Evaluation ofAlternaria macrosporaas a Potential Biocontrol Agent for Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata): Host Range Studies

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 612-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Walker ◽  
G. L. Sciumbato
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Hibiscus Trionum ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Specialized Form ◽  
Hibiscus Esculentus ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Anoda Cristata

The host range of an isolate of the fungal pathogenAlternaria macrosporaZimmerman from infected spurred anoda [Anoda cristata(L.) Schlecht.] leaves was studied in the greenhouse and growth chamber. The fungus was inoculated to representative plants in the Malvaceae, Solanaceae, Leguminosae, and Gramineae families. Evidence of infection was limited to plants in the Malvaceae, with spurred anoda being the most susceptible species tested. Only negligible damage was incited on cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Stoneville 213′) and long staple cotton (G. barbadenseL. ‘Pima S–5′), hollyhock [Althaea rosea(L.) Cav.], okra (Hibiscus esculentusL. ‘Clemson spineless’), prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.), and Venice mallow (Hibiscus trionumL.). Disease symptoms induced in cotton by the spurred anoda isolate ofA. macrosporawere much less severe than those reported for other isolates of the fungus. Therefore, the spurred anoda isolate may be a specialized form of the fungus.

Fusarium lateritium: A Pathogen of Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata), Prickly Sida (Sida spinosa), and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lynn Walker
Keyword(s):  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Fusarium Lateritium ◽  
Hibiscus Trionum ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Stem Lesions ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Anoda Cristata

An isolate ofFusarium lateritium(Nees) emend. Snyder and Hansen was associated with naturally occurring disease of spurred anoda [Anoda cristata(L.) Schlecht.] and prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.) plants. In greenhouse inoculation studies, theFusariumisolate was pathogenic to healthy spurred anoda and prickly sida plants. The disease symptoms were characterized by leaf, stem, and root lesions. The stem lesions enlarged with time and formed cankers that often girdled the stems and killed inoculated plants. In host-range studies, velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.), Venice mallow (Hibiscus trionumL.), okra [Abelmoschus esculentus(L.) Moench], and hollyhock [Althaea rosea(L.) Cav.] were also susceptible to the pathogen. This is the first report of these six species as hosts for this pathogen. Corn (Zea maysL.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. andG. barbadenseL.), soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.], and 18 other representative crop and weed species in eight families were resistant to the pathogen.F. lateritiummay be a useful biological herbicide for susceptible malvaceous weeds.

Competition of Spurred Anoda, Velvetleaf, Prickly Sida, and Venice Mallow in Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Hibiscus Trionum ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Competition Period ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Anoda Cristata

Spurred anoda [Anoda cristata(L.) Schlecht.], velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic), prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.) and Venice mallow (Hibiscus trionumL.) competition in cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Stoneville 213′) was studied during 1973 and 1974. Cotton height was reduced by full-season competition of all species at a density greater than 32 plants/12 m of crop row. Full-season cotton competition reduced the dry matter production of velvetleaf, spurred anoda, prickly sida, and Venice mallow at weed densities less than 8, 16, 32, or 64 plants/12 m of crop row, respectively. Full-season competition resulted in seed cotton yield reductions by spurred anoda, velvetleaf, and prickly sida at 8, 16, and 64, plants/12 m of crop row, respectively. Competition from 2 weeks after cotton emergence until harvest by spurred anoda at 16 plants/12 m, and velvetleaf or prickly sida at 64 plants/12 m, reduced yields. Spurred anoda, velvetleaf, or prickly sida competition 4 to 6 weeks after cotton emergence until harvest did not reduce the seed cotton yields. Venice mallow competition did not reduce yields at any density or competition period.

scholarly journals Field Host Range ofApanteles opuntiarum(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Argentina, a Potential Biocontrol Agent ofCactoblastis cactorum(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in North America

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 803-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Varone ◽  
Guillermo Logarzo ◽  
Juan José Martínez ◽  
Fernando Navarro ◽  
James E. Carpenter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

Weed management in bromoxynil-resistantGossypium hirsutum

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 596-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary D. Paulsgrove ◽  
John W. Wilcut
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Cassia Occidentalis ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Anoda Cristata

An experiment was conducted at two locations in Georgia and two locations in North Carolina during 1994 and 1995 to evaluate weed management in conventional-tillage bromoxynil-resistantGossypium hirsutumL. (cotton). The weed management systems evaluated included different combinations of fluometuron preemergence (PRE), bromoxynil or bromoxynil plus MSMA early postemergence (EPOST), bromoxynil postemergence (POST), and cyanazine plus MSMA late post-directed (LAYBY). Fluometuron PRE improved control ofAcanthospermum hisptdiumDC. (bristly starbur),Cassia occidentalisL. (coffee senna),Chenopodium albumL. (common lambsquarters),Desmodium tortuosum(Sw.) DC. (Florida beggarweed),Sida spinosaL. (prickly sida),Jacquemontia tamnifolia(L.) Griseb. (smallflower morningglory), andAnoda cristata(L.) Schlecht. (spurred anoda), compared to system that did not use fluometuron PRE. It also improvedG. hirsutumyields at three four locations. Bromoxynil-containing systems provided better weed control and higherG. hirsutumyields than systems without bromoxynil. Bromoxynil EPOST controlledA. hispidium, C. occidentalis, C. album, D. tortuosum, S. spinosa, J. tamnifolia, andA. cristata.Control of these species was frequently improved by a second application of bromoxynil POST. Bromoxynil EPOST, POST, or EPOST plus POST did not controlSenna obtusifolia(L.) Irwin and Barneby (sicklepod), but the addition of MSMA to bromoxynil EPOST improvedS. obtusifoliacontrol. Control of all dicotyledonous weeds was improved by a LAYBY treatment of cyanazine plus MSMA, and yields were improved at three of four locations with this treatment.Gossypium hirsutumwas not injured by POST treatments of bromoxynil, and only temporary injury resulted from POST treatments of MSMA.

Imazethapyr for Broadleaf Weed Control in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
F. Robert Walls ◽  
David N. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Pyridine Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Eclipta Prostrata ◽  
Pyridine Carboxylic ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Anoda Cristata

Abstract Field experiments were conducted at the Tidewater Agric. Exp. Station, Suffolk, VA in 1988 and 1989 to evaluate imazethapyr [(±)-2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethyl-3-pyridine-carboxylic acid]for broadleaf weed control in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). Imazethapyr was applied preplant-incorporated (PPI), preemergence (PRE), at ground-cracking (GC), and postemergence (POT) at rates of 0.036, 0.071, or 0.105 kg ai ha-1. Several sequential imazathapyr systems were also included. The standard of pendimethalin (N-ethylpropyl)-3, 4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine) PPI, metolachlor(2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide) PRE, and acifluorfen (5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid) plus bentazon (3-(1-methyethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2, 2-dioxide) POT was included for comparative purposes. Imazethapyr applied either PPI or PRE at 0.071 or 0.105 kg ha-1 provided <90% spurred anoda (Anoda cristata (L.) Schlecht.), control and <96% prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.), control. Eclipta (Eclipta prostrata L.) control was 95% when imazathapyr was applied PRE at 0.105 kg ha-1. Greater than 90% annual morningglory (Ipomoea spp.) control was only achieved with imazethapyr applied PPI or PRE at 0.105 kg ha-1. The standard provided complete control of eclipta, and 51%, 92%, and 94% control of spurred anoda (Anoda cristata (L.) Schlecht.), prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.), and annual morningglories, respectively. Several imazethapyr systems yielded equivalent to the standard. Averaged across all rates, imazathapyr applied PPI yielded 4110 kg ha-1, PRE = 3860 kg ha-1, GC = 3680 kg ha-1, and POT = 3370 kg ha-1. Several imazethapyr systems provided net returns equivalent to the standard. Corn grown the following year was not injured by any imazethapyr treatment to peanuts the previous year.

scholarly journals Dyella-Like Bacterium Isolated from an Insect as a Potential Biocontrol Agent Against Grapevine Yellows

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilach Iasur-Kruh ◽  
Tirtza Zahavi ◽  
Roni Barkai ◽  
Shiri Freilich ◽  
Einat Zchori-Fein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Grapevine Yellows ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent

Yellows diseases, caused by phytopathogenic bacteria of the genus Phytoplasma, are a major threat to grapevines worldwide. Because conventional applications against this pathogen are inefficient and disease management is highly challenging, the use of beneficial bacteria has been suggested as a biocontrol solution. A Dyella-like bacterium (DLB), isolated from the Israeli insect vector of grapevine yellows (Hyalesthes obsoletus), was suggested to be an endophyte. To test this hypothesis, the bacterium was introduced by spraying the plant leaves, and it had no apparent phytotoxicity to grapevine. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis showed that DLB is colonizing grapevine phloem. Because phytoplasmas inhabit the same niche, DLB interactions with this phytopathogen were examined. When the isolate was introduced to phytoplasma-infected Chardonnay plantlets, morphological disease symptoms were markedly reduced. The mode of DLB action was then tested using bioinformatics and system biology tools. DLB genome analysis suggested that the ability to reduce phytoplasma symptoms is related to inhibition of the pathogenic bacterium. These results provide the first step in examining the potential of DLB as a biological control agent against phytoplasmas in grapevine and, possibly, other agricultural crops.

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