Mechanical, Cultural, and Chemical Control of Weeds in a Sorghum-Soybean(Sorghum bicolor)–(Glycine max)Rotation

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Polygonum Pensylvanicum

A crop rotation of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] and soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] with various weed control treatments was conducted from 1968 to 1975 at Lincoln, Nebraska, in order to improve weed control in these two crops. Poor weed control during one growing season increased weed growth and decreased yields of succeeding crops. Trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) at 1.1 kg/ha on soybeans showed greater soil carryover toxicity to sorghum planted 12 months later than did atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] at 3.4 kg/ha on sorghum to subsequently planted soybeans. Under this crop rotation green foxtail [Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv.], tall waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatos(Moq.) J. Sauer], and large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop.] decreased; whereas, velvetleaf(Abutilon theophrastiMedic), sunflower(Helianthus annuusL.), and Pennsylvania smartweed(Polygonum pensylvanicumL.) increased. Germinating weed seedlings from soil samples were greater in weedy check plots during the final years of the crop rotation due to a buildup of seed from those species that increased. Handweeding, herbicides, and plowing reduced weed populations, weed competition, and increased sorghum and soybean yields.

Preplant Weed Control in a Ridge-Till Soybean (Glycine max) and Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Rotation

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Regehr ◽  
Keith A. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Dry Down ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Research in Kansas from 1983 to 1986 evaluated early preplant (30 to 45 days) and late preplant (10 to 14 days) herbicide treatments for weed control before ridge-till planting in a soybean and sorghum rotation. Control of fall panicum and common lambsquarters at planting time averaged at least 95% for all early preplant and 92% for late preplant treatments. Where no preplant treatment was used, heavy weed growth in spring delayed soil dry-down, which resulted in poor ridge-till planting conditions and reduced plant stands, and ultimately reduced sorghum grain yields by 24% and soybean yields by 12%. Horsenettle population declined significantly, and honeyvine milkweed population increased. Smooth groundcherry populations fluctuated from year to year with no overall change.

Weed Control in Soybeans with Postemergence-Directed Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Wilson ◽  
O. C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Mechanical Removal ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Greenhouse studies showed that common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr.), green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.) were selectively controlled with postemergence herbicides in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Ford’). In the field the control of velvetleaf in soybeans was obtained by applying a postemergence-directed herbicide when soybeans were 15 cm tall and had the second trifoliolate leaf present. Postemergence-directed herbicides did not adequately control grass weeds. It was necessary to use a preplant or preemergence herbicide for grass control. Mechanical removal of lower leaves of soybean plants grown in the greenhouse significantly decreased yield. However, with field-grown ‘Amsoy’ soybeans mechanical removal of cotyledons, unifoliolate, and the first trifoliolate leaves did not reduce yield.

Effect of Duration of Green Foxtail (Setaria viridis) Competition on Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Yield

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Wall ◽  
George H. Friesen
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Marketable Tuber ◽  
Green Foxtail

The effects of different periods of green foxtail competition on the components of potato yield were investigated. Delaying the removal of green foxtail for 2 wk following crop emergence reduced total and marketable tuber yield by 19 and 29%, respectively, when averaged over 2 yr. Similarly, the number and average weight of marketable tubers were reduced by 24 and 6%, respectively. The proportion of unmarketable tubers comprising the total yield increased as the duration of weed competition was increased. Successively longer periods of green foxtail competition further decreased the measured parameters.

Interference and Control of Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and Southern Sandbur (Cenchrus echinatus) in Forage Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Walker ◽  
Glenn Wehtje ◽  
John S. Richburg
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Competitive Species ◽  
And Control ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Field experiments were conducted at two locations in central Alabama to evaluate competitiveness of large crabgrass and southern sandbur with ‘Tifton 78’ hybrid bermudagrass as influenced by diuron application and sprigging rate. Large crabgrass was the more competitive species. In late season, bermudagrass ground cover with no weed competition was 96% compared with 72 and 81% where large crabgrass and southern sandbur, respectively, were present. Similarly, large crabgrass and southern sandbur reduced the proportion of bermudagrass in the cumulative harvested forage by at least 59 and 38%, respectively. Application of diuron preemergence (PRE) at 1.1 kg ai/ha was more effective than postemergence (POST) application, both in terms of weed control and bermudagrass safety. With diuron applied PRE, large crabgrass and southern sandbur reduced the proportion of bermudagrass in the harvested forage only 32 and 25%, respectively. Increasing bermudagrass sprigging rate was beneficial for weed control but of relatively minor importance compared with diuron PRE.

Interrelations of Tillage and Weed Control for Soybean (Glycine max) Production

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 830-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Webber ◽  
Harold D. Kerr ◽  
Maurice R. Gebhardt
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Soybean Plants

A 3-yr (1982, 1983, and 1984) study was conducted to determine the relationship between tillage and six weed control treatments for soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Williams 79′] production on silt loam (Udollic and Mollic Ochraqualfs). Conventional tillage consisted of spring moldboard plowing and secondary tillage with a combination tool just before planting. No-tillage consisted of a foliar application of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] at the time of planting. Weed control treatments included combinations of no weed control with and without soybean plants, preemergence herbicide application only, postemergence herbicide application only, and combined preemergence and postemergence applications with and without additional handweeding. In 1982, a year of above-normal seasonal rainfall, conventional tillage had significantly greater soybean grain yields than no-tillage for all weed control treatments except the preemergence-only treatment. Yields within tillage systems and between weed control treatments in 1982 were not significantly different because adequate rainfall reduced the effect of weed competition for soil moisture. Soybean seed yields in 1983 and 1984 in no-tillage were equal to or significantly greater than those of conventional tillage. No-tillage treatments had greater soil moisture conservation and soil moisture availability resulting in less plant water stress during podfilling in periods of drought in 1983 and 1984. In all 3 yr, conventional tillage had significantly greater early weed growth than no-tillage in the treatments with and without soybean plants where no preemergence or postemergence herbicides were used. Comparing treatments with and without soybean plants indicated an average increase of 36 and 38% weed control for no-tillage and conventional tillage, respectively.

Effect of Early Competition on Growth of Common Milkweed

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Evetts ◽  
O. C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Light Competition ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Light Soil ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Annual Weeds

Four modes of competition were studied in relation to early development of common milkweed (Asclepias syriacaL.) alone and in competition with green foxtail [Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv], redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.), and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench ‘RS-626’]. The three species were used to study the effect of no competition, light competition, soil competition, and light and soil (full) competition on common milkweed. Common milkweed height was significantly reduced by soil and full competition with the three species, while only green foxtail caused a significant reduction in height due to light competition. Shoot weight of common milkweed was significantly reduced by light, soil, and full competition by the three species. Reproduction percentage of common milkweed roots was most severely reduced by light and full competition from green foxtail and redroot pigweed. An environment conducive to the establishment of the perennial common milkweed from seed exists when annual weeds are removed by herbicides.

Spray Retention on Green Foxtail (Setaria viridis) and its Effect on Weed Control Efficacy by Pyricularia setariae1

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
GARY PENG ◽  
THOMAS M. WOLF ◽  
KELLY N. BYER ◽  
BRIAN CALDWELL
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Green Foxtail

scholarly journals Influence of Pine Bark Substrate Age on Performance and Leaching of Nursery Preemergence Herbicides

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 896-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody J. Stewart ◽  
S. Christopher Marble ◽  
Brian Jackson ◽  
Brian J. Pearson ◽  
P. Christopher Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Cardamine Flexuosa ◽  
P Leaching ◽  
High Level ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Substrate Age

The objective of these experiments was to determine if preemergence herbicides perform similarly across pine bark that was aged for varying lengths of time including 0, 4, 8, and 12 months after bark removal from harvested trees. Three preemergence herbicides were evaluated for three separate weed species, including 1) Cardamine flexuosa With. (bittercress) with isoxaben, 2) Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. (large crabgrass) with prodiamine, and 3) Oxalis stricta L. (woodsorrel) with dimethenamid-P. Leaching of herbicides through substrates was evaluated for prodiamine. Weed growth in the various substrates was variable, but few differences were detected in weed growth among the pine bark substrates evaluated. For isoxaben and prodiamine, weed control was similar among the pine bark substrates in most cases when label rates were applied. Although some differences were detected in prodiamine performance across different pine bark ages, a high level of control was achieved in all cases at rates well below manufacturer recommendations. Prodiamine leaching was minimal in all substrates. It would be recommended that growers test substrates for physical properties before use so that irrigation and other production inputs could be modified if needed. In most cases, growers should expect similar performance of preemergence herbicides regardless of pine bark substrate age.

Germination of Exhumed Weed Seed in Nebraska

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orvin C. Burnside ◽  
Charles R. Fenster ◽  
Larry L. Evetts ◽  
Robert F. Mumm
Keyword(s):  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum

An experiment was initiated in 1970 and continued through 1979 by exhuming and germinating seed of 12 economic weed species buried beneath 23 cm of soil in eastern and western Nebraska. Loss in germination of exhumed seeds over years is mathematically characterized by the formula for the rectangular hyperbola, which represents many shapes of curves that have zero as their lower limit. Of the 12 weed species, only fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorumMichx.) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) seed germination did not drop significantly over the 10-yr burial period. Germination of redroot pigweed seed was higher when buried in eastern Nebraska, but was higher for smooth groundcherry (Physalis subglabrataMack&Bush.) and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) when buried in western Nebraska. Germination of the other nine species were not affected by burial location. The 12 weed species can be ranked as those showing most to least rapid loss of germination during burial for 10 yr as follows: honeyvine milkweed [Ampelamus albidus(Nutt.) Britt.], hemp dogbane (Apocynum cannabinumL.), kochia [Kochia scoparia(L.) Schrad.], sunflower (Helianthus annumL.), large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop.], common milkweed (Asclepias syriacaL.), musk thistle (Carduus nutansL.), velvetleaf, fall panicum, redroot pigweed, green foxtail [Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv.], and smooth groundcherry.

Soybean(Glycine max)and Grain Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor)Tolerance to Residues of Tetrafluron and Fluometuron

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-538
Author(s):  
D. L. Reasons ◽  
L. S. Jeffery ◽  
T. C. McCutchen
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Waiting Period ◽  
Broadcast Application ◽  
Rainfall Frequency ◽  
Area Basis ◽  
Significant Yield

Fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea] and tetrafluron {N,N-dimethyl-N′-[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy) phenyl] urea} are two urea-type herbicides for weed control in cotton(Gossypium hirsutumL.). In some years, because of cotton stand failure, an alternate crop must be established. Soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] are possible alternate crops if they can withstand the residues left from herbicides used for weed control in cotton. Soybeans and grain sorghum were planted 3, 6 and 9 weeks after fluometuron and tetrafluron applications to soil at Knoxville and Milan, Tennessee, in 1975 and 1976. Tetrafluron residues were more toxic to grain sorghum and soybeans than were fluometuron residues. Grain sorghum was less susceptible than soybeans to both herbicides. Grain sorghum was planted 3 weeks after fluometuron (1.7 kg/ha) and tetrafluron (1.7 kg/ha) applications without severe yield reduction. Soybeans were planted in non-treated soil between banded tetrafluron (1.7 kg/ha on a treated area basis), 3 weeks after herbicide application, without significant yield reduction; but when a seedbed was prepared, a 9-week waiting period was required. When soybeans were planted into soil receiving a broadcast application of tetrafluron (1.7 kg/ha), a 9-week waiting period was not sufficient to reduce the residues to a non-toxic level. Soybeans planted 6 and 9 weeks following a broadcast application of fluometuron may or may not sustain yield reduction depending on rainfall frequency and intensity and soil type.

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