Yellow Nutsedge and Cotton Response to Several Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Keeley ◽  
C. H. Carter ◽  
J. H. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge

Seven herbicides were evaluated for the control of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Acala SJ-1’) in three field experiments during 1970 and 1971. The herbicides, 2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide (alachlor); 2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(butoxymethyl) acetanilide (CP-53619); 2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-methylthio)-s-triazine (prometryne); 2-(α-naphthoxy)-N, N-diethylpropionamide (R-7465);S-isopropyl 5-ethyl-2-methylpiperidine-1-carbothioate (R-12001); 4-chloro-5-(dimethylamino)-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3-(2H)-pyridazinone (San-6706); and 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-dione (methazole), were applied broadcast and incorporated 10 cm deep into the soil before the preplanting irrigation. All herbicides controlled nutsedge for at least 1 month in two or more experiments. Cotton was most tolerant to applications of 2.24 and 4.48 kg/ha of CP-53619, 3.36 and 6.72 kg/ha of prometryne, 1.12 kg/ha of San-6706, and 2.24 kg/ha of methazole. Higher rates of San-6706 and methazole and all rates of alachlor, R-7465, and R-12001 reduced the yield of cotton in one or more experiments.

Influence of Yellow Nutsedge Competition on Furrow-Irrigated Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Keeley ◽  
R. J. Thullen
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Fiber Properties ◽  
Tenfold Increase ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Cotton Plants

In five field experiments conducted during 1972 and 1973, yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.) was either undisturbed or removed from planting beds by hoeing 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Acala SJ-1’) emergence. Yellow nutsedge undisturbed in beds increased from 23 plants/m of row at cotton emergence to 100 plants/m at harvest. Nutsedge competing with cotton for more than 4 weeks reduced yield of seed cotton. Nutsedge that competed all season reduced yields 34%, as compared with 20% when it competed for 6 and 8 weeks. Nutsedge that competed with cotton for more than 4 weeks reduced height and number of cotton plants and delayed maturity. Although nutsedge competition reduced yields and delayed maturity, it generally did not alter fiber properties. When nutsedge was removed at cotton emergence and was followed by 14 weekly hoeings, the final tuber population was reduced to 24% of the beginning population. When nutsedge removal was delayed for 6 weeks and was followed by nine weekly hoeings, a fourfold increase in tubers resulted. A further tenfold increase resulted when nutsedge was not removed.

Control of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) and Smooth Pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus) in Summer Squash with Halosulfuron

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian W. Trader ◽  
Henry P. Wilson ◽  
Thomas E. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Summer Squash ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

Field experiments were conducted in 1999, 2000, and 2001 to investigate PRE and POST applications of halosulfuron-methyl in combination with clomazone plus ethalfluralin for control of sedge and smooth pigweed in summer squash. Halosulfuron was applied PRE or POST to summer squash at 9, 18, or 27 g ai/ha in combination with a PRE application of clomazone at 175 g ai/ha plus ethalfluralin at 630 g ai/ha. Smooth pigweed control by addition of halosulfuron at 18 and 27 g/ha in combination with clomazone plus ethalfluralin PRE was greater than 89% independent of application method. Yellow nutsedge control was greater than 83% with POST applications of halosulfuron at 18 and 27 g/ha in combination with clomazone plus ethalfluralin PRE. Yellow nutsedge control was greater than 60% from all POST halosulfuron applications at 9, 18, or 27 g/ha in the greenhouse. In a separate field study without ethalfluralin PRE, rice flatsedge control was more than 85% from halosulfuron applied POST at 18 and 27 g/ha. Yellow summer squash and zucchini squash were injured as much as 52 and 47%, respectively, from inclusion of halosulfuron PRE or POST at 27 g/ha in treatments. Summer squash yields were generally not affected by halosulfuron rate, and were comparable to or higher than summer squash treated by only the mixture of clomazone plus ethalfluralin. In these studies, summer squash were injured by halosulfuron applied at 9 to 27 g/ha PRE or POST, yet rapidly recovered, making this herbicide acceptable for use in combination with clomazone and ethalfluralin for controlling several common weed species.

Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Control with Herbicides

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Paul E. Keeley ◽  
Charles H. Carter ◽  
Robert J. Thullen
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge

The relatively new micro-encapsulated formulation of alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] and diethatyl [N-(chloroacetyl)-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)glycine] were soil-applied for yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. #3CYPES) control in cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Acala SF-2’). Both herbicides at rates of 1.68 to 3.36 kg ai/ha provided 60 to 80% control of yellow nutsedge for 6 weeks. Although control declined to 50 to 70% by cotton harvest, plots treated with herbicides usually yielded more seed cotton than cultivated control plots. Yields were similar from herbicide-treated and hand-weeded plots. Fewer tubers were counted in herbicide-treated than in cultivated-control plots in the fall. Based on yellow nutsedge control and seed cotton yields, alachlor and diethatyl could be helpful in controlling nutsedge and protecting cotton yields.

Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Control, Regrowth, and Tuber Production as Affected by Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Tuber Production

Nine soil-applied herbicides were evaluated in the field in cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) and soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] and in the greenhouse without crops to determine their effects on the control, regrowth, and tuber production of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.). Fluridone {1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-4(1H)-pyridinone} and norflurazon [4-chloro-5-(methylamino)-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone] provided the best (100%) control in the greenhouse. Tubers exposed to herbicide-treated soil in the greenhouse for 4 or 8 weeks produced fewer new tubers when transplanted into nontreated soil than nontreated tubers did. Yellow nutsedge shoot and tuber populations in the field were significantly reduced by all herbicides, except for alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide], after 2 yr of treatment in cotton and soybeans.

Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Competition with Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Patterson ◽  
G. A. Buchanan ◽  
J. E. Street ◽  
R. H. Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Relationship Of

Two series of experiments were conducted from 1976 through 1978 on Marvyn loamy sand in central Alabama to determine the competitive relationship of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.) with cotton (Gossypium hirustumL. ‘Stoneville 213’). In the first series of experiments yellow nutsedge was left undisturbed or removed from plots to give periods of competition of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 25 weeks. Seed cotton yield was reduced 2 of 3 yr with full season (25 week) competition, but was unaffected by shorter periods of competition in all years. Main stem diameter of cotton was also reduced 2 of 3 yr when competing full season while main stem height was reduced in only 1 of 3 yr with full season competition. In the second series of experiments yellow nutsedge densities were monitored in 48 individual plots and regression analysis showed yields of seed cotton were consistently reduced with full-season competition. Yellow nutsedge shoot densities ranged from zero to 93 shoots/m2(measured 13 cm on either side of the drill) and approximately 18 kg/ha of seed cotton were lost for each additional yellow nutsedge plant per m2.

Comparison of Four Cropping Systems for Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Control

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Keeley ◽  
R. J. Thullen ◽  
J. H. Miller ◽  
C. H. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Substantial Control

Four cropping systems were evaluated from 1975 to 1977 for the control of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.). Crops grown in 1975 and 1976 included alfalfa (Medicago sativaL. ‘Elcamino WL-600′), barley(Hordeum vulgareL. ‘CM-67′), corn (Zea maysL. ‘Dekalb T214′), and cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Acala SJ-2′). Herbicides used included butylate (S-ethyl diisobutylthiocarbamate) in corn, EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) in alfalfa, glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] in fallow plots, and MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate) in cotton. Cotton, which was grown continuously as one of the four cropping systems, was the only crop grown in 1977. Based on weed counts, crop yields, and the consistent decline in the number of tubers, all cropping systems provided substantial control of yellow nutsedge each year. Two years of either alfalfa treated with EPTC or double cropping barley with corn treated with butylate preceeding cotton reduced the number of viable yellow nutsedge tubers by 96%. Two years of chemically fallowing plots with glyphosate following barley and preceeding cotton was 98% effective in reducing viable tubers. Treating continuous cotton with MSMA, although somewhat inferior to the above systems, reduced the number of viable nutsedge tubers by 91% in 3 yr.

Response of Yellow Nutsedge and Soybeans to Bentazon, Glyphosate, and Perfluidone

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Stoller ◽  
L. M. Wax ◽  
R. L. Matthiesen
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Good Coverage

Laboratory, greenhouse, and field experiments were conducted in 1972 and 1973 on the efficacy of controlling yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.) in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] with bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-(4)3H-one 2,2-dioxide], glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine], and perfluidone [1,1,1-trifluoro-N-[2-methyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)phenyl] methanesulfonamide]. Young nutsedge plants (four- to six-leaf stage) were more susceptible to foliar sprays of the three herbicides than were older (six- to eight-leaf stage) plants. Foliar application of bentazon resulted in slow acropetal translocation of the herbicide, but killed the parent tubers. Good coverage of the foliage by bentazon sprays is essential, because the bentazon frequently kills only the foliage contacted by the spray. Applied as a postemergence broadcast spray, glyphosate injured soybeans severely at rates higher than 0.3 kg/ha, but did not satisfactorily control yellow nutsedge at rates less than 2.2 kg/ha. Perfluidone was active on yellow nutsedge when applied to either soil or foliage; yellow nutsedge was controlled best with preplant incorporated treatments at 4.5 kg/ha. Applications of 4.5 kg/ha perfluidone in the field significantly injured soybeans and reduced yields.

DPX-PE350 for Weed Control in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
John S. Richburg
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Cassia Occidentalis ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in 1991 and 1992 in Georgia to determine the efficacy of DPX-PE350 when applied either preplant incorporated (PPI), preemergence (PRE), and early postemergence (EPOST) at rates of 40, 80, or 120 g ae ha-1 for weed control in peanut. Species evaluated included coffee senna [Cassia occidentalis (L.)], Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC.], prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.), smallflower morningglory [Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb.], sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L.), and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.). Sicklepod was controlled better with either PPI or PRE applications than with EPOST. Coffee senna control was more consistent with DPX-PE350 applied EPOST. DPX-PE350 controlled prickly sida and smallflower morningglory regardless of application method and rate. DPX-PE350 did not control Florida beggarweed when soil applied. PPI applications were more injurious to peanut than PRE or EPOST applications. Peanut yields tended to decrease as DPX-PE350 rates increased.

Predicting Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Emergence Using Degree-day Models

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl A. Wilen ◽  
Jodie S. Holt ◽  
William B. McCloskey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Model Accuracy ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Degree Day ◽  
The Relationship

We examined the relationship between temperature and emergence of yellow nutsedge tubers to generate predictive models for the arid southwestern United States. Field experiments were conducted in California and Arizona to obtain phenological and temperature data needed to generate degree-day models. The effect of air temperature on emergence was tested with available programs using four methods to calculate degree-days (single sine, double sine, single triangle, and double triangle). Separate models were tested for each genotype examined (Arizona source and California source) as no one model was a good predictor of emergence when data were pooled. Results indicate that there is year to year variation in model accuracy but predictions of date of emergence can be made to within 2 d of actual emergence. This information can be used to schedule cultivations to reduce early yellow nutsedge competition in the field.

Weed Control in Immature Pecan (Carya illinoensis) and Peach (Prunus persica) Plantings

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 638-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Arnold ◽  
J. H. Aldrich
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Carya Illinoensis ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Peach Trees

Field experiments were conducted in 1974 and 1975 to evaluate the effect of seven herbicides applied preemergence and two herbicides applied postemergence on weed growth around 7-yr-old pecan [Carya illinoensis(Wang.) K. Koch ‘Elliott’ and ‘Desirable’] and 3-yr-old peach [Prunus persica(L.) Batsch ‘June Gold’] and to observe herbicidal tolerance as noted from visually expressed phytotoxicity. After 12 weeks, the best control of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers.], purple nutsedge(Cyperus rotundusL.), and wild blackberry (Rubus cuneifoliusPursh) was obtained with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine], napropamide [2-(α-naphthoxy)-N,N-diethylpropionamide] + glyphosate, and napropamide + terbacil (3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil) + paraquat (1,1′dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion). The most effective overall control of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.), camphorweed [Heterotheca subaxillaris(Lam.) Britt. & Rusby], dogfennel [Eupatorium capillifolium(Lam.) Small], large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop.], and Florida pusley (Richardia scabraL.) resulted from napropamide + terbacil + paraquat. Herbicides used caused no visible toxicity to the immature pecan or peach trees.

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