Diclofop – a Selective Herbicide for Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) Control in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khosro Khodayari ◽  
Robert E. Frans ◽  
Fred C. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Ryegrass Growth

Diclofop [2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid] was evaluated to determine Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorumLam.) control and effect on yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). Diclofop applied at 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.5 kg/ha postemergence provided excellent control of ryegrass and resulted in significant yield increases of winter wheat. Diclofop was most effective when applied at the two- to three-leaf stage of Italian ryegrass growth. Postemergence applications of diclofop plus bentazon [3-isopropyi-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] gave excellent control of ryegrass and significant increases in wheat yields.

Effect of Chlorsulfuron on the Movement and Fate of Diclofop in Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rex Liebl ◽  
A. Douglas Worsham
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Chemical Stability ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Wheat Leaves

The basis for chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] caronyl] benzenesulfonamide} antagonism of diclofop {(±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} was investigated in Italian ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum(Lam.) # LOLMU] and wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘McNair 1813′). Chlorsulfuron did not affect the chemical stability or volatility of diclofop in spray mixtures over the time and concentration ranges evaluated. Addition of chlorsulfuron (0.11 μg/μl) to a diclofop (2.0 μg/μl) foliar-applied spotting solution did not affect the absorption, translocation, or metabolism of diclofop in 17-day-old Italian ryegrass or wheat. Italian ryegrass and wheat responded differentially to diclofop alone. At 72 h after treatment, 69 and 40% of labeled diclofop penetrated into Italian ryegrass and wheat leaves, respectively. Although little movement of labeled diclofop occurred in either species, more translocated from the treated zone of Italian ryegrass. At 72 h after treatment, the percentages of14C recovered as parent methyl ester, diclofop (free acid), and conjugates in treated leaf extracts were 9, 62, and 25%, respectively, for Italian ryegrass, and 50, 20, and 29%, respectively, for wheat. Differential penetration and metabolism of diclofop are the probable bases for selectivity between wheat and Italian ryegrass. The antagonism of diclofop caused by chlorsulfuron does not appear to be due to an alteration of the molecular fate of diclofop in Italian ryegrass.

Effect of Chlorsulfuron on Diclofop Phytotoxicity to Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rex Liebl ◽  
A. Douglas Worsham
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments

The effect of chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5 -triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} on the phytotoxicity of postemergence applications of the methyl ester of diclofop ((±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} to Italian ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum(Lam.) # LOLMU] was investigated in field and greenhouse experiments. The addition of chlorsulfuron (14.8 g ai/ha field, 12.4 g/ha greenhouse) to 0.90 kg/ha diclofop reduced Italian ryegrass control 27% in the field and increased Italian ryegrass fresh weights in the greenhouse more than twofold over diclofop alone. The antagonism was more evident when combinations were used to treat Italian ryegrass in the three-leaf stage than the two- or four-leaf stage. Sequential applications yielded results similar to tank mix combinations. Chlorsulfuron and diclofop were approximately 400 and 50%, respectively, more active on Italian ryegrass when applied preemergence than when applied postemergence. Combinations of chlorsulfuron and diclofop applied preemergence to Italian ryegrass resulted in additive responses.

Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) Control in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Wheat Leaf

Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorumLam. # LOLMU) control in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) using chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} at 35 g ai/ha was significantly higher when applied preemergence (pre) than early postemergence (poe) to ryegrass with two to four leaves and wheat with three to five tillers. Metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] applied at 420 g ai/ha early poe controlled more than 95% of the ryegrass, but control was unacceptable when the same rate was applied late poe when the ryegrass was at midtiller and wheat at full tiller. Wheat leaf burn, stunting, and stand reduction occurred where metribuzin was applied early poe but yields were not affected. Ryegrass control was excellent where diclofop {(±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} was applied early poe at 560 g ai/ha. Wheat yields, averaged over years, for early poe applications of chlorsulfuron at 35 g/ha, metribuzin at 280 and 420 g/ha, and diclofop at 560 g/ha were 22, 22, 24, and 20% higher, respectively, than the untreated stands. Injury associated with the herbicide treatments was not observed on soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] planted following wheat.

Seeding Arrangement on Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Grain Yield and Interaction with Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 820-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold P. Appleby ◽  
Bill D. Brewster
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Grid Pattern ◽  
Grain Yields

Studies were conducted to determine whether cross-seeding of winter wheat, while maintaining an equal seeding rate per hectare, would increase wheat grain yields and help the wheat compete more effectively against Italian ryegrass than conventional seeding. Wheat was seeded at rates of 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1 in conventional parallel rows or cross seeded in a grid pattern. Ryegrass was seeded at densities of 0, 20, 100, and 200 plants per m-2. Cross-seeded wheat yielded less grain than single-seeded wheat in 1990 in the absence of ryegrass; there were no differences in 1991. Cross seeding did not reduce competition from Italian ryegrass. Ryegrass was highly competitive against wheat, especially in 1990. Even 20 plants per m-2 reduced grain yield by an average of 38%. Wheat seeding rate had essentially no effect on grain yield in 1990, but the higher seeding rates reduced yields in 1991 because of extensive lodging. In 1991, wheat grain yields were higher in the cross-seeded plots than the single-seeded plots at the two high wheat seeding rates and highest ryegrass densities. Cross seeding does not appear promising as an aid to controlling ryegrass in Pacific Northwest wheat.

Soil as Herbicide Carrier for Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) Control in Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 858-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birhanu Kinfe ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Silt Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil

The efficacy of herbicides applied broadcast by hand with a soil carrier or sprayed with water carrier were compared for Italian ryegrass control in winter wheat in central Oklahoma. Italian ryegrass was controlled 77 to 100% with BAY SMY 1500, chlorsulfuron, and CGA-131036 applied with both carriers. Metribuzin applied POST with 187 L ha–1water was less phytotoxic to Italian ryegrass and wheat than with 200 kg ha–1soil. All herbicides applied with 200 kg ha–1silt loam soil as carrier at two locations controlled Italian ryegrass 96 to 100%. Increasing herbicide rate, soil carrier quantity, or broadcasting soil-carried herbicide in two directions rather than one did not significantly improve herbicide efficacy over that of conventional spraying.

Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) Accessions Tolerant to Diclofop

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Stanger ◽  
Arnold P. Appleby
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Alternative Treatments ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies ◽  
Ryegrass Growth

In 1987, two applications of the methyl ester of diclofop failed to effectively control Italian ryegrass in some growers' fields. As a result of these observations, studies were initiated to determine if the surviving ryegrass is more tolerant to diclofop than previously untreated ryegrass. Growth chamber studies on five accessions of ryegrass demonstrated that collections from two growers' fields were highly tolerant of diclofop. Diclofop GR50(rate required to reduce shoot weight by 50%) values of accessions A and B and commercial ryegrass, when diclofop was applied to seedlings at the two-leaf stage, were 2.9, 3.4, and 0.0056 kg ai/ha, respectively. Diclofop-tolerant biotypes were not more tolerant to postemergence barban or preemergence-incorporated triallate plus postemergence diuron or metribuzin. These herbicides are possible alternative treatments in fields where diclofop is no longer effective.

scholarly journals Comparison of Herbicides for Control of Diclofop-Resistant Italian Ryegrass in Wheat

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taghi Bararpour ◽  
Ralph Hale ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Jason Bond ◽  
Nilda Burgos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Perenne L

Diclofop-resistant Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. ssp. Multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot) is a dominant weed problem in non-irrigated winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in mid-south USA. Field studies were conducted from 2001 to 2007 to evaluate the efficacy of herbicides for diclofop-resistant ryegrass control and effect on wheat yield. In 2001 through 2004, chlorsulfuron/metsulfuron at 0.026 kg ha−1 preemergence (PRE) followed by (fb) mesosulfuron at 0.048 kg ha−1 at 4-leaf to 2-tiller ryegrass provided 89% control of diclofop-resistant Italian ryegrass, resulting in the highest wheat yield (3201 kg ha−1). Flufenacet/metribuzin at 0.476 kg ha−1 applied at 1- to 2-leaf wheat had equivalent Italian ryegrass control (87%), but lesser yield (3013 kg ha−1). In 2005–2006, best treatments for Italian ryegrass control were chlorsulfuron/metsulfuron, 0.013 kg ha−1 PRE fb mesosulfuron 0.015 kg ha−1 at 3- to 4-leaf ryegrass (92%); metribuzin, 0.280 kg ha−1 at 2- to 3- leaf wheat fb metribuzin at 2- to 3-tiller ryegrass (94%); chlorsulfuron/metsulfuron (0.026 kg ha−1) (89%); and flufenacet/metribuzin at 1- to 2-leaf wheat (89%). Chlorsulfuron/metsulfuron fb mesosulfuron provided higher yield (3515 kg ha−1) than all other treatments, except metribuzin fb metribuzin.

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