currently utilized as a fumigant for control of drywood termites and insects in building structures, vehicles, wood products, post-harvest commodities, and food processing facilities. This research investigated the feasibility of using SF as a preplant soil fumigant for Purple nutsedge control in plastic-mulched tomato production. SF treatments included SF injected through drip tapes or SF injected through drip tapes a few hours following shank injection of chloropicrin (Pic). Results revealed that SF alone at 224, 336, or 448 kg ha−1 was generally less effective compared to when it was applied in conjunction with Pic at 168 kg ha−1. SF alone provided inconsistent control of purple nutsedge. In contrast, SF plus chloropicrin (Pic) (SF + Pic) was as efficacious or more efficacious on purple nutsedge than the industry standards including 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) plus Pic (1,3-D + Pic) and metam potassium. None of the fumigant treatments visually injured tomato plants, stunted growth, or adversely affected tomato yield. In one of the four tomato seasons, tomato plants growing in plots fumigated with SF + Pic resulted in taller tomato plants and higher markable yields. Results indicate that soil fumigation with SF + Pic is safe on plastic-mulched tomato and effectively controls purple nutsedge.

COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF PURPLE NUTSEDGE ALLELOPATHY AND OTHER METHODS ON WEED MANAGEMENT IN BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)

This research was made for the comparison of the effects of purple nutsedge allelopathy and other methods on the weed management in barely at Students’ Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam for weed as well as barely parameters having eight treatments with three replications. The data revealed that maximum weed number (45.6 m-2), weed fresh weight (20.6 g m-2), weed dry weight (6.3 g m-2) was observed under T1= No weeding (control). However, the maximum weed control (91.3%) was recorded under T7= Puma super 75 EW at 0.625 L ha-1, 50 reduced (30 DAS) + Purple nutsedge water extract at 15 L ha-1 (45 DAS). The barley crop results revealed that maximum tillers (355.6 m-2), plant height (106.3 cm), spike length (11.5 cm), grains spike-2 (47.3), seed index (51 g), biological yield (11737 kg ha-1), grain yield (4493 kg ha-1) and harvest index (41.9%) was recorded under T7= Puma super 75 EW at 0.625 L ha-1 50 % reduced (30 DAS) + Purple nutsedge water extract at 15 L ha-1 (45 DAS). Hence, current results manifested that proper application of puma super 75 EW at 0.625 L ha-1 50 % reduced (30 DAS) + Purple nutsedge water extract at 15 L ha-1 (50 DAS) produce maximum growth and yield parameters of barley crop. So, it was suggested that application of puma super 75 EW at 0.625 L ha-1, 50 % reduced (30 DAS) + Purple nutsedge water extract at 15 L ha-1 (45 DAS) apply for getting higher yield (4493 kg ha-1) of barley crop. It was finalized that this study will be very fruitful for the future progress of barley production.

Phytoremediation Of Crude Oil Impacted Soil Using Purple Nutsedge

The present study investigated the viability of purple nutsedge in the phytoremediation of a crude oilcontaminated land in the Kom-Kom community, Oyigbo, Rivers state, Nigeria. 150g of soil samples were randomly collected from two (2) different points on the polluted site and a control site and analyzed for Petroleum Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) and Heavy metals ( Pb, Cd, Cr & Ni). in soils and plants before and after phytoremediation. Plants were transplanted into the contaminated and contaminated soil after soil sample collection.After planting,the progress of plant growth was observed and recorded biweekly for 3 months before harvesting. From the results obtained, over 80% and 66% PAHs and TPHs phytodegradation efficiencies were achieved using the plant while Cd, Pb and Cr were removed by 90%, 67% and 39.2% respectively. The Bioaccumulation Factor (B.F) of the heavymetals in study plant were found to be greated than 1 which makes it suitable for phytoextraction of heavy metals. Therefore, the study suggests that purple nutsedge can be useful in the phytoremediation of a crudeoil polluted soil. Keywords: Hydrocarbons, Heavy metals, Phytoremediation, Crude oil, Purple nutsedge

Interference of weeds on Barbados gooseberry initial development

ABSTRACT The Barbados gooseberry crop has agricultural potential, but little information is available regarding cropping practices. More information on weed interference in Barbados gooseberry will support growers to take weed management decisions. The objective of this work was to study initial growth and development of Barbados gooseberry under the interference of weeds. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with five treatments, composed of Barbados gooseberry in competition with four weed species: slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis), hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa), Benghal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis), purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus), and a weed-free control, with six replicates. Weed competition led to a decrease in growth and development of Barbados gooseberry reflected in a reduction of up to 40% in yield and 23% in protein content. Additional work must be conducted evaluating these findings under field conditions, using different seedling production and planting techniques potentially affecting these results.