Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Competition with Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Patterson ◽  
G. A. Buchanan ◽  
J. E. Street ◽  
R. H. Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Relationship Of

Two series of experiments were conducted from 1976 through 1978 on Marvyn loamy sand in central Alabama to determine the competitive relationship of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.) with cotton (Gossypium hirustumL. ‘Stoneville 213’). In the first series of experiments yellow nutsedge was left undisturbed or removed from plots to give periods of competition of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 25 weeks. Seed cotton yield was reduced 2 of 3 yr with full season (25 week) competition, but was unaffected by shorter periods of competition in all years. Main stem diameter of cotton was also reduced 2 of 3 yr when competing full season while main stem height was reduced in only 1 of 3 yr with full season competition. In the second series of experiments yellow nutsedge densities were monitored in 48 individual plots and regression analysis showed yields of seed cotton were consistently reduced with full-season competition. Yellow nutsedge shoot densities ranged from zero to 93 shoots/m2(measured 13 cm on either side of the drill) and approximately 18 kg/ha of seed cotton were lost for each additional yellow nutsedge plant per m2.

Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Control with Herbicides

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Paul E. Keeley ◽  
Charles H. Carter ◽  
Robert J. Thullen
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge

The relatively new micro-encapsulated formulation of alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] and diethatyl [N-(chloroacetyl)-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)glycine] were soil-applied for yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. #3CYPES) control in cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Acala SF-2’). Both herbicides at rates of 1.68 to 3.36 kg ai/ha provided 60 to 80% control of yellow nutsedge for 6 weeks. Although control declined to 50 to 70% by cotton harvest, plots treated with herbicides usually yielded more seed cotton than cultivated control plots. Yields were similar from herbicide-treated and hand-weeded plots. Fewer tubers were counted in herbicide-treated than in cultivated-control plots in the fall. Based on yellow nutsedge control and seed cotton yields, alachlor and diethatyl could be helpful in controlling nutsedge and protecting cotton yields.

Influence of Yellow Nutsedge Competition on Furrow-Irrigated Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Keeley ◽  
R. J. Thullen
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Fiber Properties ◽  
Tenfold Increase ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Cotton Plants

In five field experiments conducted during 1972 and 1973, yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.) was either undisturbed or removed from planting beds by hoeing 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Acala SJ-1’) emergence. Yellow nutsedge undisturbed in beds increased from 23 plants/m of row at cotton emergence to 100 plants/m at harvest. Nutsedge competing with cotton for more than 4 weeks reduced yield of seed cotton. Nutsedge that competed all season reduced yields 34%, as compared with 20% when it competed for 6 and 8 weeks. Nutsedge that competed with cotton for more than 4 weeks reduced height and number of cotton plants and delayed maturity. Although nutsedge competition reduced yields and delayed maturity, it generally did not alter fiber properties. When nutsedge was removed at cotton emergence and was followed by 14 weekly hoeings, the final tuber population was reduced to 24% of the beginning population. When nutsedge removal was delayed for 6 weeks and was followed by nine weekly hoeings, a fourfold increase in tubers resulted. A further tenfold increase resulted when nutsedge was not removed.

Coffee Senna (Cassia occidentalis) Competition with Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery M. Higgins ◽  
Robert H. Walker ◽  
Ted Whitwell
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Cassia Occidentalis ◽  
Fiber Properties ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Dense Stand

Field research was conducted at two locations in 1982 and 1983 to evaluate the competitiveness of coffee senna (Cassia occidentalisL. # CASOC) with cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.). With season-long competition, each increase of 1 coffee senna plant/7.5 m of row reduced seed cotton by 9 to 117 kg/ha. Each additional week of competition from a dense stand (40 plants/m of row) of coffee senna reduced seed cotton yield by 118 kg/ha and cotton main stem height by 1.25 cm. Neither cotton stand density nor fiber properties were affected by coffee senna density or duration of competition. Seed cotton yields and main stem heights obtained when cotton was kept weed free for 6 weeks after cotton emergence were not significantly different from those kept weed free for 8, 10, or 14 weeks. Coffee senna dry-matter production was essentially zero when cotton was maintained weed free for 8 or more weeks.

Influence of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)—Free Periods on Yield of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Keeley ◽  
Robert J. Thullen
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. # CYPES) was hoed in two cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Acala SJ-2′) fields each year (1979 to 1981) for 2 to 12 weeks after crop emergence to evaluate the influence of several nutsedge-free periods on the growth and reproduction of nutsedge and yields of seed cotton. Compared to the control (plots cultivated but not hoed), a 2-week nutsedge-free period reduced the average number of nutsedge shoots at harvest by 52% (61 vs 29 shoots/m2). Additional hoeings for 4 to 12 weeks further reduced populations by 67 to 87%. Compared to tubers counted in the spring, populations of tubers in control plots increased 3- to 12-fold by harvest. However, compared to control plots, two weekly hoeings reduced tuber populations at harvest by 70 to 90% (treatment average of 884 vs 221 tubers/m2), and additional hoeings tended to reduce, or reduced, tuber populations further (75 to 98% reduction). When cotton yields were reduced in control plots in 1979 and 1980, a 2- to 6-week nutsedge-free period substantially decreased yield losses. Averaged over six locations, yields in plots with a 4- to 12-week nutsedge-free period were greater than yields of control plots.

Weed Management in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) with Soil-Applied and Post-Directed Herbicides

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
David L. Jordan ◽  
William K. Vencill ◽  
John S. Richburg
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Better Than

Broadleaf weed and yellow nutsedge control with herbicide programs containing pendimethalin and combinations of fomesafen, fluometuron, and norflurazon applied alone or with POST-directed applications of MSMA or fluometuron plus MSMA was evaluated. Soil-applied herbicide combinations containing fomesafen controlled yellow nutsedge better than combinations of norflurazon and fluometuron but did not provide better entireleaf, ivyleaf, pitted, and tall morningglory or sicklepod control. Fluometuron plus MSMA controlled morningglories and sicklepod more effectively than MSMA. Seed cotton yield was greater in one of two years when fomesafen was applied and was associated with better yellow nutsedge control.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Gin Date to Aflatoxin Contamination of Cottonseed in Arizona

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Bock ◽  
P. J. Cotty
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Aflatoxin Content ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Field Variability ◽  
Early Harvest

During 1995 and 1996, a commercial gin in western Arizona ginned seed cotton on a field-by-field basis. Seed from each field was kept separate until sampled and analyzed for aflatoxin content according to Arizona Commercial Feed Law. This gave a comprehensive view of field-to-field variability in aflatoxin content as the season progressed. Regression analysis indicated significant relationships between gin date and aflatoxin content in both years: aflatoxin increased with later ginnning. Overall, 89 and 79% of seed lots exceeded 20 ppb in 1995 and 1996, respectively. No field ginned after Julian Day (JD) 273 in 1995 or after JD 267 in 1996 had an aflatoxin content <20 ppb. Means separation confirmed later ginned crops had significantly greater aflatoxin content (P = 0.05). In 1996, transgenic Bt and non-Bt cottonseed were similarly contaminated. Mean aflatoxin content of Bt cottonseed in 1996 was 413 ppb and that of non-Bt cottonseed was 598 ppb. These observations suggest that, in Arizona, losses from aflatoxin contamination of cottonseed can be reduced by early harvest.

Yellow Nutsedge and Cotton Response to Several Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Keeley ◽  
C. H. Carter ◽  
J. H. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge

Seven herbicides were evaluated for the control of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Acala SJ-1’) in three field experiments during 1970 and 1971. The herbicides, 2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide (alachlor); 2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(butoxymethyl) acetanilide (CP-53619); 2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-methylthio)-s-triazine (prometryne); 2-(α-naphthoxy)-N, N-diethylpropionamide (R-7465);S-isopropyl 5-ethyl-2-methylpiperidine-1-carbothioate (R-12001); 4-chloro-5-(dimethylamino)-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3-(2H)-pyridazinone (San-6706); and 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-dione (methazole), were applied broadcast and incorporated 10 cm deep into the soil before the preplanting irrigation. All herbicides controlled nutsedge for at least 1 month in two or more experiments. Cotton was most tolerant to applications of 2.24 and 4.48 kg/ha of CP-53619, 3.36 and 6.72 kg/ha of prometryne, 1.12 kg/ha of San-6706, and 2.24 kg/ha of methazole. Higher rates of San-6706 and methazole and all rates of alachlor, R-7465, and R-12001 reduced the yield of cotton in one or more experiments.

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